• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2005

To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the control group (CON) (30$\pm$3%, 27$\pm$2%, and 29$\pm$3% body fat, respectively) for an 8-week experimental period. Daily diet included 25% isolated soybean protein (>90% protein, approximately 400 kcal) combined with each subject s usual diet for the HPE group. The exercise program consisted of aerobic-type exercises undertaken >3 times/wk and for>30 min/session at 50-60% of maximal capacity. Physical fitness, body composition, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glucose were measured before and after the experiment. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by the end of experiment in both the HPE (from 27.2$\pm$3.5 to 35.l$\pm$5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.01) and EXO (from 30.3$\pm$5.4 to 33.8$\pm$3.8 mㅣ/kg/min, p<0.05) groups. Percent body fat decreased by 3.3% (p<0.01) in the HPE group and by 1.5% (p<0.05) in the EXO group by the end of the experiment, but not in the CON group. Lower back strength and agility increased only in the HPE group. In the HPE group, TC decreased from 168$\pm$20 to 155$\pm$18 mg/dL and HDL-C increased from 57$\pm$l0 to 61$\pm$9 mg/dL in HPE (p<0.01). But TC and HDL-C did not change in the EXO and CON groups. TG and glucose did not vary among the groups. Although the EXO group showed a similar outcome to that of the HPE group, a favorable change in body composition and blood lipids as well as an improvement in aerobic capacity was more marginal in the latter group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ligustrum lucidum (LL) on growth performance, antioxidation, and meat quality in broilers. 270 birds (1 d old) were allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. The feeding program included a starter diet from d 1 to 21 of age and a grower diet from d 22 to 42 of age. The birds were given a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0 (the control), 5 or 10 g of LL/kg, respectively. The results showed that in the starter, grower and overall phase, broilers fed with 5 or 10 g of LL/kg had better (p<0.01) average daily gain, but there were no differences in feed: gain between treatments. In the starter and overall phase, average daily feed intake of LL groups was greater (p<0.05) than that of the control, but this difference was not observed in the grower phase. Supplementation of LL significantly increased (p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capability in serum of chickens. In breast muscle, birds fed 5 g of LL/kg had an increase (p<0.05) in superoxide dismutase activity. The LL supplementation significantly decreased (p<0.05) malondialdehyde contents. Adding 5 or 10 g of LL/kg to the diet significantly increased pH value and reduced drip loss of meat (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that dietary LL could improve growth performance, increase pH value and reduce drip loss of meat by decreasing lipid peroxidation and by improving antioxidative status in broilers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Objective: There exist gender differences in pulsatile contour waveform. Women have a greater age-related increase in left ventricular mass than do men and more likely to experience symptomatic heart failure after infarction. SDPTG (the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform) is a noninvasive method for evaluating the pulse wave and is correlated with age and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. We studied the effect of gender on SDPTG and made clear why the gender differences appear. Methods: To study the effects of effect factors, including height and blood pressure, on SDPTG in the fourth decade, data on height, weight, PTD (pulse transit distance), blood pressure, serum lipid levels, and SDPTG were collected in 115 laboratory healthy men and women. SDPTG is derived from double-differential processing of fingertip photoplethysmography and consists of a, b, c, and d waves in systole and an e wave in diastole; SDPTG aging index (AI) was calculated as (b-c-d-e)/a. Results: There were significant gender-related differences of SDPTG AI, height, and blood pressure. Age, height, and mean blood pressure were respectively and significantly correlated with SDPTG AI. SDPTG is dependent upon age, height, and blood pressure. Restricting analysis to SDPTG AI, age, height, and mean blood pressure, yielded that there were gender-related differences in SDPTG AI (P<0.05) which were derived from those of height (F<0.001, df=l, P=0.994). Conclusions: These new data may help to explain previous findings about age-related differences in pulsatile contour waveforms and why gender differences of SDPTG appear. The results of this study suggest that SDPTG AI, used for evaluation of biological vascular aging, should be calibrated by height as well as age and blood pressure.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) against oxidative stress in the liver of rats with NAFLD. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD), 20% corn oil, or palm oil for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of PPE. The control group was fed a basal diet. