• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2015

In this paper, the results of evaluating the passenger comfort due to the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical and lateral direction regarding the ship response in irregular wave by ordinary strip method in regular wave and energy spectrum using linear superposition theory in order to evaluate the motion of experimental ship are as follows. According to the results of ship response, it was possible to find that, in order to reduce the motion of ship, a ship operating in bow sea was more stable than in quartering sea. In the results of analyzing the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical direction according to each component wave pattern, when there was a wave length of 56m and an average wave period of 6 sec, most of cases showed the peak value. And among them, the standard deviation was 0.35 which was the highest in head sea. And in case of lateral direction, the maximum value was shown in a wave length of 100m and an average wave period of 8 sec. And it was 0.16 in beam sea and ${\chi}=150^{\circ}$. In the evaluation of passenger comfort due to standard acceleration in vertical and lateral direction, it was 80% in head and bow sea. On the other hand, it was shown to be 15% in follow sea. Accordingly, when the expected wave height in a sea area where a training ship was intended to operate was known, it was possible to predict the routing of ship. And altering her course could reduce the passenger comfort by approximately 50%.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호통권66호
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• pp.475-487
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• 2003

본 연구는 선형탄성 파괴역학적 방법을 사용하여 피로 손상을 평가할 수 있는 해석모델을 개발하는데 있다. 트럭 한 대가 교량상부를 통과할 때 부재에 발생하는 응력이력을 블록하중이라 정의하고 하중상호작용효과를 설명하는 균열닫힘 모델 이론을 적용한다. 블록하중에 대해 사하중 응력과 균열개구응력을 고려하여 응력범위빈도해석을 수행하였다. 여기서 구한 응력범위빈도분포에 확률적 방법을 적용하여 응력범위빈도분포의 확률분포 파라미타를 추 정하였다. 확률분포의 확률변수를 발생시키는 Monte Carlo Simulation 실행을 하여 파괴블럭수와 확률분포를 구한다. 이로부터 부재의 파로파괴가 발생하지 않는 피로신뢰성을 계산한다. 또한 파괴블럭수를 일평균 트럭교통량으로 나누면 예상잔존수명을 구할 수 있다. 제안된 피로신뢰성 해석모델을 사용하여 강상자형교 가로보와 수직보강개의 용접부에 피로신뢰성 해석을 수행 한 결과, 피크해석방법 결과와 잔존수명이 3.8% 정도 차이가 있었다. 이는 제안된 모델이 균열닫힘 현상이나 균열지연 형상을 고려하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.231-253
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• 2013

The impact of spar-nacelle-blade coupling on edgewise dynamic responses of spar-type floating wind turbines (S-FOWT) is investigated in this paper. Currently, this coupling is not considered explicitly by researchers. First of all, a coupled model of edgewise vibration of the S-FOWT considering the aerodynamic properties of the blade, variable mass and stiffness per unit length, gravity, the interactions among the blades, nacelle, spar and mooring system, the hydrodynamic effects, the restoring moment and the buoyancy force is proposed. The aerodynamic loads are combined of a steady wind (including the wind shear) and turbulence. Each blade is modeled as a cantilever beam vibrating in its fundamental mode. The mooring cables are modeled using an extended quasi-static method. The hydrodynamic effects calculated by using Morison's equation and strip theory consist of added mass, fluid inertia and viscous drag forces. The random sea state is simulated by superimposing a number of linear regular waves. The model shows that the vibration of the blades, nacelle, tower, and spar are coupled in all degrees of freedom and in all inertial, dissipative and elastic components. An uncoupled model of the S-FOWT is then formulated in which the blades and the nacelle are not coupled with the spar vibration. A 5MW S-FOWT is analyzed by using the two proposed models. In the no-wave sea, the coupling is found to contribute to spar responses only. When the wave loading is considered, the coupling is significant for the responses of both the nacelle and the spar.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2024

