• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2005

최근 들어 리모델링시장이 점차 신축시장의 대체시장으로 부각되고, 재건축아파트에 대한 안전진단의 문제가 사회의 주요 관심사가 되면서 기존 콘크리트 구조체의 상태에 대해 체계적이고 과학적인 구조물 진단 및 평가가 요구되고 있으며, 비파괴 시험방법에 의한 콘크리트 압축강도를 추정하기 위한 데이터의 신뢰성에 대한 중요성이 점점 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선 타격 개념의 반발도 시험기를 적용하여 콘크리트 압축강도 추정의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 방안을 모색하고, 재령 및 타격각도에 따라 선 타격 반발도 시험기에 적용할 수 있는 압축강도 추정식을 제안하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 선 타격 반발도 시험기는 재령별, 타격각도별로 별도의 추정식을 제안하는 것이 콘크리트 압축강도 추정의 신뢰성을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 것으로 나타났으며, 압축강도와 반발도 사이의 상관관계는 초기 및 중기재령, 그리고 타격각도별로 초기재령 $-45^{\circ}$를 제외한 모든 부분에서 선 타격 반발도 시험기 25mm가 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 기존의 슈미트해머에 비해 콘크리트 압축강도 추정의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있는 방안이 될 것으로 분석되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1994년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 9th (KACC) ; Taejeon, Korea; 17-20 Oct. 1994
• /
• pp.721-724
• /
• 1994

This paper proposes a continuous hitting by a flexible link hammer. This hammer system is used only the first mode of vibration for a desired hitting. The input of the hammer driver for a continuous hitting is obtained from numerical solutions of two sets of non-linear simultaneous equations which satisfy the hitting conditions. Being too complicated, these numerical calculations are not useful for online processing. Therefore, the multi-layered neural networks are applied to the generation of the input patterns of the hammer driver. The trained network outputs agree well to the numerical solutions.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.75.2-75.2
• /
• 2014

We have developed a set of daily solar flare peak flux forecast models using the multiple linear regression (MLR), the auto regression (AR), and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. We consider input parameters as solar activity data from January 1996 to December 2013 such as sunspot area, X-ray flare peak flux, weighted total flux $T_F=1{\times}F_C+10{\times}F_M+100{\times}F_X$ of previous day, mean flare rates of a given McIntosh sunspot group (Zpc), and a Mount Wilson magnetic classification. We compute the hitting rate that is defined as the fraction of the events whose absolute differences between the observed and predicted flare fluxes in a logarithm scale are ${\leq}$ 0.5. The best three parameters related to the observed flare peak flux are as follows: weighted total flare flux of previous day (r=0.5), Mount Wilson magnetic classification (r=0.33), and McIntosh sunspot group (r=0.3). The hitting rates of flares stronger than the M5 class, which is regarded to be significant for space weather forecast, are as follows: 30% for the auto regression method and 69% for the neural network method.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.671-680
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 실제 경기에서 프로 배구선수 스파이크 서브의 성공과 실패 동작을 3차원 영상분석을 통해 비교 분석하여 과학적인 자료를 현장에 제공하고, 기술의 향상에 기여하고자 실시하였다. 스파이크서브를 수행하는 3명을 대상으로 카메라 4대를 이용하여 60 fields/s의 속도로 촬영하였다. 3차원좌표의 계산은 DLT(Direct Linear Transformation)방법을 사용하였으며, Kwon3D(v.3.1) 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 총 소요시간은 구간별 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 신체중심 수직위치는 성공 시 1.87 m로 실패 시의 1.91 m 보다 낮게 나타났고, 최대 볼 높이는 성공 시 6.31m로 실패 시의 6.42m 보다 낮은 볼 위치를 나타냈다. 임팩트 시점의 손 높이는 성공과 실패 시기에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 점프하기 직전까지 신체중심의 전후속도를 높였다가 점프하는 시점에서 수직속도로 빠르게 이동시키는 것으로 나타났고, 임팩트 시 손 속도(17.11m/s)와 임팩트 직후 볼 속도(23.74m/s)는 성공 시기에서 빠르게 나타났다. 성공 시기에서 견관절을 신전시키면서 타점을 놀게 하고, 주관절은 적절한 각도를 유지시키면서 빠르고 정확한 임팩트를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 동체를 전후로 크게 움직이지 않고 어깨의 회전을 원활하게 하는 것이 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle according to sweep shot in ice hockey. The subjects of this study were five professional ice hockey players. The reflective makers were attached on anatomical boundary line of body. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and ice hockey stick were defined. 1. In three dimensional linear velocity of blade the Y axis showed maximum linear velocity almost impact, the X axis(horizontal direction) and the Z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of blade did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting puck. 2. The resultant linear velocity of each segment of right arm showed maximum resultant linear velocity at impact. It could be suggest that the right arm swing patterns is kind of push-like movement. therefore the upper arm is the most important role in the right arm swing. 3. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in flexion-extension showed flexion all around the wrist shot. The angular displacement of trunk in internal-external rotation showed internal rotation angle at the backswing top and and increased the angle after the impact. while there is no significant adduction-abduction. 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk showed most important role in wrist shot. and is follwed by shoulder joints, in addition the movement of elbow/wrist joints showed least to the shot. this study result showed upperlimb of left is more important role than upperlimb of right.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.677-687
• /
• 2016

