• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.597-608
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• 2020

규모 5 이상의 경주지진과 포항지진이 발생한 이후에도 한반도 남동부에서는 여전히 수백 건의 여진과 미소 지진이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 응력이 계속 작용하고 있다는 것을 의미하며, 또 다른 큰 지진이 발생할 수도 있음을 암시한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한반도 남동부 포항-울산지역의 심부 지질구조를 분석하기 위해 중력장 해석 방법을 사용하였다. 먼저 연구지역의 부족한 중력 데이터를 수집하기 위해, 중력 탐사를 시행하여 기존 자료보다 정밀한 부게 중력이상을 계산하였다. 중력이상 데이터를 바탕으로 역산 방법인 "곡률 분석 (Curvature analysis)"과 "오일러 곱풀기 방법(Euler deconvolution method)"을 이용하여, 한반도 남동부의 심부 단층의 위치 및 방향성과 최대 깊이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구지역에는 최소 6개의 심부 단층(C1~C6)이 존재하는 것으로 해석된다. 심부 단층선 C1은 방향성과 위치가 연일구조선과 일치하는 것으로 보아, 연일구조선이 최대 약 4000m 깊이까지 이어져 있는 것으로 해석된다. 심부 단층선 C2는 여러 개의 분절된 단층들로 이루어져 있으며, 지표의 단층들과 잘 대비된다. 심부 단층선 C3, C4와 C5는 북서-남동 방향의 울산단층과 평행한 방향성을 가지는 것으로 분석되며, 초기 백악기에 남북 방향의 응력을 받아 형성되었으나 퇴적물에 덮여 지표에 드러나지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 심부 단층선 C6는 북동-남서 방향성을 가지며, 어일분지의 동쪽 경계단층이 심부로 이어져 있는 것으로 사료된다. 분석한 심부 단층선과 미소 지진 발생 현황을 대비한 결과, 심부 단층선 C1과 2018년~2019년 동안 한반도 남동부에서 발생한 미소 지진의 분포가 대략 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 심부에 존재하는 단층과 최근 발생하는 지진이 연관이 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.275-278
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• 2005

This study has focused on manufacturing technique of powder injection molding of watch case which made from zirconia powder. A series of computer simulation process was applied to prediction of the flow pattern in the inside of the mould and defects as weld line. The material properties of melted feedstock inclusive of the PVT graph and thermal viscosity flowage properties were measured for obtaining the input data in computer simulation. Also, molding experiment was conducted and the results of experiment showed that good agreement with simulation results far flow pattern and weld line location. On the other hand, gravity and inertia effect have an influence on velocity of melt front because of high density of ceramic powder particles in powder injection molding against the polymer injection molding process. In the experiment, the position of melt front was compared with upper gate and lower gate position. The gravity and inertia effect could be confirmed in the experimental results.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2022

한쪽 방향으로 연장된 이상체를 멀리 떨어져서 관측하면 선형 이상체로 근사가 가능하다. 이런 경우 자력 및 자력 변화율 텐서를 적용하기 위해서는 선형 이상체에 대한 해석해가 필요하다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 선형 이상체에 대한 자력과 자력 변화율 텐서 반응식을 유도하였다. 벡터 자력은 기존에 유도한 선형 이상체에 대한 중력 변화율 텐서를 포아송 관계식을 이용하여 벡터 자력으로 변환하여 유도하였다. 자력 변화율 텐서는 벡터 자력를 기준 직교 좌표계의 성분으로 한번 더 미분하여 유도하였다. 시추공에서 얻은 총자력 탐사 자료를 가정하고, 선형 이상체의 길이, 방향, 자력 모멘트를 비선형 역산 방법으로 추정하는 사례를 보여주었다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2019

Recently, IoT researches using sensor data based on embedded networks in various fields including healthcare and sports have been continuously attempted. This study analyzes golf ball mobility to support IoT application in golf sports field. Generally, since the difference in density occurs due to the condition of the inner material and the abnormal state at the time of the outer skin joining during the manufacturing of the golf ball, the weight of each subset is equal for any two points with the same radius in the sphere cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, the deflected weight of the sphere has the undesirable effect of hitting the ball in a direction in which the weight of the ball is heavy. In this study, it is assumed that there is a unique center of gravity of the ball, and even if the golf ball cannot be manufactured perfectly, it wants to establish the basic principle to accurately recognize or mark the putting line based on the center of gravity. In addition, it is evaluated how the mobility of the golf ball with a deviation from the center of gravity of the golf ball affects the progress path (or movement direction) and the moving distance (or carry distance) after the golfer hits. The basic model of the mobility of the golf ball can help the golfer exercise model and the correlation analysis. The basic model of the mobility of the golf ball can help the golfer exercise model and the correlation analysis.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

In order to predict thermodynamic performance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method to measure the oil concentration is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. However, it is Quite necessary to estimate oil concentration without any extraction of the working fluid. In this study a new method and working equation is presented as follows. It is based on the measurement of spedific gravity and temperature : $$C=a+b{\times}t+c{\times}t^2+(d+e{\times}t+f{\times}t^2){\times}SG$$ C is oil concentration, t is temperature($^{\circ}C$), SG is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients. The oil concentration ranges over 0~12 wt% and the temperature ranges over $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/POE oil oiquid mixtures.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1987