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum lipids (triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers. The HFD feeding increased the body weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of PPE ameliorated the hepatic morphology, reduced body weight, improved liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Furthermore, PPE enhanced the cellular redox status in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. Our findings suggest that PPE could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. PPE might be considered as a potential lead material in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Objectives : The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Allium tuberosum (AT) extract on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr KO) mouse fed western diet.Methods : The AT was extracted 70% ethanol. The experimental groups were divided with four groups of LDLr KO mice, one group fed a normal diet and the others fed a Western diets for 8weeks. Two Western diet groups were orally administered AT extract at dosage of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight. The body weight and food intake were measured every day. We measured levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Glucose in serum. Also, effect of AT extract performed using H&E staining.Results : The AT treatment groups showed decrease in body weight and food efficiency in comparison with control group. Blood biochemistry parameters such as TG, TC, LDL, and glucose levels were increased in control group, while AT treatment groups were reduced. Also, the increased levels of ALT and AST were improved by AT extract. We confirmed that the weights of liver, kidney, subcutaneous fat, epididymal fat, kidney leaf fat, and intraabdominal fat were change in LDLr KO mice treated AT extract. In addition, histopathological changes in liver and aorta were similar to normal group.Conclusions : Based on these results, the AT extract is considered to make prevention of atherosclerosis through reduction and functional improvement of the liver and vascular endothelial cells in the body fat accumulation and lipid content in LDLr ko mouse model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a low-protein diet supplemented with DL-methionine plus L-cystine (Met + Cys) on the growth performance and fat accumulation of female broiler chicks during the growing period (3-6 wks old). A low-protein diet (17% CP; 3,200 ME kcal/kg) was supplemented with Met + Cys (1.1 : 1.0) at levels 0.75, 0.94, 1.25, 1.31 or 1.50% of diet, respectively. Another diet with 21% CP and 3,200 ME kcal/kg served as the control group. All essential amino acids were adjusted to meet the National Research Council (1984) requirement for chicks. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Body weight of the chicks fed the low-CP diets supplemented with Met + Cys were heavier than those of the control birds. Feed conversion ratio and feed intakes were not significantly different between and among the treatment groups. Similary, abdominal fat content was not significantly different among the various treatments except that of the chicks fed the low CP diet with 1.25% Met + Cys which was higher than that of the control group. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and carcass protein content were not influenced by dietary treatments. Carcass fat content was lowest in chicks fed low CP diet with 0.75% Met + Cys and highest in the group that received 1.50% Met + Cys supplementation. Liver triglyceride increased as Met + Cys supplementation level increased. Various lipid fraction concentrations (cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipid) in the serum went up as Met + Cys increased up to 1.25% after which it levelled off. Results of this experiment suggest that it is possible to reduce dietary protein level from 21% to 17% for growing broiler chicks by the supplementation of Met + Cys when other EAA were sufficient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to identify and characterize the circular RNA expression and metabolic characteristics in the liver of Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs. Methods: Three Jinhua pigs and three Landrace pigs respectively at 70-day were slaughtered to collect the liver tissue samples. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to detect serum biochemical indicators. Total RNA extracted from liver tissue samples were used to prepare the library and then sequence on HiSeq 2500. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze sequence data to identify the circRNAs and predict the potential roles of differentially expressed circRNAs between the two breeds. Results: Significant differences in physiological and biochemical traits were observed between growing Jinhua and Landrace pigs. We identified 84,864 circRNA candidates in two breeds and 366 circRNAs were detected as significantly differentially expressed. Their host genes are involved in lipid biosynthetic and metabolic processes according to the gene ontology analysis and associated with metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Our research represents the first description of circRNA profiles in the porcine liver from two divergent phenotype pigs. The predicted miRNA-circRNA interaction provides important basis for miRNA-circRNA relationships in the porcine liver. These data expand the repertories of porcine circRNA and are conducive to understanding the possible molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA and circRNA. Our study provides basic data for further research of the biological functions of circRNAs in the porcine liver.