• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

Objective : This study is effects of Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ and Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture on serum glucose and lipid composition were investigated in high fat diet induced diabetic rat. Results : Plasma glucose, free fatty acids and $\beta-lipoprotein$ concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups compared to those of control group and in the acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a low values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. Plasma triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration showed a tendency to decrease in the acupuncture groups, however these values showed no significantly different among acupuncture groups. Total cholesterol concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups and in acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a lower values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a higher values in all acupuncture groups than control group, however these values no significantly different in all acupuncture groups.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2015

This study investigated the impact of microalgal oil (MO) on body weight management in C57BL/6J mice. Obesity was induced for 8 weeks and animals were orally supplemented with the following for 8 additional weeks: beef tallow (BT), corn oil, fish oil (FO), microalgal oil (MO), or none, as a high fat diet control group (HD). A normal control group was fed with a normal diet. After completing the experiment, the FO and MO groups showed significant decreases in body weight gain, epididymal fat pad weights, serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels compared to the HD and BT groups. A lower mRNA expression level of lipid anabolic gene and higher levels of lipid catabolic genes were observed in both FO and MO groups. Serum insulin and leptin concentrations were lower in the MO group. These results indicated that microalgal oil has an anti-obesity effect that can combat high fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2009

Shade-dried flowers of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight Syn (SBF) belonging to Asclepiadaceae yielded a rare flavonol glycoside viz., Quercetin 5a prenyl, 3-O-glucosyl, 7-O-(4c-p-coumaroyl) neohesperidoside which were characterized based on chemical and spectral (including 2D NMR) studies. The ethyl acetate fraction of alcoholic concentrate (test sample) of flowers of this plant (SBF) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional uses. The oral administration in varying doses viz., 125 and 250 mg/kg of aqueous suspension of SBF to rats for 7 days produced significant (P < 0.01) hepatoprotective effect comparable to that of standard drug silymarin. The SBF afforded good hepatoprotection against $CCl_4$ induced elevation levels of serum marker enzymes, serum bilirubin and liver weight. The free radical scavenging effects of SBF and flavonol glycoside (SA) were assigned by $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate induction method (in vitro), which revealed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The SBF and SA showed prominent anti-lipid peroxidation activity ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$180 mg/ml and 11.0 mg/ml respectively), which was comparable to standard drug curcumin ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$8.25 mg/ml). Thus the hepatoprotective activity of SB could be correlated to the free radical scavenging property of the flavonol glycoside.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the influence of Chlorella which effected the change of Pb contents, enzyme activity and lipid compounds on the rats fed the beverage involved Pb and the different contented Chlorella added-diets for 18weeks. The rat's weight of 200ppm Pb group was decreased 6.04% and the cause of that was Pb intake. But the rat's weight of Chlorella added-diets +200ppm Pb group was increased 4.02% (p<0.01). When feeding the different(0%, 2%, 5%, 10% ) Chlorella added-diets with the Pb contented beverage to the rats, we could know that the Pb contents accumulated on tissue were decreased to 20.70(0%), 12.88(2%), 14.83 (5%) and 19.56(10%), compared with the quantity of Pb taken in. Total-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose content and AST, ALT, ALP, LDH enzyme activity in serum were the highest on 200ppm Pb group and those were decreased by the order of different(2%∼5% >10%) Chlorella contents + 200ppmPb group. A significance was recognized on the level of 1%. Therefore, when rats were exposed to Pb, it was thought that the amount of Chlorella intake was adequate on content 2∼5% for reducing the lead toxicity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.584-589
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• 2007

The effect of water extract of adzuki beans on acetaminophen-altered lipid metabolism was examined in rats. Control group of rats was fed a basal diet, another group of rats was fed 0.5% acetaminophen (APAP group), and a third group of rats was fed 0.5% acetaminophen plus 5% adzuki bean extract (ABE group) for 4 weeks. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels in the APAP group were significantly lower than those in the control and ABE groups. Hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ and fatty acid synthase mRNA levels in the APAP and ABE groups were significantly higher and lower than in the control group, respectively. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mRNA level in the APAP group was significantly lower than in the control group, whereas that in the ABE group was significantly higher than in the APAP group. These results indicate that adzuki bean extract may improve the acetaminophen-altered serum lipid metabolism in rats.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.347-351
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• 2008

