• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1697-1705
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• 2020

Meju, a type of fermented soybean paste, is used as a starter in the preparation of various Korean traditional soybean-based foods. In this study, we performed Illumina-MiSeq paired-end sequencing for microbial communities and mass spectrometry analysis for metabolite profiling to investigate the differences between 11 traditional meju products from different regions across Korea. Even though the bacterial and fungal communities showed remarkable variety, major genera including Bacillus, Enterococcus, Variovorax, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Aspergillus were detected in every sample of meju. The metabolite profile patterns of the 11 samples were clustered into two main groups: group I (M1-5) and group II (M6-11). The metabolite analysis indicated a relatively higher amino acid content in group I, while group II exhibited higher isoflavone, soyasaponin, and lysophospholipid contents. The bioactivity analysis proved that the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity was higher in group II and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity was higher in group I. The correlation analysis revealed that the ABTS activity was isoflavonoid, lipid, and soyasaponin related, whereas the FRAP activity was amino acid and flavonoid related. These results suggest that the antioxidant activities of meju are critically influenced by the microbiome and metabolite dynamics.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

According to the epidemiological studies in chromium workers, hexavalent chromium is associated with the risk of lung cancer. Cellular oxidative damages by reactive oxygen species produced by hexavalent chromium exposure may play an important role in the carcinogenesis process. We investigated the availabilities of malondialdehyde measurement for the assessments of oxidative damages from chromium exposure with an experimental inhalation study in vivo. Lipid peroxidation, one kind of cellular oxidative damage, was measured in blood plasma of the rats which inhaled the hexavalent chromium mist for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in all exposed groups were higher than those of controls with dose-dependant manner. The levels of MDA were also correlated with urine chromium levels of the rats. Therefore, MDA as an indicator of lipid peroxidation could be proper biologic marker for the assessment of the oxidative damage from chromium exposure, which might be involved in carcinogenesis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 1999

This study was designed to observe the effects of T-2 toxin on total cholesterol and lipid concentration in rat serum. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium sp. which is often found on agricultural products including cereals, and it is a causal material of liver injuries in cattle and humans. When we fed rats with standard diet treated with T-2 toxin, the body weight and feed consumption of rats treated T-2 toxin were decreased. As the results of lipid analysis, the concentrations of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in serum of treated rats were increased compared to non-fed control group, On the other hand, the levels of triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of T-2 toxin treated experimental groups were declined. In conclusion, T-2 toxin largely influenced on the total cholesterol and lipid levels in rat serum.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.744-761
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• 2022

The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic and lipidomic methodology has great sensitivity and can describe the fingerprint of metabolites and lipids in pork and beef. This approach is commonly used to identify and characterize small molecules such as metabolites and lipids, in meat products with high accuracy. Since the metabolites and lipids can be used as markers for many properties of a food, they can provide further evidence of the foods authenticity claim. Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is used to separate lipids and metabolites from meat samples. The research data usually is compared to lipid and metabolite databases and evaluated using multivariate statistics. LC-MS instruments directly connected to the metabolite and lipid databases software can be used to assess the authenticity of meat products. LC-MS has good selectivity and sensitivity for metabolomic and lipidomic analysis. This review highlighted the combination of metabolomics and lipidomics can be used as a reference for analyzing authentication meat products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2017

Background: The present study investigated the effect of ginseng berry hot water extract (GBx) on blood flow via the regulation of lipid metabolites and blood coagulation in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Sixty rats were divided into five groups in descending order of body weight. Except for the control group, the other four groups were fed a HFD containing 45% kcal from fat for 11 wk without GBx. GBx groups were then additionally treated by gastric gavage with GBx dissolved in distilled water at 50 (GBx 50) mg/kg, 100 (GBx 100) mg/kg, or 150 (GBx 150) mg/kg body weight for 6 wk along with the HFD. To investigate the effects of GBx on rats fed a HFD, biochemical metabolite, blood coagulation assay, and histological analysis were performed. Results: In the experiments to measure the serum levels of leptin and apolipoprotein B/A, GBx treatment attenuated the HFD-induced increases in these metabolites (p < 0.05). Adiponectin and apolipoprotein E levels in GBx-treated groups were significantly higher than the HFD group. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were increased in all GBx-treated groups. In the GBx-treated groups, the serum levels of thromboxane $A_2$ and serotonin were decreased and concentrations of serum fibrinogen degradation products were increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, histomorphometric dyslipidemia-related atherosclerotic changes were significantly improved by treatment with GBx. Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that GBx can ameliorate blood flow by decreasing intima-media thickness via the regulation of blood coagulation factors related to lipid metabolites in rats fed a HFD.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2021

