• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate effect of feeding fermented hulless barley (FHB) on growth performance and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Forty-five pigs (LYD; initial body weight, $30.33{\pm}0.05kg$) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments that consisted of 0, 0.5 and 1.0% of the FHB in the basal diets. The pigs fed 0.5% FHB showed higher average daily gain than the 0 and 1% FHB treatments, although there was not significant among the treatments. Similarly, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not different among the treatments. Blood white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were ranged to reference values, but not difference among the treatments. Serum glucose was increased in the control compared with 0.5 and 1.0% FHB. However, parameters related to protein, lipid and mineral also were not different among the treatments. These results indicate the FHB has no significant effect of growth performance and metabolizable responses in growing-finishing pigs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2000

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a cholesterol diet (Control group) or cholesterol diets supplemented with the water-extracted of leaves from Morus alba (MA group) or Cudrania tricuspidata (CT group) at the level of 1% for 2 weeks. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the CT group and was also lower in the MA group than in the control group. The liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group, but not significantly different between the CT group and the control group. The concentration of phospholipid in serum was an increasing tendency in the MA group and was a decreasing tendency in the CT group compared to that in the control group. Body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, the concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in liver, and the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and glucose in serum were not significantly different among dietary groups. These results suggest that the water-extracted from leaves of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata exerts a hypotriglycerolemic effect in the cholesterol-fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of several minerals from dietary mineral premix on growth and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of fish Initially averaging 4.2 g were fed one of the ten experimental diets. Korean rockfish muscle and casein as protein sources were used in the basal diet, and deleted one of each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Se or all) in the control mineral premix, Weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention in fish fed the diet not containing mineral premix were significantly lower than those in fish fed other diets (P<0.01). Weight gain in fish fed the diets deleted each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Hg, Fe, K, Mn or Se) was lower than that of control diet (P<0.01), Feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed the diets deleted each of P, Ca, Zn or Mn were lower than those ot control diet (P<0.01). Daily feed intake and lipid retention were not affected by dietary mineral premixes ( P>0.01). Proximate analysis and mineral contents in the whole body, muscle, liver or bone of fish fed the diets deleted each mineral were not different to control diet ( P>0.01). The data obtained in this study indicate that each of the P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn or Se is essential for normal growth of Korean rockfish.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet composition on serum leptin and lipids profiles in rats. At the baseline, seven 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, male, were sacrificed and the remaining rats were divided into five groups and each group was fed one of the following five dietary regiments for 2 weeks and 6 weeks;the control diet AIN76(CAL, n=2l), high-carbonhydrate(rice)(HCR, n=2l), high-carbohydrate(flour)(HCF, n=2l), high-fat(corn oil)(HFO, n=2l), high-fat(beef tallow)(HFB, n=2l). Serum leptin was determined by a double antibody ELISA assay at the baseline(n=7), 6 week(n=35) and 10 week of age(n=70). At 6 weeks of age, the increase in the Food Efficiency Ratio(FER) was related to adipocyte hyperplasia in rats on HFB diets. The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol increased significantly in HFB group, and decreased in HFO group compared to control group. The HFC group showed significant increase in serum triglyceride level compared with control group. After 2 weeks and 6 weeks, noticeably high increases in epididymal adipose tissue fat cell mass and numbers were observed with the HFB fed group. Serum leptin levels increased as body weight increased over the period of time(4weeks; 1.50$\pm$0.13ng/ml versus 10weeks; 2.08$\pm$-.13ng/ml). And this result shows that there are 193% higher in rats fed high fat-beef tallow diet than the control diet. Serum leptin levels of the HFB group(4.01$\pm$0.39mg/ml) were significantly higher than that of the HFO(2.06$\pm$0.5613ng/ml), CAL(2.08$\pm$0.1313ng/ml), HCR(2.41$\pm$0.2113ng/ml) and HCF(2.80$\pm$0.4713ng/ml) at p<0.05. The serum leptin concentration was positively correlated with the amount of epididymal fat pads(r=0.47 p<0.01), serum triglyceride(r=0.49, p<0.001), tatal cholesterol(r=0.48, p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol(r=0.58, p<0.001), atherogenic index(r=0.67, p<0.001), and inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol(r=-0.65, p<0.001). In conclusion, the changes in composition of dietary fat and carbohydrate intake could affect changes in concentration of serum lipids and leptin. Especially, the high-fat diet with animal fat source could increase circulating leptin level. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 123-131, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1985

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on serum lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 52.7 ${\pm}$ 7.27g were devided into sevel groups by completely randomized block design and fed various dietary fibers which were prepared from Rice bran, Siraegi (The dried green parts of a radish) and Bracken Fern at a level of 5% and 10% respectively. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight gains were not significantly different among the groups and food intake was significantly higher in rats fed a diet of Siraegi 10% than those fed the control diet. 2. Fecal wet weights were significantly increased in all experimental groups. 3. Levels of serum total cholesterol in all experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group except the level in the R 10(Rice bran 10%) group. 4. Free Cholesterol levels in the serum were increased in all experimental groups, especially the levels in the R 10 (Rice bran 10%) and S 10 (Siraegi 10%) groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. 5. Ester Cholesterol levels in the serum were significantly lower in rats fed the experimental diets than those fed the control diet. 6. There was a tendency of higher serum HDL-Cholesterol levels in R5 (Rice bran 5%), R10 (Rice bran 10%) and B5(Bracken 5%) groups compared to the control group however no significant differences were found between the control group and all the experimental groups except in the case of the S5 (Siraegi 5%) group. 7. LDL, VLDL-Cholesterol levels in the serum sere significantly reduced in the S5 (Siraegi 5%), B5 (Bracken 5%) and B10 (Bracken 10%) groups. 8. The HDL-C./Total-C. Ratio was increased in all experimental group especially the Ratios in the S5 and B5 groups were significantly higher than that of the control group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