Following an internal column failure, adjacent double-span beams above the failed column will play a critical role in the load transfer and internal force redistribution within the remaining structure, and the span-to-depth ratios of double-span beams significantly influence the structural resistance capacity against progressive collapse. Most existing studies have focused on the collapse-resistant performances of single-story symmetric structures, whereas limited published works are available on the collapse resistances of multi-story steel frames with unequal spans. To this end, in this study, numerical models based on shell elements were employed to investigate the structural behavior of multi-story steel frames with unequal spans. The simulation models were validated using the previous experimental results obtained for single- and two-story steel frames, and the load-displacement responses and internal force development of unequal-span three-story steel frames under three cases were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the specific contributions of the different mechanism resistances of unequal-span, double-span beams of each story were separated quantitatively using the energy equilibrium theory, with an aim to gain a deeper level of understanding of the load-resistance mechanisms in the unequal-span steel frames. The results showed that the axial and flexural mechanism resistances were determined by the span ratio and linear stiffness ratio of double-span beams, respectively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1055-1067
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 교량과 차량을 3차원으로 모델링하고, 교량의 노면조도 및 교량과 차량 사이의 상호작용력을 고려하여 이동차량이 교량올 통과할 때 교량의 선형 동적해석을 수행할 수 있는 해석방법을 제시하였다. 교량의 노면조도는 평균값이 영인 정상확율분포로 가정한 지수 스팩트럴 밀도(PSD)를 사용하여 생성시켰다. 이 때 지수 스팩트럴 밀도는 양호한 도로에 대하여 C.J. Dodds와 J.D. Robson이 제안한 PSD값을 사용하였다. 차량은 트럭과 트랙터-트레일러를 각각 7-자유도와 12-자유도를 갖는 3차원차량으로 모델링하였고, 차량의 운동방정식은 Lagrange 방정식을 사용하여 유도하였다. 교량은 주형을 보요소로 이상화시키고 콘크리트 바닥판을 쉘요소로 이상화시켰으며 주형과 콘크리트 바닥판을 Rigid Link로 연결하여 3차원으로 모델링하였다. 차량의 운동방정식은 Newmark ${\beta}$법을 사용하고 교량의 운동방정식은 모우드 중첩법을 사용하여 풀었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 해석방법의 타당성을 검토하기 위하여 "AASHO Road Test"에서 실시한 단순 강합성교의 실험결과와 본 연구에서 제시한 해석적인 방법으로 구한 값을 비교하였다. 해석 결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 해석적인 방법으로 구한 값과 실험값이 매우 잘 일치하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2022

Water-resisting key stratum (WKS) between coal seams is an important barrier that prevents water inrush from goaf in roof under multi-seam mining. The occurrence of water inrush can be evaluated effectively by analyzing the fracture of WKS in multi-seam mining. A "long beam" water inrush mechanical model was established using the multi-seam mining of No. 2+3 and No. 8 coal seams in Xiqu Mine as the research basis. The model comprehensively considers the pressure from goaf, the gravity of overburden rock, the gravity of accumulated water, and the constraint conditions. The stress distribution expression of the WKS was obtained under different mining distances in No. 8 coal seam. The criterion of breakage at any point of the WKS was obtained by introducing linear Mohr strength theory. By using the mechanical model, the fracture of the WKS in Xiqu Mine was examined and its breaking position was calculated. And the risk of water inrush was also evaluated. Moreover, breaking process of the WKS was reproduced with Flac3D numerical software, and was analyzed with on-site microseismic monitoring data. The results showed that when the coal face of No. 8 coal seam in Xiqu Mine advances to about 80 m ~ 100 m, the WKS is stretched and broken at the position of 60 m ~ 70 m away from the open-off cut, increasing the risk of water inrush from goaf in roof. This finding matched the result of microseismic analysis, confirming the reliability of the water inrush mechanical model. This study therefore provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of water inrush from goaf in roof in Xiqu Mine. It also provides a method for evaluating and monitoring water inrush from goaf in roof.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

어군의 분포밀도와 초음파산란강도의 관계를 검토하기 위하여, 50kHz의 주파수에서 net cage (농망)에 분포밀도가 기지인 어군을 수용하고, 어군밀도의 변화에 기인하는 echo energy의 변동을 고찰하고, 또 cage 실험에 의해 추정한 어체의 평균적인 반사강도와 개개의 어체를 대상으로 구한 평균반사강도를 상호 비교, 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. cage 실험에 의한 붕어의 평균반사강도는 -41.9dB로서, 이 값은 현장에서 개개의 붕어(마취어, 평균체장 19.1cm)를 대상으로 측정한 평균반사강도 -42.6dB보다 0.7dB 더 컸다. 2. cage내에 수용한 어군의 분포밀도가 증가함에 따라, 어군에 의한 평균체적산란강도는 직선적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 어군밀도가 7, 13, 20, 26, 39, 52, 66 마리/m 상(3)였을 때, 각각의 어군에 의한 평균체적산란강도는 -33.0, -28.9, -27.6, -24.3, -25.1, -23.6, -22.1dB이었다. 3. 어군밀도 $\rho(마리/m$ 상(3))와 평균체적산란강도 (dB)와의 사이에는 다음의 관계식이 성립하였다. =-41.9+11.0 $Log(\rho),$ r=0.97 이 식에 회귀직선의 기울기 11은 이론적인 값 10에 거의 근사하였다.