Daphnia magna is used as target organism for environmental metabolomics. The metabolome of D. magna was studied with NMR spectroscopy. Most studies used the extract of D. magna, but the reproducibility cannot be obtained using extracted sample. In this study, lyophilized D. magna samples were analyzed with two different ¹H NMR techniques, HR-MAS on intact tissues and solution NMR on extracted tissues. Samples were measured three times using 600 MHz NMR spectrometer. Metabolite extraction required more than twice as many D. magna, but the metabolite intensity was lower in solution NMR. In the spectra of HR-MAS NMR, the lipid signal was observed, but they did not interfere with metabolite profiling. We also confirmed the effect of swelling time on signal intensities of metabolites in HR-MAS NMR, and the results suggest that appropriate swelling should be used in lyophilized D. magna to improve the accuracy of metabolite profiles.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2014

고지혈증은 체내 지질대사에 이상이 생겨 혈중의 지질이 비정상적으로 높아진 상태로서, 지질이 필요 이상으로 혈액내 존재하게 되면 혈관벽에 쌓이고 굳어지게 되면서 동맥경화증, 고혈압, 뇌졸중 등의 심혈관계 질환을 일으키기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 고콜레스테롤 식이로 고지혈증을 유도한 생쥐의 동물모델에서 복분자 추출물의 유효성분인 protocatechuic acid(PCA)를 경구 투여하여 PCA의 간손상 보호 효과와 지질 대사함량 변화를 분석함으로써 PCA의 고지혈증 치료에 대한 유의적인 임상 효과를 제시하였다. PCA의 투여는 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의한 간무게 증가, 비장무게의 증가, 흉선의 위축, 신장의 위축 등 장기무게변화에 대하여 회복 효과를 보였고, 혈청 내 간세포 손상 마커 GPT 및 GOT의 회복 효과를 나타내었으며, 혈청 내 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL, LDL의 지질대사산물의 profile에서도 유의적인 회복효과를 보였다. 특히, PCA의 투여군에서는 혈중 HDL의 농도를 정상식이군 수준으로 높이고, LDL의 농도를 크게 낮추는 효과를 나타냄으로써 HDL/LDL의 균형유지에 역할을 나타내는 것으로 보이며 이러한 효과는 simvastatin의 HDL/LDL 조절 효과와는 다른 패턴을 보이고 있다. 따라서 PCA는 단독으로 고지혈증 치료의 기능성 소재로써의 개발 가능성뿐만 아니라, 합성의약품 simvastatin 등의 스타틴계 약물의 보조제로써의 개발 가능성을 제시한다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 1995

Dissociated cell cultures from rat embryonic ventral mesencephalon were used to evaluate the mechanisms of $MPP^+$ neurotoxicity. The cells were treated with MPTP or $MPP^+$ and the viability of the cells was assessed biochemically; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, protein, intracellular ATP and lactate content and lipid peroxidation. Also the generation of the intracellular oxidants was measured after loading 2', 7‘-dichlorofluorescin diacetate to the cells. When cultures were exposed to 0.1 mM $MPP^+$, at 2 hour incubation lactate was significantly accumulated in the cells and then the intracellular ATP content and TH immunoreactivity were decreased dose- and time-dependently. But, malondialdehyde as an index for lipid peroxidation was not changed even though the generation of the intracellular oxidants was stimulated by the addition of $MPP^+$. On the other hand, 1 mM MPTP significantly reduced the TH immunoreactivity at 24 hour exposure without any change in the intracellular A TP, lactate and MDA content until 6 hour exposure. And also MPTP inhibited the generation of the intracellular oxidants from control cells and $MPP^+$ exposed cells. These results indicate that cytotoxicity of $MPP^+$ is mediated by inhibiting the mitochondrial energy metabolism rather than generating the intracellular oxidants. And MPTP would have direct action in addition to conveting to the toxic metabolite, $MPP^+$ to exert the toxicity on the dopaminergic neurons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1258-1262
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• 1999

With an attempt to elucidating the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks, thirty ducks at growing (8 weeks of age) and laying periods (10 weeks after the onset of laying) were examined, respectively. The ducks were randomly allocated into ad libitum feeding and 3-day fasting groups, to investigate their in vitro hepatocytes lipogenesis capacity and adipocytes lipolysis rate. Results indicate that (1) the capacity of hepatocytes incorporation of glucose and acetate into total lipid and metabolite of $^{14}CO_2$ production during the laying period was greater than during the growing period. Approximately 50% of the glucose or acetate converted into triacylglycerol (TG) by the hepatocytes were recovered as fatty acid during the growing period, while it was 65-70% during the laying period. (2) Acetate used for lipogenesis ability was superior to glucose in both periods. (3) The adipocytes lipolysis rate was increased significantly (p<0.05) by fasting. In contrast, the capacity of incorporated glucose or acetate into total lipid, triacylglycerol, fatty acid and glycerol by hepatocytes was reduced significantly (p<0.05) by fasting.