• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypocholesterol effects of Opuntia humifusa extract in hypercholesterolemic rats. Rats (8-week-old, male) were randomly divided into four groups (n=4) as follows: N-control, normal diet; H-control, hypercholesterolemic diet; OH-1, 2% O. humifusa extract-supplemented hypercholesterolemic diet; OH-2, 4% O. humifusa extract-supplemented hypercholesterolemic diet. After 4 weeks, we observed that hypercholesterolemia induced significant increases in serum lipids (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), hepatic lipids (total cholesterol and triglyceride), and hepatic function parameters (ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase) (P<0.05). Treatment with O. humifusa extract for 2 weeks normalized these indexes up to the levels of normal rats. O. humifusa extract tended to increase fecal lipid (H-control: 142.74 mg/day vs. OH-1: 214.05 mg/day; OH-2: 200.95 mg/day, P<0.05) and bile acid (H-control: 37.07 ${\mu}M/day$ vs. OH-1: 47.23 ${\mu}M/day$, OH-2: 47.93 ${\mu}M/day$, P<0.05) contents of hypercholesterolemic rats. We concluded that oral administration of O. humifusa extract effectively improved cholesterol metabolism in a hypercholesterolemic animal model induced by hypercholesterol diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of garlic extracts fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum on alcohol-induced fatty liver damage in C57BL/6J mice. The weight of liver tissue of the lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) diet groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the normal diet group. The activities of typical serum enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP were low in the LAFGE 200 mg/kg administered group. The LAFGE 200 mg/kg administered group significantly decreased values of TBIL and DBIL, which are an important index of liver damage. LAFGE also ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in histological analysis dose-dependently. In addition, total GSH and reduced GSH levels in LAFGE-treated groups were gradually recovered up to normal levels. The present study revealed that LAFGE improved unique tastes and odors of raw garlic through lactic acid fermentation technology and thus could be a commercially potential material for hepatoprotective functional foods against alcoholic fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schltr. has been reported to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model. C57BL/6J mice were fed with either the high-fat diet or a 0.5% BPE-supplemented HFD for 8 weeks. The BPE-containing HFD significantly reduced body weight gain and the accumulation of visceral fat mass in mice model without altering the amount of food intake. Moreover, mice fed with BPE-containing HFD had lower concentrations of lipids in their blood, lower hepatic lipid accumulation, and lower serum leptin levels compared with the HFD-fed mice. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}2$ ($PPAR{\gamma}2$) and CCAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) genes in the epididymal fat tissue of mice fed the BPE-containing HFD increased 1.16- and 1.30-fold, respectively, compared to mice fed HFD only. In conclusion, BPE attenuated visceral fat accumulation and improved dyslipidemia in a mice model with HFD-induced obesity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 1997

Solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the whole cells of Edwardsiella tarda from infected tissues of flounder. Cross-reaction test was performed by ELISA against fish pathogens such as A. hydrophila ATCC7966. V. anguillarum HYUFP5001, Y, ruckeri 11-4, E. ictaluri and Streptococcus sp. NG8206. Rabbit anti-E, tarda Edk-2 sera highly cross-reacted with A. hydrophila ATCC7966 and V. anguillarum HUFP5001. However, the cross-reaction was removed by using the anti-serum pre-adsorbed with A, hydrophila ATCC7966 FKC. The intra-species cross-reaction among E. tarda isolates was very high. ELISA with the whole cell antigens present in tissue homogenate appeared with highly decreased sensitivity, presumably by the co-coating of lipid or proteins in tissues. Thus, it would be necessary to use the infected tissue homogenates diluted more than 100 times with PBS for diagnosis. Interestingly, compared with the using of FKC antigen, the direct detection of viable cells in tissue homogenate showed more sensitive results with detection limit of $1{\times}10^3$ cells/ml in buffer or diluted tissue homogenate. Consequently, the ELISA method developed in this study was specific, rapid and sensitive for diagnosing edwardsiellosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.257-269
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• 2009

Objective : Obesity is an important cause of diabetes, and lipotoxicity causes insulin resistance. Recently a lot of research is being done on PPAR-${\alpha}$. TNF-${\alpha}$. adiponectin, and leptin, which are important obesity related factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of Supungsunki-hwan on high fat. high carbohydrate diet-induced obese type 2 diabetic mouse models. Methods: Diabetes was induced in ICR male mouse (30${\pm}$5g) with Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet. Mice were divided into 4 groups(n=10) of Normal. Control. Supungsunkj-hwan group. and acarbose group. The Supungsunki-hwsn group was given 10% Supungsunkj-hwan in their diet. and the acarbose group was given 0.5% acarbose in their diet. After 6 weeks. body weight. food intake, FBS and OGTT. lipid profile and liver enzymes, epididymal fat weight, and gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, TNF-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\alpha}$ were measured. Leptin. adiponectin. tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${\alpha}$ were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : Supungsunkj-hwan increased the gene expression of PPAR-${\alpha}$, which reduces lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. Supungsunkj-hwan also significantly reduced triglyceride. AST. ALT serum levels. and 1 hour oral glucose tolerance levels. Conclusion : These results show that Supungsunkj-hwan improves insulin resistance in the liver and muscles, by reducing triglyceride levels and lipotoxicity through increased PPAR-${\alpha}$ gene expression. This is supported by the fact that Supungsunkj-hwan significantly reduces 1 hour oral glucose tolerance levels. Therefore we suggest that Supungsunkj-hwan would be an effective treatment for obese type 2 diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary pyroligneous acid (PA) on performance, noxious gas emission in excreta, blood parameter and fatty acid composition of breast meat in Korean native chicken. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were allocated to three treatments (PA; 0, 0.1, 0.2%) with five replicate of 16 each per treatment for 10 weeks. Although there was no effect on the performance, ammonia gas concentration was significantly decreased in the PA treatments compared to the control (p<0.05). Birds fed PA had higher serum total protein and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) concentration but lower triglyceride content in the PA 0.2% treatment than control (p<0.05). In fatty acids composition of breast meat, myristic and stearic acid were significantly decreased, whereas oleic and linolenic acid were significantly increased in the group fed PA compared to those of the control group (p<0.05). The result of the current study indicates that dietary PA may reduce the noxious gas emission and improve lipid levels as well as increase of monounsaturated fatty acids composition of breast meat in Korean native chickens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

