• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.36-36
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• 1996

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2008

This paper proposes a novel approach to shadow detection from a single natural image regardless of orientation and type of light sources. This approach is based on the assumption that shadow brightness changes linearly, and the axiom that a region cast shadow on is darker than that not having shadow under the same environment. Firstly, candidates for shadow are extracted by preprocessing. Then, they are quantized to replace the similar values with a representative value because of the more quantization steps of a pixel brightness, the higher linear independency among the neighboring pixels. Finally, shadows are detected according to linear independency of shadow brightness based on the assumption. The experimental results showed the proposed approach can robustly detect umbra as well as self-shadow and penumbra cast on a single-colored background.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2015

A fundamental problem in analyzing complex multilevel-structured periodontal data is the violation of independency among the observations, which is an assumption in traditional statistical models (e.g., analysis of variance and ordinary least squares regression). In many cases, aggregation (i.e., mean or sum scores) has been employed to overcome this problem. However, the aggregation approach still exhibits certain limitations, such as a loss of power and detailed information, no cross-level relationship analysis, and the potential for creating an ecological fallacy. In order to handle multilevel-structured data appropriately, mixed effects models have been introduced and employed in dental research using periodontal data. The use of mixed effects models might account for the potential bias due to the violation of the independency assumption as well as provide accurate estimates.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1353-1359
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• 2019

It is presented in this paper that the static output feedback (SOF) pole-assignment problem of some linear time-invariant systems can be completely resolved by parametrization in real Grassmann space. For the real Grassmannian parametrization, the so-called Plucker matrix is utilized as a linear matrix formula formulated from the SOF variable's coefficients of a characteristic polynomial constrained in Grassmann space. It is found that the exact SOF pole assignability is determined by the linear independency of columns of Plucker sub-matrix and by full-rank of that sub-matrix. It is also presented that previous diverse pole-assignment methods and various computation algorithms of the real SOF gains for 2-input, 2-output, 4^th order systems are unified in a deterministic way within this real Grassmannian parametrization method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.45.5-45
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• 2002

In this paper, a quasi-deadbeat minimax estimation (QME) is proposed as a new class of time-domain parameter estimations for deterministic generic linear models. Linearity, quasi-deadbeat property, FIR structure, and independency of the initial parameter information will be required in advance, in addition to a new performance criterion of a worst case gain between the disturbances and the current estimation error. The proposed QME is obtained in a closed form by directly solving an optimization problem. The QME is represented in both a batch form and an iterative form. A fast algorithm for the suggested estimation is also presented, which is remarkable in view...

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 1996

Constructing an initial basis is an important process in the simplex method. An initial basis greatly affects the number of iterations of iterations and the execution time in the simplex method. The purpose of this paper is to construct a good initial basis. First, to avoid linear dependency among the chosen columns, an enhanced Gaussian elimination method and a method using non-duplicated nonzero elements are developed. Second, for an order to choose variables, the sparsity of the column is used. Experimenal results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of iterations and the execution time compared with Bixby's method by 12%.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.645-652
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• 2006

In this paper a new type of filter, called the $H_2/H_{\infty}$ FIR filter, is proposed for discrete-time state space signal models. The proposed filter requires linearity, unbiased property, FIR structure, and independence of the initial state information in addition to the performance criteria in both $H_2$ and $H_{infty}$ sense. It is shown that $H_2,\;H_{\infty}$, and $H_2/H_{\infty}$ FIR filter design problems can be converted into convex programming problems via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with a linear equality constraint. Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed FIR filter is more robust against temporary uncertainties and has faster convergence than the conventional IIR filters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2019

Hysteretic energy is defined as energy dissipated through inelastic deformations during a ground motion by the system. It includes frequency content and duration of ground motion as two remarkable parameters, while these characteristics are not seen in displacement spectrum. Since maximum displacement individually cannot be the appropriate criterion for damage assessment, hysteretic energy has been evaluated in this research as a more comprehensive seismic demand parameter. An innovative methodology has been proposed to establish a new equivalent linear model to estimate hysteretic energy spectrum for bilinear SDOF models under two different sets of earthquake excitations. Error minimization has been defined in the space of equivalent linearization concept, which resulted in equivalent damping and equivalent period as representative parameters of the linear model. Nonlinear regression analysis was carried out for predicting these equivalent parameter as a function of ductility. The results also indicate differences between seismic demand characteristics of far-field and near-field ground motions, which are not identified by most of previous equations presented for predicting seismic energy. The main advantage of the proposed model is its independency on parameters related to earthquake and response characteristics, which has led to more efficiency as well as simplicity. The capability of providing a practical energy based seismic performance evaluation is another outstanding feature of the proposed model.

• MALSORI
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• no.52
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• pp.111-120
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• 2004

This paper focuses on the DSP implementation of an HMM-based speech recognizer that can handle several hundred words of vocabulary size as well as speaker independency. First, we develop an HMM-based speech recognition system on the PC that operates on the frame basis with parallel processing of feature extraction and Viterbi decoding to make the processing delay as small as possible. Many techniques such as linear discriminant analysis, state-based Gaussian selection, and phonetic tied mixture model are employed for reduction of computational burden and memory size. The system is then properly optimized and compiled on the TMS320C6711 DSP for real-time operation. The implemented system uses 486kbytes of memory for data and acoustic models, and 24.5 kbytes for program code. Maximum required time of 29.2 ms for processing a frame of 32 ms of speech validates real-time operation of the implemented system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1997

A theoretical and numerical investigation on the boundary-layer flow over a two- or three-dimensional hill is presented. The numerical model is based on the finite volume method with boundary-fitted coordinates. The k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with modified wall function and the low-Reynolds-number model are employed. The hypothesis of Reynolds number independency for the atmospheric boundary-layer flow over aerodynamically rough terrain is confirmed by the numerical simulation. Comparisons of the mean velocity profiles and surface pressure distributions between the numerical predictions and the wind-tunnel experiments on the flow over a hill show good agreement. The linear theory provides generally good prediction of speed-up characteristics for the gentle-sloped hills. The flow separation occurs in the hill slope of 0.5 and the measured reattachment points are compared with the numerical prediction. It is found that the k- $\varepsilon$ turbulence model is reasonably accurate in predicting the attached flow, while the low- Reynolds-number model is more suitable to simulate the separated flows.ows.