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of food consumption monitoring using a camera-phone in a weight control program. Twenty-six female college students (>30% body fat) were randomly assigned to the camera-phone and diary (CD) group or diary (D) only group. During the 8-week weight control program, the CD group controlled their food consumption using a camera-phone, in which they took a food picture and uploaded it to the homepage. However, the D group used only a diary to record their food intake. The mean energy intake of the CD group during the program was 1451.9 kcal while that of the D group was 1524.3 kcal. The total energy intakes of both groups significantly decreased during the program. The CD group lost 5.2 kg of body weight and 3.1% body fat while the D group lost 2.2 kg of body weight and 1.1% body fat. The body weight and fat levels significantly decreased in the CD group compared to the D group. The triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels of the CD group as well as the total-cholesterol level of the D group significantly decreased during the program. The total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels both significantly decreased in the CD group compared to the D group. In this study, it was concluded that digital photography method using a camera-phone might influence weight control through trained consumption monitoring, which helps individuals reduce discrepancies between perceived and actual consumption levels.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2004

The quality characteristics of baguette bread added with water extracts of Liriopis tuber(LT) and effect of the diets containing 20% dried and powered baguette with 10% LT on the level of blood sugar and lipids in the diabetes induced rat by streptozotocin were investigated. pH of the dough added with 5∼10% LT was 5.00∼5.03 which were lower than that of control(5.12). The volume of the dough with 10% LT after 2nd fermentation was the biggest. Loaf volume index of the bread with 10% LT was significantly higher than that of control. $L^{*}$ values of outside and inside of the baguette decreased in proportion to the increase of the LT, while the $a^{*}$ values increased. Color of the bread with LT showed light dark-red. There was no significant difference in hardness, but springiness and gumminess were higher in the bread with 10% LT. Sweet taste increased, color acceptability and overall taste were enhanced by addition of LT, but it did not affect the sour and astringent taste. The overeating phenomenon showed in the diabetes rat decreased in the group fed with baguette bread with LT, while feed efficiency increased by feeding of the bread with LT. The level of glucose, neutral lipid and total cholesterol in blood were 118.92,95.47 and 37.42mg/dL in the control group, 245.60, 121.54 and 102.43 mg/dL in the diabetes control, 148.40, 103.25 and 57.63 mg/dL in the baguette diet group, respectively. There was no significant difference of HTR between control group and baguette diet group, while atherogenic index was considerably decreased, which might represent improving and preventing effects of diabetes.s.s.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 2012

Targeted therapy has been a very promising strategy of drug development research. Many molecular mechanims of diseases have been known to be regulated by abundance of proteins, such as receptors and hormones. Chemoprevention for treatment and prevention of diseases are continuously developed. Pre-clinical and clinical studies in chemoprevention field yielded many valuable data in preventing the onset of disease and suppressing the progress of their growth, making chemoprevention a challenging and a very rational strategy in future researches. Natural products being rich of flavonoids are those fruits belong to the genus citrus. Ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia peels showed anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, co-chemotherapeutic and estrogenic effects. Several examples of citrus flavonoids that are potential as chemotherapeutic agents are tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, and naringin. Those flavonoids have been shown to possess inhibition activity on certain cancer cells' growth through various mechanisms. Moreover, citrus flavonoids also perform promising effect in combination with several chemotherapeutic agents against the growth of cancer cells. Some mechanisms involved in those activities are through cell cycle modulation, antiangiogenic effect, and apoptosis induction.Previous studies showed that tangeretin suppressed the growth of T47D breast cancer cells by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. While in combination with tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-FU, respectively, it was proven to be synergist on several cancer cells. Hesperidin and naringenin increased cytotoxicitity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells. Besides, citrus flavonoids also performed estrogenic effect in vivo. One example is hesperidin having the ability to decrease the concentration of serum and hepatic lipid and reduce osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Those studies showed the great potential of citrus fruits as natural product to be developed as not only the source of co-chemotherapeutic agents, but also phyto-estrogens. Therefore, further study needs to be conducted to explore the potential of citrus fruits in overcoming cancer.