• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 1999

This study was designed to observe the effects of T-2 toxin on total cholesterol and lipid concentration in rat serum. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium sp. which is often found on agricultural products including cereals, and it is a causal material of liver injuries in cattle and humans. When we fed rats with standard diet treated with T-2 toxin, the body weight and feed consumption of rats treated T-2 toxin were decreased. As the results of lipid analysis, the concentrations of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in serum of treated rats were increased compared to non-fed control group, On the other hand, the levels of triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of T-2 toxin treated experimental groups were declined. In conclusion, T-2 toxin largely influenced on the total cholesterol and lipid levels in rat serum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.387-396
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of increase in the ratio of zinc to copper and alcohol consumption on serum lipid content in Sprague-Dawley male rats during five weeks. Sixty rats were divided into six groups, CZ < zinc 30ppm diet >, CZA < zinc 30 ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >, HZ < zinc 300ppm diet >, HZA < zinc 300ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >, SHZ < zinc 600ppm diet >, SHZA < zinc 600 ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >. High ratio of zinc to copper groups < HZ, SHZ > were significantly decreased in high-density lipoprotein (p<0.01) and increased in total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid in serum(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01). Triglyceride levels of serum in alcohol groups < CZA, HZA, SHZA > were significantly higher (p<0.001) than non-alcohol group < CCZ, HZ, SHZ >. Copper levels of serum were reduced in group high ratio of zinc to copper. These results present that high ratio of zinc to copper increase cholesterol(p<0.001) and alcohol consumption increase triglyceride(p<0.001) in serum. This close association to lipid metabolism in rats draw attention to the potential significance of zinc and alcohol nutriture in relation to cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1987

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E supplement and kinds of lipid on the vitamin E concentration and lipid composition in serum of the rats fed fro seven weeks. Supplemented vitamin E was 300mg/kg diet as DL-α-tocopherol acetate, and 15% of corn oil or beef tallow was added to standard diet. The results were as follows ; 1) Body weight and feed efficiency ratio were significantly increased by supplement with vitamin E, corn oil and beef tallow. 2) Serum vitamin E concentration increased significantly by supplement of vitamin E and beef tallow on the diets, while one of corn oil fed group decreased significantly . 3) The contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid in serum were significantly increased in the beef tallow group, and the vitamin E only -supplemented group showed significantly lower serum cholesterol in serum increased significantly in the vitamin E only -fed group and vitamin E plus corn oil-fed group. 4) The content of HDL-cholesterol in serum increased significantly in the vitamin E only -fed group and vitmain e plus corn oil -fed group. 5) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol content to HDL-cholesterol one in serum was significantly low in the vitamin E only-supplemented group and corn oil group, and was significantly higher in the beef tallow group than in the corn oil group.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of soybean oil and rice gem oil compared with lard on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed three kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from lard(L), soy bean oil(SBO) and rice gem oil(RGO) for 7 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body and organs weights among experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride of SBO and RGO groups, and of serum total cholesterol were lower in RGO group than in the other groups. The hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels of RGO group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of SBO and RGO groups were higher than those of L group, and the significance was shown only in RGO group. These results suggested that soy bean oil and rice germ oil can reduce serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and hepatic total lipid concentration of insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with lard as a animal fat source by increasing fecal lipid excretion of these groups. But the significant reducing effects on serum and liver lipid levels were shown only in RGO group, and we need to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of this oil by supplementary level and period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antioxidative effect of freeze-dried cranberry powder against protein and lipid oxidation and ameliorative effect of serum lipid profile in rat fed atherogenic diet. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: normal diet group with 5% com oil(control), atherogenic diet group with 5% com oil, 10% lard, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate(HFC), atherogenic plus 2% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C2), and atherogenic plus 5% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C5), and respective diet and water were fed daily for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the serum lipid profile, such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride, ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), plasma phenolics content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, serum protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) levels were examined. Total phenolic compound and total flavonoid levels in freeze-dried cranberry powder were 9.94 mg/g and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different for cranberry powder treatment, but serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Plasma FRAP value tended to be increased by cranberry powder treatment though there was no significant difference. Plasma total phenol concentrations and SOD activities were not significantly different among all groups. Serum protein carbonyl and TBARS levels were significantly decreased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Overall results suggested that freeze-dried cranberry powder might have the serum lipid improving effect, as well as anti oxidative effect demonstrated by its protective effect against protein and lipid oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1997