Effects of high fat diet and/or endurance exercise training on hepatic total and phospholipid(PL) fatty acid compositions were evaluated in rats fed one of the following diets for 31 days. control diet(CD, 5 wt% corn oil) or high fat diet(HFD, 35 wt% corn oil). Half of the rats in each group were exercise-trained regularly on a treadmill for 90 minutes/day during the entire feeding period. Total and PL fatty acid compositions of hepatic lipid extracts were determined by a gas-liquid chromatograph),. Endurance exercise training did not change the daily food intake, but significantly reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio of rats, which were most prominent in animals fed HFD. Exercise training did not significantly change the percentages of ∑saturated fatty acids (SFA) and ∑polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUEA), but decreased the percentage of ∑monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) in hepatic total fatty acids, which might be associated with the decrease in (equation omitted) 9-desaturation index of hepatic total fatty acid metabolism. Exercise training significantly lowered the percentages of 16 : 0 and 22 : 5$\omega$3, and increased the percentages of 20 : 1 and 20 : 3$\omega$3 in both total and PL fatty acid compositions in rat liver. Both total fatty acid and PL fatty acid compositions of rat liver responded more sensitively to changes in dietary fat content than to endurance exercise training in this study. Feeding HFD, whoch contains high level of linoleic acid(LA, 18 : 2$\omega$6), significantly decreased the percentages of ∑SFA and $\Sigma$MUFA, and increased the percentages of ∑PUFA and ∑$\omega$6 fatty acids of hepatic total fatty acids. Hepatic total fatty acid composition was affected by dietary fat content and dietary fatty acid composition more sensitively than those found in hepatic PL fatty acid composition. HFD significantly decreased most of desaturation indices, while exercise training significantly decreased elongation index(20 : 5$\omega$3⇒22 : 5$\omega$3) of hepatic total and PL fatty acid metabolism in rats. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 13-22, 2000)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1996

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the utilization of various types of fish meal as dietary protein sources in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). In the first experiment, averaging 5.7 g fish were divided into two groups and fed one of diets containing $55\%$ steam-dried white fish meal (SWFM) or $55\%$ brown fish meal (BFM) for 45 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency from fish fed SWFM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those from fish fed BFM diet. However, daily feed intake, protein retention and lipid retention were not influenced by the two different diets. In the second experiment, averaging 86.6 g fish were divided into six groups and fed one of diets containing $56\%$ SWFM, $28\%\;SWFM+31\%$ flame-dried white fish meal (FWFM), $62\%\;FWFM,\;28\%\;SWFM+31\%\;BFM,\;56\%\;BFM$, or $28\%\;SWFM+29\%$ hydrolyzed fish protein (HFP) for 21 weeks. No significant differences were found among fish fed the six different diets in weight gain, feed efficiency, condition factor, whole body composition, and relative liver weight. Results of the present studies indicated that fish size should be considered in selecting feed ingredients and also feed cost could be lowered by replacing SWFM with FWFM or BFM in growing Korean rockfish diet.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 1996

A 15-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency from 2 different formulated diets on growth, feed efficiency and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Duplicate groups of the 30 fish averaging 25 g were fed the control diet containing $58\%$ fish meal and the experimental diet containing $40\%$ fish meal, $10\%$ meat meal, $3\%$ corn gluten meal, $3\%$ soybean meal, and $3\%$ blood meal as protein sources at different feeding frequencies of 2 times daily, once a day in the morning or afternoon, once in 2 days, or given no food. Growth and feed efficiency of the fish were affected by diets (P<0.05), whereas these values were unaffected by feeding frequencies (P>0.05). Feed intake (${\%}$ of body wt.) of the fish fed once in 2 days was lower than that of the fish fed 2 times daily and once a day (P<0.05), Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents of liver and muscle were not influenced by different diets and feeding frequencies (P>0.05). These results indicate that once a day or once in 2 days feeding regimen must be more effective and economical than that of 2 times daily for juvenile Korean rorkfish.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate extruded pellets(EP) for the growth of sub-adult flounder Paralichthys olivaceus by comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet(MP). Two replicate groups of 150 fish per each tank(initial mean weight $594{\pm}6.5g$) were fed one of two EPs(EP1 and EP2) and a MP for 32 weeks. Survival was not significantly affected by experimental diets. Final mean weight of fish fed the EP1 was not significantly different from that of fish fed the MP, but that of fish fed EP2 was significantly lower than that of fish fed EP1 and MP (P<0.05). Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the EP1 and EP2 were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP(P<0.05). Daily feed intake of fish fed the EPs was significantly lower than that of fish fed MP(P<0.05). Condition factor was not significantly different among all groups. The contents of moisture, crude protein and lipid in dorsal muscle were significantly affected by experimental diets(P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, the dietary formulations used in EP1 and EP2 could be applied in the practical extruded pellet feeds for sub-adult flounder(594-1,126 g).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.