The gravity measurement has been conducted at 69 points with an interval of about 1km along the national road between Masan and Busan through Kimhae to study on the subsurface geology and structure of Kyongsang basin. The Bouguer gravity anomalies were obtained from the observed gravity values, and interpreted by means of the Fourier-series method and Talwani method for 2-dimensional body. The depth of Conrad discontinuity is about 14.8km at the west end of survey line, and increases smoothly to about 13.6km at the east end. But it is uplifted by about 500m between Yangsan and Dongnae faults. The depth of the basement of Kyongsang basin is about 4.8km at the west end. It decreases gradually passing Masan, and reaches the maximum depth of 5.6km at the 15km east of Masan. Hereafter, it starts to increase to 4.3km at the east end. It is also uplifted by about 500m between Yangsan and Dongnae faults. The Bulgugsa granites which cause two low Bouguer gravity anomaly zones are distributed in the vicinity of Masan at depth of about 3.5km and Kimhae area at depth of about 5.3km. Diorite, granodiorite, aplite, and felsite are distributed with various depth of about 1~1.7km, and Jusasan andesitic rocks, except porphyritic one located at the west of Kimhae, are distributed with depth of about 1km. Three fracture zones associated with faults are located at the places where v-shaped Bouguer gravity anomalies are appeared.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.267-272
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• 2007

Uiseong subbasin belonging to Kyungsang basin resulted from volcanic activity in the late Cretaceous. In this study, we carry out MT and gravity survey at the Hwasan caldera, which was formed of volcanic and abyssal rocks complex, then analyze and identify geological substructure. Potential survey such as gravity and magnetic survey has been mainly carried out in former studies, so depth information for understanding substructure was not enough. To complement a potential survey, we use MT method, which has high vertical resolution. Moreover we make a simple 2D model comparing with former study. The result of MT and gravity 2D modeling shows that this area is roughly composed of 3 layers; The bottom layer is a basement. In the second layer, intrusive rocks having high resistivity is placed along the ring faults and the sedimentary layer of low resistivity is inside caldera. The highest layer is alluvium. To comprehend the 3D structure of the Hwasan caldera, we perform 3D gravity inversion, and construct the 3D model from the result of 3D gravity inversion. MT responses are calculated by using the constructed 3D model and the 3D model of the Hwasan caldera's structure is suggested after comparing the calculated values with the observed values at MT line.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2893-2912
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• 2013

The design of geometrically invariant watermarking is one of the most challenging work in digital image watermarking research area. To achieve the robustness to geometrical attacks, the inherent characteristic of an image is usually used. In this paper, a geometrically invariant image watermarking scheme using connected objects and gravity center is proposed. First, the gray-scale image is converted into the binary one, and the connected objects according to the connectedness of binary image are obtained, then the coordinates of these connected objects are mapped to the gray-scale image, and the gravity centers of those bigger objects are chosen as the feature points for watermark embedding. After that, the line between each gravity center and the center of the whole image is rotated an angle to form a sector, and finally the same version of watermark is embedded into these sectors. Because the image connectedness is topologically invariant to geometrical attacks such as scaling and rotation, and the gravity center of the connected object as feature points is very stable, the watermark synchronization is realized successfully under the geometrical distortion. The proposed scheme can extract the watermark information without using the original image or template. The simulation results show the proposed scheme has a good invisibility for watermarking application, and stronger robustness than previous feature-based watermarking schemes against geometrical attacks such as rotation, scaling and cropping, and can also resist common image processing operations including JPEG compression, adding noise, median filtering, and histogram equalization, etc.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1567-1575
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• 2006

In an automatic combination weigher, the line feeders distribute the product to several weighing hoppers. The ability to supply appropriate amount of product to the weighing hoppers for each combination operation is crucial for the overall performance. Determining the right duration of operating a line feeder to supply a given amount of product becomes very challenging in case of products which are irregular in volume or specific gravity such as granular secondary processed foods. In this research, several schemes were investigated to determine the best way for a line feeder to approximate the next operating time in order to supply a set amount of irregular goods to the corresponding weighing hopper. Results obtained show that a weighted least squares method (WLS) employing 10 data points is the most effective in determining the operating times of line feeders.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.1309-1313
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a novel guidance law for controlling an UAV(Unmanned Air-Vehicle) to follow a reference line in vertical plane. A kinematics model representing the relative motion of the UAV to the reference line is derived. And then LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator) theory is applied to the model to derive the VLFG(Vertical Line Following Guidance) law. The resultant guidance law forms a gain-scheduling controller scheduled by a simple parameter $\sigma$ which is a function of the UAV's velocity, axial acceleration, gravity, and the slope of the reference line. Also derived is a stability condition for the $\sigma$ variation based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that the proposed guidance law can be applied effectively to UAV guidance algorithm design.