Several lines of evidence indicate that the oxidative modification of protein and the subsequent accumulation of the modified proteins have been found in cells during aging, oxidative stress, and in various pathological states including premature diseases, muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. The important agents that give rise to the modification of a protein may be represented by reactive aldehydic intermediates, such as ketoaldehydes, 2-alkenals and 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals. These reactive aldehydes are considered important mediators of cell damage due to their ability to covalently modify biomolecules, which can disrupt important cellular functions and can cause mutations. Furthermore, the adduction of aldehydes to apolipoprotein B in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the mechanism by which LDL is converted to an atherogenic form that is taken up by macrophages, leading to the formation of foam cells. During the search for an endogenous inducer of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible isoform responsible for high levels of prostaglandin production during inflammation and immune responses, 4-hydroxy-2-noennal (HNE), one of the most representative lipid peroxidation product, has been identified as the potential inducer of COX-2. In addition, the following study on the molecular mechanism of the COX-2 induction by HNE has unequivocally established that a serum component, which is eventually identified to be denatured LDL, is essential for COX-2 induction. Here I review current understanding of the mechanisms by which HNE in cooperation with the serum component activates gene expression of COX-2.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the antiobese effects of Gamikwakhyangjungkisan and Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan. Methods The cellular lipid contents were assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. The expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ were determined by real time RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, body weight gain and serum lipid levels were measured in the mice with obesity induced by the high fat-diet for four weeks. Results Gamikwakhyangjungkisan and Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan is reduced 3T3-L1 cells' differentiation and the expressions of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ in high concentration group. High-fat diet + Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan group significantly reduced body weight gain. High-fat diet + Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan group significantly increased HDL-cholesterol contents and reduced LDL-cholesterol contents. Furthermore, Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan is excellent antiobese effects than Gamikwakhyangjungkisan. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Gamikwakhyangjungkisan and Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan exerts antiobese effect in 3T3-L1 cells and mice fed high fat diet. Furthermore, Fermented GamiKwakhyangjungkisan is excellent antiobese effects than Gamikwakhyangjungkisan.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2010

This study was performed to explore the effects of the fermented functional extracts (FE) on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetes. FE were created by mixing 9 kinds of plants with sea water and then allowing the mixture to ferment for 1 year. FE were supplemented in the feed of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats at 1%, 3% and 5%. The 1% feeding group showed the lowest weight loss of the three experimental groups. The blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level were significantly decreased in the FE fed rats compared to the diabetic control (DMC) group. The lipid levels in serum were decreased in 1% and 3% FE fed rats in comparison to the DMC group, and there was no significant difference in triglyceride levels due to the FE concentration. The HDL-C level was significantly increased in rats with FE supplemented diets, compared to the DMC group. The levels of lipid peroxides in liver tissue were significantly decreased in FE fed diabetic rats, and the hepatic glycogen content was increased in rats receiving supplements. As a result of these studies, we believe 1% FE may be the optimum level for controlling blood glucose and alleviating hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2014

Objective : It is known that Pueriaria lobata has an anti-osteoporetic effect, anti-cancer effect, anti-pyretic effect, and anti-diabetic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effect of Pueriaria lobata extract (PLE), and elucidate the effect of it on gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Method : The experiments were performed with the use of ovariectomized rats as estrogen-deficient obesity model. They were grouped NC (normal control), OC (estrogen-deficient control), PLH (100mg/kg of PLE), PLL (20mg/kg). PLE was orally administered for 6 weeks. Body weights and serum lipid level were estimated, and real-time PCR was performed to investigate the effect of PLE on gene expression in liver. Results : PLE decreased the body weight and serum cholesterol and triglyceride, but increased HDL-cholesterol. And PLE increased leptin, CYP27, CPT1, CYP8B1, ACAT2, LDLR, and SCD1, but reduced $PPAR{\gamma}$, PGC1A, HMG-CoA-R, ACAT1, SCD1, and APoB gene expression in liver tissue of rat with estrogen-deficient obesity. Conclusion : It is concluded that Pueriaria lobata reduced body weight, and its effect was expressed by regulation of gene expression related to lipid metabolism in rats with estrogen-deficient obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of swimming training and cholesterol diet on the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and serum lipid in Sprague Dawley rats(24 weeks of age). They were divided into five groups which were made up of normal-diet detraining group(C), 2% cholesterol-diet detraining group(CC), 2% cholesterol-diet swimming training groups which were classified according to their training time(CSA: 12min, CSB:8min, CSC:4min). They were given normal diet for the first 6weeks and then, separated normal-dietary and 2% cholesterol-dietary for 14 weeks. During these periods, 10 weeks’ swimming training was performed after 4 weeks later. And then we analyzed blood and liver by decapitating those rats. Swimming training showed a tendency to increase the activation of GSH-peroxidase, Nonprotein-SH and malondialdehyde, and decrease total- cholesterol, LSL-C/HDL-C and VLDL significantly. Whereas, cholesterol diet which has no training showed decrease the activation of hepatic antioxodant enzymes, and increase total-cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C absolutely. These results suggest that swimming training should stimulate the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and decrease total-cholestrol even if they had cholesterol diet.