• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the directions of Korean Medicine treatment of diabetes mellitus. Methods We reviewed the 52 studies about diabetes mellitus which had been published from 2000 to 2007. We selected those studies from the search engine of the web site of five journals. Those were the Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Society, Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology & Pathology, the Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society, Korean Journal of Oriental Internal Medicine and the Journal of Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute. Results 1. The types of diabetes mellitus model in studies were the model used Alloxan(2cases), the model used Streptozotocin(41cases), NOD mice(1case), ob/ob mice(1case), db/db mice(5cases) and rats fed highfat diet(2cases). 2. The types of method in studies were pharmacopuncture(8cases), herbal medcine(47case) and both pharmacopuncture and herbal medcine(3cases). the types of materials in studies were single herb(24cases), multiple herbs(32cases) and both single and multiple herbs(4cases). 3. The types of evaluation criteria in studies were glucose, pancreas, liver, kidney, serum lipid, oxidative stress, nervous system, vascular system and immunity. Conclusions There have been reported many studies of diabetes mellitus in Korean Medicine. It requires to study further types of diabetes mellitus, kinds of herbs and complications of diabetes mellitus for Korean Medicine treatment of diabetes mellitus was covered the ground.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of circadian variation on the xylene metabolizing enzyme activities, 50% m-xylene in olive oil(0.25 $m\ell$/100g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Then animals were sacrigiced at 8hr after last injection of m-xylene. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 contents were more increased both in control and xylene treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. But the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) in control of night phase showed the similar value with that in those of day phase and xylene treated rats of day phase showed an increasing tendency of hepatic ADH activity as those of night phase showing similar activity. Furthermore, control rats of night phase than those of day phase. And by xylene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of day phase were higher tendency in rats of control but those of night phase were somewhat inhibited. Besides, xylene-treated animals of night phase showed increasing tendency of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration compared with those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content and serum xanthine oxidase activity were higher in night phase. And the activities of hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, gluthathione S-transferase, and xylene-treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized on the basis of the results that the accumulation rate of m-xylene intermediate metabolite, i.e. m-methylbenzaldehyde in liver tissus may be higher in night phase than in day phase and it may be responsible for higher liver toxicity in bight phase than in day phase.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2010

Objectives : In order to investigate the effects of So-yangin Biman-bang(here in after referred to BM) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, C57BL/6 mice were distinctively induced by high fat diet. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with Reductil(here in after referred to RDT), high fat diet with BM extract) and have been fed for 8 weeks. Through observing the process, the weight change of the adipocytes in body and liver, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, leptin change in the serum, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin gene in 3T3-L1 cell and primary adipocyte cell. Results : The following results have been found in this study. 1. Losing weight have significantly been shown. 2. The weight change of the body adipocyte and liver have been decreased but no significance has been found. 3. With close observation on the change of blood, HDL-cholesterol has positively been increased in numbers but the level of glucose, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride have distinctively been decreased. 4. The manifestation of ${\beta}3AR$ in 3T3-L1 cell and primary adipocyte cell have shown a definite increase in numbers but the manifestation of leptin has shown certain decrease in its amount. Conclusions : As results of this, So-yangin Biman-bang is thought to be effective in metabolic syndrom and lipid metabolism disorder that can possibly be occurred by obesity control and treatment. The clinical research will be needed in order to apply to So-yangin constitution in the future.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.325-335
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• 2008

The protective effects of the Naringin, on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with Naringin prior to the administration of $CCl_4$ significantly prevented an increase in serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pretreatment with Naringin also significantly prevented the depletion of glutathione (GSH) content in the livers of $CCl_4$-induced mice. However, reduced hepatic glutathione levels was unaffected by treatment with Naringin alone. In addition, Naringin prevented $CCl_4$-induced apoptosis and necrosis, as indicated by a liver DNA laddering. To determine whether caspase-8,-3 pathway involved in $CCl_4$-induced acute liver injury, caspase-8, -3 activities were tested by ELISA. Naringin attenuated $CCl_4$induced caspase-8, -3 activities in mouse livers. $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was also prevented, as indicated by a liver histopathologic study. The effects of Naringin on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, the major isozyme involved in $CCl_4$ were also investigated. Treatment of mice with Naringin resulted in a significant decrease of the CYP2E1-dependent hydroxyl at ion and aniline in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that protective effects of Naringin against the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its ability to block CYP2E1-mediated $CCl_4$ bioactivation and that is also protects against caspase-8, -3 pathway mediated apoptosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.259-262
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• 1995