야구 타자의 능력을 측정하는 많은 세이버메트릭스 통계량들 중에서 WAR은 미국프로야구에서 가장 많이 사용하는 통계량이다. 그러나 한국프로야구 자료에는 수비에 관련된 변수에 포함된 야구장 요인, 포지션조정 그리고 리그 조정 통계량들이 존재하지 않으므로 WAR을 한국프로야구에 적용하는 데에는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 타자의 능력을 측정하는 대안적인 세이버메트릭스 통계량을 제안하여 미국프로야구 뿐만 아니라 한국프로야구에서도 동시에 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 타자력 지수 모형은 한국프로야구와 미국프로야구 타자들에 대한 다섯 종류의 통계량을 사용하여 개발한다. 우선 2015년도 최소 규정 타석을 만족한 미국프로야구 타자들의 자료를 바탕으로 타자력 지수 모형을 개발한다. 미국프로야구 타자들의 WAR과 비교하면서 본 연구에서 제안한 타자력 지수의 능력의 타당성을 검토한다. 다음으로 이 모형을 2015년도 한국프로야구 자료에 적용하여 한국형 타자력 지수를 제안한다. 한국프로야구 타자력 지수를 서로 다른 팀별, 나이별, 포지션별로 통계적으로 분석하고, 타자력 지수와 그들의 연봉과의 선형관계성을 토론한다. 연봉에 관한 회귀모형의 신뢰영역을 바탕으로 연봉책정의 적절함에 따라 46명의 타자를 세 그룹으로 할당하고, 세 그룹에 속한 연봉을 다양한 인자에 대하여 통계적으로 탐색한다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.287-301
• /
• 2023

Hockey games attracts many fans around the world. This game requires a specific type of ball and a stick for controlling the motion and trace of the ball. This control of motion involves hitting the ball which is a direct intensive dynamic loading. The impact load transferred directly to the hand of the player and in the professional player may cause long term medical problems. Therefore, dynamic motion of the stick should be understood. In the current study, we analyze the dynamic motion of a hockey stick under impact loading from a hockey ball. In doing so, the stick geometry is simplified as a beam structure and quasi-2D relations of displacement is applied along with classical linear elasticity theory for isotropic materials. The governing equations and natural boundary condition are extracted using Hamilton's principle. The final equations in terms of displacement components are solved using Galerkin's numerical method. The results are presented using indentation and contact force values for variations of different parameters.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2004

This study was to evaluate the consistency of the vertical force($F_z$) of the force platform and the impact force. Two experiments were performed. First, the force platform was vertically placed to hang to the wall. While the rotating iron body hit the force platform, $F_z$ was measured. Then $F_z$ was compared with the impact force of the rotating iron body that was precalculated by using the inertia moments and the rotating force. Second, six Taekwondo masters punched the force platform to show what a certain pattern the impart force has. They were asked to punch the target depending on target distances. The target distances were differed from the relative arm segment of subjects as 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% (100% target distance equals the aim length of each subject). Pearson's correlations were used between $F_z$ and the impact force. Also the linear regression was also performed to show the linearity. At the first experiment, $F_z$ and the impact force had much correlations and showed linear characteristics. Therefore, $F_z$ could be regarded as the impact force. At the second experiment, the strongest impact force was measured at the target distance of 80% and the time taken to the maximum impact force was within 0.02 seconds. The result of this study recommends that it can help the comparative study between the impact forces and other hitting sports.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle during One Hand Backhand Stroke and Two Hand Backhand in tennis. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and racket head direction were defined. 1. In three dimensional maximum linear velocity of racket head the X axis and Y axis(horizontal direction) showed $-11.04{\pm}2.69m/sec$, $-9.31{\pm}0.49m/sec$ before impact, the z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of racket head did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting ball. It could be suggest that Y axis velocity of racket head influence on ball direction and z axis velocity influence on ball spin after impact. The stance distance between right foot and left foot was mean $75.4{\pm}5.86cm$ during one hand backhand stroke and $72.6{\pm}4.67cm$ during two hand backhand stroke. 2. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in interna rotation-external rotation showed most important role in backhand stroke. and is follwed by flexion-extension. the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk did not show significant difference between one hand backhand stroke and two hand backhand stroke but the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk was bigger than one hand backhand stroke. 3. while backhand stroke, the flexion-extension and adduction-abduction of right shoulder joint showed significant different between one hand backhand stroke and two hand backhand stroke. the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of right shoulder joint showed more flex and abduct in one hand backhand stroke. 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of left shoulder showed flexion, adduction, and external rotation at impact. after impact, The angular displacement as adduction-abduction of left shoulder changed motion direction as abduction. angular displacement of left shoulder as flexion-extension showed bigger than the right shoulder.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.161-173
• /
• 2005

Recently among several tennis techniques forehand stroke has been greatly changed in the aspect of spin, grip and stance. The most fundamental factor among the three factors is the stance which consists of open, square and closed stance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle according to open stance patterns during forehand stroke in tennis. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVlEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and racket head angle were defined 1. In three dimensional maximum linear velocity of racket head the X axis showed $11.41{\pm}5.27m/s$ at impact, not the Y axis(horizontal direction) and the z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of racket head did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting ball It could be suggest that Y axis velocity of racket head influence on ball direction and z axis velocity influence on ball spin after impact. the stance distance between right foot and left foot was mean $74.2{\pm}11.2m$. 2. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of shoulder joint showed most important role in forehand stroke. and is followed by wrist joints, in addition the movement of elbow joints showed least to the stroke. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of racket increased flexion/abduction angle until the impact. after impact, The angular displacement of racket changed motion direction as extension/adduction. 3. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in flexion-extension showed extension all around the forehand stroke. The angular displacement of trunk in adduction-abduction showed abduction at the backswing top and adduction around impact. while there is no significant internal-external rotation 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of hip joint and knee joint increased extension angle after minimum of knee joint angle in the forehand stroke, The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of ankle joint showed plantar flexion, internal rotation and eversion in forehand stroke. it could be suggest that the plantar pressure of open stance during forehand stroke would be distributed more largely to the fore foot. and lateral side.