• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1544-1552
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• 2007

The present study evaluated the effects of isoflavone-rich bean sprout on the lipid metabolism in ethanol-treated rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, alcohol control, low soybean sprout+ethanol (low SS), high soybean sprout+ethanol (high SS) and isoflavone extract+ethanol (IE). They were fed experimental diets based on Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 40 days. Body weight, food intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of ethanol-treated groups were significantly suppressed compared with that of the normal control group. Among the ethanol-treated groups, high SS group showed in significant increase in the body weight, food intake and FER. Supplementation of isoflavone-rich soybean sprout powder or isoflavone extract significantly decreased plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), atherogenic index (AI) and increased the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to TC. Supplements also significantly decreased total lipid, TG and TC in liver tissue compared with that of alcohol control. There was a significant decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation products in IE group compared with other ethanol-treated groups. This results suggest that supplementation of isoflavone-rich bean sprout powder may exert beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in chronically alcohol-treated animals by improving lipid profiles in plasma and liver tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C supplementation and yoga practice on total antioxidant status (TEAC), lipid peroxidation, and blood lipid profiles of middle-aged women. Thirty two women ($53.34{\pm}5.08$ years old) in B city volunteered and the signed consents were received before the study. Experimental groups were normal (n=8), vitamin C intake group (n=8), yoga group (n=8), and vitamin C intake with yoga group (n=8). Total experimental period was 12 weeks. Yoga group practiced yoga 3 times a week for 12 weeks with intensity of RPE $13{\sim}15$. Each practice was 60 minutes. Vt. C group was instructed to take 1 g of Vt. C every day after dinner meal. Changes in TEAC after 12 weeks were 28.23% for the normal group, 30% for Vt. C group, 26.58% for yoga group, and 43.66% for Vt. C with yoga group; the increases in TEAC among groups were not significantly different. Serum malondialehyde (MDA) concentration of the normal group increased by 10% during 12 weeks of experiment while that for the Vt. C, yoga, and Vt. C with yoga group were significantly decreased by 25%, 32.14%, and 33.87%, respectively (p<0.05) compared with the normal group. Neither yoga, Vt. C supplementation nor combined program for 12 weeks were effective enough to change the serum lipid profiles compared with the normal group. In conclusion, Vitamin C supplementation or regular yoga practice seems to have health promoting effects of retarding the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation in middle-aged woman.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Methods: Two types of diets, with or without addition of cholesterol, were used in the study - a commercial diet and a formulated multigrain diet (with Sorghum vulgare, Avena sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana and Zea mays grains). After a 10-week period of feeding the diets to albino rats the plasma, liver and fecal lipid profiles and the hepatic and renal antioxidant status of the animals that were fed the commercial and the formulated diets (with and without cholesterol addition) were assessed. Results: The commercial diet supplemented with cholesterol elevated the levels of plasma total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as the atherogenic index (AI). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and the antioxidant profiles (total ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase reduced glutathione) declined along with increases in lipid peroxidation. The formulated diet (with and without addition of cholesterol) was found to be more efficient than the commercial diet in controlling plasma, hepatic and fecal lipid profiles, as well as hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, than of the hypercholesteremic animals. Conclusion: The multigrain diet used in the present study is effective in countering the hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused by high cholesterol intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.693-700
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of genistein, a kind of soy isoflavones, on fatty liver and lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups by dietary fat and genistein contents then raised for six weeks. The rats(n=6/group) were fed normal fat diet(NOR), high fat diet (HF), high fat with 0.1% genistein(HF+0.1%G) or high fat with 0.2% genistein(HF+0.2%G). Hepatic total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Serum GPT, as a marker for fatty liver, were significantly increased by high fat diet. Also, serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentration, hepatic lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activities were significantly increased by high fat diet. However, hepatic total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Serum GPT were significantly decreased by genistein intake. Also, genistein supplementation decreased serum total lipid, triglyceride, glucose and insulin concentration, hepatic lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activities. There were no differences by genistein level except for serum insulin. These results suggest that fatty liver induced by high fat diet was caused by increased serum lipid profiles and hepatic lipogenesis, whereas, genistein may be useful in inhibiting of fatty liver by reducing serum lipid profiles and hepatic lipogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-368
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Korean native plant diets on lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolisms and also antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210.3$\pm$2.7g were blocked into ten groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 5%(w/w) plant powder-Ssook(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis HARA), Chamchwi(Aster scaber THUNB), Gomchwi(Lingularia fischeri TUBCZ). or Solbeerum (Portulaca oleracea LINNE). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significantly lower in Cd-exposed groups, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significanlty lower in Cd-exposed groups. Plasma total lipid level, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerde concentrations, and fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were decreased by Cd administration. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Chamchwi groups together with increased fecal total lipid and triglyceride excretions. Cholesterol concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Gomchwi groups with increased fecal cholesterol excretions. Activities of red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD), and liver catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were decreased significantly by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Administration of plant diets decreased plasma and liver catalase, SOD and GSH-px activities in Cd-free diet groups and increased them in Cd-administered groups. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations were decreased in animals fed plant diets, with Chamchwi showing the most effective antioxidative capacity. The concentration of Cd accumulated in blood and tissue decreased in Cd-exposed groups fed plant diets. Liver Cd concentration were lower in the Chamchwi and Gomchwi groups, and kidney Cd levels were lower in the Ssook and Chamchwi groups. Among them, Chamchwi was the most effective in Cd detoxification. In conclusion, Chamchwi and Gomchwi were effective in lowering tissue lipid levels, with Chamchwi having the greatest antioxidative and detoxifying effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.819-827
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 50% buckwheat diet on the body weight, organ weight, urine albumin, urine glucose, plasma glucose and plasma lipid in normal rats and diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin(STZ). The food intake, body weight, the level of urine glucose in diabetic buckwheat groups were not significantly different with diabetic control group. The level of urine albumin was lower in raw and steam buckwheat group than in the diabetic control group. Compared to the normal control group, liver and kidney weights were heavier in the diabetic groups. Pancreas weight was heavier diabetic buckwheat groups than in normal and diabetic control groups. Fasting plasma glucose level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 18-37% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride level of diabetic buckwheat groups significantly decreased by 34-50% compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma total cholesterol level of diabetic buckwheat groups decreased by 15-27% compared with the diabetic control group. The level of HDL-cholesterol was not affected by buckwheat diet. These results indicate that buckwheat is an effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1191-1200
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• 1999