Oxidative stabilities of fat in DHA(cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid)-added dry milk and ordinary dry milk during storage were studied by determining thiobarbituric acid values of samples. Two kinds of milk powder samples were purchased in the local supermarket and $2{\pm}0.05\;g$ of samples were transferred into serum bottles, which were stored under the light or under dark The oxidation of fat in DHA-added milk powder was higher than that of fat in ordinary milk powder and the acceleration was more evident in the presence of light Light and unsaturated fats accelerated synergistically oxidation of milk fat Addition of DABCO(diazabicyclooctane), which is an efficient singlet oxygen quencher, significantly decreased the photooxidation of milk fat This result clearly suggested that singlet oxygen oxidation (Type II reaction) was involved in the system. Deceleration of milk fat oxidation by DABCO was higher in the DHA-added milk powder.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1174-1179
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• 2006

In order to study auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise involved in high fat diet-induced obesity rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into five group. Group I : Normal diet-induced group, Group II : high fat diet-induced group, Group III: high fat diet-induced group and auricular acupuncture, Group IV : high fat diet-induced group and treadmill exercise, Group V : high fat diet-induced group and auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise. In each group, body weight, serum lipid, histologic obserations, and fat tissue were observed and analyzed. The following results were obtained. Body weights were significantly increase in group II than group I. The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than group I. Only auricular acupuncture was tended to body weight change but not significantly different between experimental group. The above result suggest that auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise effectively repressed in obesity. It would be considered that auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise have an effects on relieving obesity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.389-397
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• 2005

This experimental Study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex Extract(ACE) on the immunity, anti-cancer and obesity in mice. The results were as follows; ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in normal mice. ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly inhibited body weight and tumor weight in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly increased in the mean survival days in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the body weight in rats fed high fat diet. ACE was significantly decreased in the serum total cholesterol level, free fatty acid level, total lipid level, phospholipid level in rats fed high fat diet. According to above results, the authors suggest that ACE is able to be used for the herb of physiological-action.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 1995

This study was done to investigate the effect of vitamin C on hepatic biliary and microsomal function during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were treated with vitamin C(20, 100, 400, 1600 mg/kg) or with vehicle(saline) and then subjected to 60 min no-flow hepatic ischemia in vivo. Control animals were time-matched sham ischemic animals. After 1 or 5 hr of reperfusion, bile was collected, blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta, and liver microsomes were isolated. In vehicle-treated ischemic rats, serum ALT and AST levels peaked at 5 hr and were significantly attenuated by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment. Similarly, hepatic wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was decreased in the vehicle-treated ischemic group. Vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment minimized the increase in this ratio. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic group, but this elevation was also inhibited by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment. Bile flow and cholate output, but not bilirubin output, were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfuzion. Vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100mg/kg treatment restored the secretion but vitamin C 1600 mg/kg reduced the cholate output. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and restored by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment to the level of sham operated group but decreased by vitamin C 1600 mg/kg. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased and aniline p-hydroxylase activity was increased by ischemia/reperfusion. The changes in the activities of aminopyrine were prevented by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment, but not by 400 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg treatment. Our findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion diminishes hepatic secretory functions as well as microsomal drug metabolizing systems, small doses(20, 100 mg/kg) of vitamin C significantly ameliorates and large doses(400, 1600 mg/kg) of vitamin C aggravated these ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2017

Patients with lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency and glycogen storage disease (GSD) demonstrated hepatomegaly and dyslipidemia. In our case, a 6-year-old boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly. At 3 years of age, GSD had been diagnosed by liver biopsy at another hospital. He showed elevated serum liver enzymes and dyslipidemia. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse microvesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes, septal fibrosis and foamy macrophages. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated numerous lysosomes that contained lipid material and intracytoplasmic cholesterol clefts. A dried blood spot test revealed markedly decreased activity of LAL. LIPA gene sequencing identified the presence of a novel homozygous mutation (p.Thr177Ile). The patient's elevated liver enzymes and dyslipidemia improved with enzyme replacement therapy. This is the first report of a Korean child with LAL deficiency, and our findings suggest that this condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with hepatosplenomegaly and dyslipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.198-208
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• 1997

This Study was attempted to investigate the effect of Allium cepa L. (onion) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the levels total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the serum and the increase ratio of body and liver weight in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats. The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml and 5 ml/head as compared to the high lipid-diet control group. The levels of total lipids. Triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml and 5 ml/head as compared to the control group, respectively. However, the level of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ was significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver were significanatly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. Increase ratio of the body and liver weight were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. Anti-fatigue activity of onion juice were studied in mice using the swimming performance method. The potencies of anti-fatigue acti-vities was significantly found in 1.2 ml/head. p.o. of onion juice. The methanol extract and juice extract of onion was significantly found to have an antioxidative activity on the air oxidation of linoleic acid as compared to the 3-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$.