Effect of Sargassum confusum extract on the reduction of body weight gain and lipid contents in obese rats were evaluated to find natural materials with anti-obesity benefits. After inducing obesity by feeding 42.5% high-fat diet for 5 weeks, each 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet control (HFD) group and high-fat diet group containing 3% Sargassum confusum extract (HFDSC). Weight gain of HFD group ($2.96{\pm}0.31g/day$) was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to that of normal diet (ND) group ($2.19{\pm}0.17g/day$). Weights of adipose tissues of HFD group were higher than those of ND group. Body weight gain of HFDSC group, however, was $2.36{\pm}0.24g/day$, which was significantly (p<0.05) lower by 21% than that of HFD group. In addition, weights of epididymal and perirenal adipose tissues were lower by 15% and 16%, respectively, as compared to those of HFD group. Biochemical analyses showed that concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) lower in HFDSC group. These results suggest that Sargassum confusum extract has a high potential as an anti-obesity material by reducing weight gain and obesity-related factors in serum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 1993

The present work was undertaken to investigate the protective mechanism of Oenanthe iavanicu n-butanol extract on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. It was observed that a striking enhancement of serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic lipid peroxide content after carbon tetrachloride administration were markedly decreased by the presentment of Oenanthe javanica extract for 5 days. It was also observed that the hepatic aniline hydroxylase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione content were not changed by the injection of Oenanthe javanica extract for 5 days. Whereas, hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was inhibited by the treatment of Oenanthe javanica extract for 5 days. After treatment with Oenanthe javanica extract, xanthine oxidase activity was decreased with dose and time-dependent manner as compared to control group. However, hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was not affected by the addition of Oenanthe javanica extract in vitro. These results suggest that the inhibition of hepatic xanthine oxidase activity by the injection of Oenanthe javanica extract is believed to be a possible protective mechanism for the carbon tetrachloride-indured hepatotoxicity in mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.463-474
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• 2010

The nutrient intake and association between dish group intake and blood glucose and serum lipid level (TG, cholesterol, LDL and HDL) was analyzed among 3 groups: 452 subjects in normal blood glucose group (NG: fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose < 140 mg/dL), 258 subjects in impaired fasting glucose group (IFG: fasting blood glucose 100~125 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL) and 101 subjects in diabetic group (DG: fasting blood glucose $\geq$ 126 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL). The data were obtained from the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The 811 subjects were adults aged 40~64 without dietary treatment. In nutrients intake, IFG was the highest and DG the lowest in both quantity and quality. DG, especially, had the lowest intake in carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, Ca, P, K, vitamins B1 and C, and consumed the highest amount of alcohol. In macronutrients distribution ratio, the DG diet showed a lower energy intake from carbohydrates but higher from fat than the NG diet, while IFG showed a higher energy intake from carbohydrates and lower intake from fat in supper out of 3 meals and snacks. IFG preferred salt-fermented foods and DG preferred soups, braised foods and kimchi compared to other groups. NG preferred multi-grain cooked rice and both IFG and DG preferred plain white cooked rice. Regarding the association between dish group intake and blood glucose, cooked rice, soups, salt-fermented foods and kimchi were significantly related to blood glucose. In blood lipids, steamed-foods, beverages and fruits were inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas cooked rice, stews, saltfer-mented foods, seasoned-fermented foods and seasoned vegetables were directly proportional to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and related diseases. Therefore, it is beneficial to avoid rich, salty and fatty foods and heavy alcohol consumption for controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, while steamed foods, foods rich in fiber (like multigrain rice) as a staple, and fruits and teas are recommended for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes risks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate effect of feeding fermented hulless barley (FHB) on growth performance and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Forty-five pigs (LYD; initial body weight, $30.33{\pm}0.05kg$) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments that consisted of 0, 0.5 and 1.0% of the FHB in the basal diets. The pigs fed 0.5% FHB showed higher average daily gain than the 0 and 1% FHB treatments, although there was not significant among the treatments. Similarly, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not different among the treatments. Blood white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were ranged to reference values, but not difference among the treatments. Serum glucose was increased in the control compared with 0.5 and 1.0% FHB. However, parameters related to protein, lipid and mineral also were not different among the treatments. These results indicate the FHB has no significant effect of growth performance and metabolizable responses in growing-finishing pigs.