This study was designed to determine total lipid and trans fatty acids(tFAs) content of 157 food items commonly consumed in the Korean diet and to prepare the database for the estimation of tFAs intake in Koreans. Total lipid and tFAs content was determined by Bligh and Dyer method and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The content of tFAs in margarines ranged from 0.8% to 25.2%, depending on the manufacturers. In bakery products, cakes contained higher levels of tFAs(0.8~16.9%) than hamburgers(0.8~8.4%) and doughnuts(4.9~10%). The distribution of tFAs in crackers and cookies was wide(0.8~25%), whereas meat and fish products contained 0% to 8.9% of tFAs. Fried chickens had 0% to 14.6% of tFAs and French fries had 5.2% to 18.8% of tFAs. In noodles, nuts, chocolates and fermented fish sauces, tfAs were not detected.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1999

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cholesterol and fiber on liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed diet containing three levels(0%, 5% and 10%) of cellulose and pec-tin respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding period. Net weight gain and feed ef-ficiency ratio were increased in 10% fiber groups as compared to those of 5% fiber groups. Feed intake did not show significancy by fiber kinds and levels. Liver and kidney weights tended to be decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Heart weight was lowered in 10% fiber groups as compared to that of 5% fi-ber groups. Liver triglyceride concentration was significantly increased in pectin groups. Total-free-cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in liver were significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiver. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased in 5% cellulose group. the results indicate that 10% pectin may have beneficial roles in hypercholester-olemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.781-788
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• 1997

This present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 5 % chicory extract on serum glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). The experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups. : No-fiber , cellulose, insulin, and chicorygroup. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 4 weeks. The food intake and food efficiency ratio in chicory group was significantly higher than in no-fiber, cellulose, and inulin groups. The reduction of body weight was also significantly lower. The wet weights of cecum and cecal contents were significantly increased in rat fed chicory extract. Total glycated hemoglobin was significantly decreased by chicory extract feeding whereas serum total cholesterol . LDL-choelsterol, and HDL-choelsterol levels were significantly increased. But there were no differences between HDL-choesterol/total cholesterol ratios, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and atherogenic index. After 10 -hour fast, the levels of hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid were significantly higher in the chicory group than any in other groups. These results indicated that chicory extract is an effective therapeutic regimen for control of metabolic deragements in diabetics.