• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.607-612
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• 2007

Early cost estimation promote efficient budget plan by comparing alternatives and presenting cost information However it is hard to predict accurate cost because of vague cost standard and lack of available information in the early stage. The precious cost model has limitations in the accuracy because they are simple linear model which uses the unit cost per kilometer. This study presents the framework of early cost estimation for road construction projects to overcome the limitation of previous cost model. This study analyzed domestic and foreign cost model and cost data of previous road construction project to present method of cost model framework.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.658-665
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• 2013

While the chirp signal is extensively used in radar and sonar systems for target decision in wireless communication systems, it has not been widely used for positioning in indoor environments. Recently, the IEEE 802.15.4a standard has adopted the chirp spread spectrum (CSS) as an underlying technique for low-power and low-complexity precise localization. Chirp signal based ranging solutions have been established and deployed but their ranging performance has not been analyzed in multipath environments. This paper presents a ranging performance analysis of a chirp signal and suggests a method to suppress multipath error by using a type of non-linear chirp signal. Multipath ranging performance is evaluated using a conventional linear chirp signal and the proposed non-linear chirp signal. We verify the feasibility of both methods using two-ray multipath model simulation. Our results demonstrate that the proposed non-linear chirp signal can successfully suppress the multipath error.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2017

In recent days, the Non-Linear Editing is mainly used in the field of broadcasting. In comparison to conventional editing, Non-Linear Editing can immediately access the image of the desired position and facilitate the insertion and deletion of video frame. Furthermore, it directly apply a title and transition effect to video frame. Moreover, it has an advantage of preview and easy modification in title effect, transition and editing prior to export. However, students who learn Non-Linear Editing first time are not easy to learn it. In this paper, we propose a new learning model based on Reciprocal Peer Teaching (RPT), which helps NLE beginners to understand Non-Linear editing more clearly. We divide the students into two groups i.e. control group and experimental group. The control group students do not apply proposed method while experimental group performs evaluation over our model. Furthermore, we carry out the experiments, which include the overall average of the two groups, academic achievement of students with low grades, standard deviation, T-test and satisfaction surveys. The experimental group shows the superiority in performed experiments and higher satisfaction ratings than the control group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2005

Many data sets obtained from surveys or medical trials often include missing observations. When these data sets are analyzed, it is general to use only complete cases. However, it is possible to have big biases or involve inefficiency. In this paper, we consider a method for estimating parameters in logistic linear models involving non-ignorable missing data mechanism. A binomial response and normal exploratory model for the missing data are used. We fit the model using the EM algorithm. The E-step is derived by Metropolis-hastings algorithm to generate a sample for missing data and Monte-carlo technique, and the M-step is by Newton-Raphson to maximize likelihood function. Asymptotic variances of the MLE's are derived and the standard error and estimates of parameters are compared.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2001

An experimental method to investigate the dynamic characteristics of buoys in extreme environmental condition is established. Because the buoy model requires a resonable size for accurate experiment, the test condition in model basin that satisfies the similarity law is hardly compatible with capability of test facilities. It is suggested that the linear wave component that is unable to satisfy similarity is separated with others. The model experiment is carried out with mitigated condition for the linear wave components while others including wave drift, current and wind are keeping the similarities. Then, the result can be extrapolated to give the dynamic behavior of buoys n extreme condition because linear wave component is solely responsibly to oscillatory buoy motion and other environmental components are applied as a initial tension. The similarity for current and wind conditions is viewed as equivalence of restoring forces. The validity of proposed method is examined with different types of standard ocean buoys and it indicates that the linearity of measured characteristics is assured with a limitation of resonable distance between test and estimated wave conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.208-215
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• 2001

An experimental method to investigate the dynamic charasteristics of buoys in extreme environmental condition is established. Because the buoy model requires a resonable size for accurate experiment, the test condition in model basin that satisfies the similarity law is hardly met with capability of test facilities. It is suggested that the linear wave component that is unable to satisy similarity is separated with others. The model experiment can be carried out with mitigated condition for the linear wave components while others including wave drift, current and wind are keeping the similarities. Then the result is extrapolated to give the dynamic behavior of buoys in extreme condition because linear wave component is soley responsible to oscillatory buoy motion and other environmental components are applied as a initial tension. the similarity for current and wind conditions is viewed as equivalence of restoring forces. the validity of proposed method is examined with different types of standard ocean buoys and it indicates that the linearity of measured characteristics is assured with a limitation of resonable distance between test and estimated wave conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

The paper focuses primarily on the standard linear multiple regression model where the parameter of interest is a ratio of two regression coefficients. The general model includes the calibration model, the Fieller-Creasy problem, slope-ratio assays, parallel-line assays, and bioequivalence. We provide an orthogonal transformation (cf. Cox and Reid (1987)) of the original parameter vector. Also, we give some remarks on the difficulties associated with likelihood based confidence interval.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

The original Bates-Watts framework applies only to the complete parameter vector. Thus, guidelines developed in that framework can be misleading when the adequacy of the linear approximation is very different for different subsets. The subset curvature measures appear to be reliable indicators of the adequacy of linear approximation for an arbitrary subset of parameters in nonlinear models. Given the specific mean shift outlier model, the standard approaches to obtaining test statistics for outliers are discussed. The accuracy of outlier tests is investigated using subset curvatures.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

Purpose: This study assessed the accuracy of linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs taken at different positions in vitro. Materials and Methods: Two acrylic models were fabricated from a cast with normal occlusion. Straight and $75^{\circ}$ mesially and lingually angulated pins were placed, and standardized panoramic radiographs were taken at standard position, at an $8^{\circ}$ downward tilt of the occlusal plane compared to the standard position, at an $8^{\circ}$ upward tilt of the anterior occlusal plane, and at a $10^{\circ}$ downward tilt of the right and left sides of the model. On the radiographs, the length of the pins above (crown) and below (root) the occlusal plane, total pin length, crown-to-root ratio, and angulation of pins relative to the occlusal plane were calculated. The data were subjected to repeated measures ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons tests. Results: Significant differences were noted between the radiographic measurements and true values in different positions on both models with linear (P<0.001) and those with angulated pins (P<0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed between the angular measurements and baselines of the natural head posture at different positions for the linear and angulated pins. Conclusion: Angular measurements on panoramic radiographs were sufficiently accurate and changes in the position of the occlusal plane equal to or less than $10^{\circ}$ had no significant effect on them. Some variations could exist in the pin positioning (head positioning), and they were tolerable while taking panoramic radiographs. Linear measurements showed the least errors in the standard position and $8^{\circ}$ upward tilt of the anterior part of the occlusal plane compared to other positions.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2006

In this paper, we have presented a Sequential Agglomerative Hierarchical Nested (SAHN) algorithm-based data clustering method in fuzzy inference system to achieve optimal performance of fuzzy model. SAHN-based algorithm is used to give possible range of number of clusters with cluster centers for the system identification. The axes of membership functions of this fuzzy model are optimized by using cluster centers obtained from clustering method and the consequence parameters of the fuzzy model are identified by standard least square method. Finally, in this paper, we have observed our model's output performance using the Box and Jenkins's gas furnace data and Sugeno's non-linear process data.