Secrum lipid and vitamin E levels were determined and smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise habits were asked in 357 healthy male subjects aged 49.4$\pm$6.7 years in Taegu. Average serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride(TG) were 189$\pm$43mg/이, 42$\pm$13mg/dl and 136$\pm$73mg/이, respectively. Serum level of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of the subjects was 2.01$\pm$0.73MDA nmoles/ml and that of $\alpha$-tocopherol was 9.53$\pm$3.14ug/ml. The correlation coefficients between $\alpha$-tocopherol and serum lipids were 0.3631 for triglyceride, 0.2993 for cholesterol, and 0.3025 for total lipid. Heavy smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day had higher levels of TG and TBARS than those who smoke less. Alcohol drinkers had higher levels of TG and TBARS than nondrinkers. Vitamin E level(per ml serum)was significantly higher in the heavy smokers and drinkers, which was reflected by the higher level of serum lipid. When the level of $\alpha$-tocopherol was expressed as $\alpha$-tocopherol/triglyceride, it was negatively correlated with serum TBARS level and was lower in the heavy smokers than in the moderate smokers. It is concluded that vitamin E level as $\alpha$-tocopherol/triglyceride would be better compared to $\alpha$-tocopherol/total cholesterol or $\alpha$-tocopherol/total lipid for the evaluation of vitamin E status in Korean men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition in middle-aged men and the influence of cardiovscular risk factors on them. Data for dietary intake, anthropometry , blood pressure, and general environmental factors were obtained and their relationship to serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition were analyzed in 303 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 43.8$\pm$6.4 years from June 1 to 22 , 1995. The prevalence of obesity was 26.7% by BMI and 11.2% by WHR criteria . The percentage of hypertensive subjects were 13.5% and 22.4% by systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Retinol, calcium , and roboflavin intakes were lower than the RDA for Koreans. The ratio of carbohydrate intake to total calories of the subjects was 70%. Ratios of P/M and n-6/n-3 were 1.02/1.05/1.00 and 11.1/1, respectively. The percentage of subjects who had serum TG, TC, LDL-C leves beyond the normal range were 19.5% , 13.5% and 8.6% respectively. Palmitic comprised 26.4% of serum total fatty acids, linoleic acid 19.4% and oleic acid 16.4. The waist circumference and ration of carbohydrate intake were related positively to TG level. Serum cholesterol level had positive relations with waist circumference, DBP, sugar intake, and income. There were positive relationships between SFA and bone fishes and vegetable oil intakes, MUFA and DBP while a negative a negative relationship was observed between PUFA and animal fat intake. Serum n-6 fatty acid was related negatively to carbohydrate intake and hot taste preference. N-3 fatty acid was related positively to fish intake and negatively to egg intake. These results suggest that to maintain adequate serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition, sugar, animal fat, and carbohydrate intakes have to be reduced, while consumption of vegetable oil and fish must be increased. It is also essential to control abdominal fat accumulation and blood pressure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether Eisenia bicyclis (EB) as a functional food material improves serum lipid status, supplementation of EB powder or EB extract to the high fat/cholesterol diet was tested in 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks. In the first experiment, four kinds of seaweed powder -Eisenia bicyclis (EB), Undaria pinnatifida (Up), Laminaria japonica (LJ), and Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) were compared with alginic acid (ALG) as well as control. In the second experiment, EB water extract and EB ethanol extract and EB pill containing EB and LJ powder were compared with the EB powder. Amounts of dietary fiber contained in experimental diets were adjusted to provide 5% of diets. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower only in rats fed LJ or EB powder, but HDL cholesterol was higher in rats fed UP, LJ, ES or EB powder. Ratios of HDL-/total cholesterol of all seaweed groups including ALG were significantly higher than that of the control group. Serum triglyceride was lower in LJ, EB nd ES powder groups than the control group. In comparison of EB extracts, triglyceride level was decreased in rats fed only EB water extract as compared to control rats, but HDL cholesterol was elevated with both water and ethanol extracts. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride were decreased and HDL cholesterol was increased by the EB pill. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were lower in rats fed ES powder, and EB powder, EB water extract or EB pill, as compared to the control rats. Supplementation of EB powder and EB pill reduced serum level of GOT and GPT, respectively, as compared to the control group. In conclusion, EB and EB pill improve serum lipid status and may be utilized as ingredient of functional foods for the purpose of improving serum lipid profile and inhibiting peroxidation of lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 1981

The lipid composition of total serum lipids were investigated by latroscan TH-10 TLC analyzer in 69 healthy subjects and 62 patients with hypercholesterolemia. Total serum lipids level in healthy subjects was higher in females than males. There was a increase in total serum lipids level with increasing total serum cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia, regardless sex. Total serum lipids obtained from healthy subjects and patients with hypercholesterolemia were separated into phospholipids, free cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Increasing the level of total serum cholesterol in the patients resulted in a decrease in the level of phospholipids, which was a major lipid fraction, indicating that HDL level in the patients was also decreased. However, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and free cholesterol levels in the patients were higher than those found in healthy subjects. The FC/CE ratio for male patients was lower than for healthy males, while in female patients, this ratio was similar to that observed in healthy females.