• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2021

The controversy over the risk of the human body being affected by electromagnetic fields emitted from 60 Hz power lines continues without end. There are currently no new studies or research progress being made in this direction that is notable, and the number of civil complaints is gradually increasing. The problem is that each study produces different results, among which the effect of exposure to magnetic fields on childhood leukemia is a major one. In Korea, an electrician who was maintaining a 22.9 kV power line died of leukemia, which has recently been recognized as an occupational disease. Methods to reduce magnetic fields from power lines include shielding with wire loops, incorporating split phases and compaction techniques, installing underground power lines, converting to high-voltage direct current (HVDC), and increasing the ground clearance of transmission towers. Depending on whether a separate power supply is needed or not, there are two types of wire loops: passive loop and active loop. Magnetic field reduction is currently done through underground power lines; however, the disadvantage of this process is high construction costs. Installing passive loops, with relatively low construction costs, leads to lower magnetic field reduction rates than installing underground cables and a weakness to not solving the landscape problem. This methodological study aims at designing methods and reducing the effects of 2-wire set loops-the simplest and most practical. Since the method proposed in this study has been designed after analyzing the distribution of complex electromagnetic fields near the expected loop installation location, a practical design can be implemented without the need for any difficult optimization programming.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

Objectives of this study were to identify the hotspot for displacement of the on-line water quality sensors, in order to detect illicit discharge of untreated wastewater. A total of twenty-six water quality parameters were measured in sewer networks of the industrial complex located in Daejeon city as a test-bed site of this study. For the water qualities measured on a daily basis by 2-hour interval, the self-organizing maps(SOMs), one of the artificial neural networks(ANNs), were applied to classify the catchments to the clusters in accordance with patterns of water qualities discharged, and to determine the hotspot for priority sensor allocation in the study. The results revealed that the catchments were classified into four clusters in terms of extent of water qualities, in which the grouping were validated by the Euclidean distance and Davies-Bouldin index. Of the on-line sensors, total organic carbon(TOC) sensor, selected to be suitable for organic pollutants monitoring, would be effective to be allocated in D and a part of E catchments. Pb sensor, of heavy metals, would be suitable to be displaced in A and a part of B catchments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2021

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), is a major menace to cast off TB worldwide. Line probe assay (LPA; GenoType MTBDRplus ver. 2) and Xpert MTB/RIF assays are two rapid molecular TB detection/diagnostic tests. To compare the performance of LPA and Xpert MTB/RIF assay for early diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear-positive and negative sputum samples. Methods: A total 576 presumptive AFB patients were selected and subjected to AFB microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF assay and recent version of LPA (GenoType MTBDRplus assay version 2) tests directly on sputum samples. Results were compared with phenotypic culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST). DNA sequencing was performed with rpoB gene for samples with discordant rifampicin susceptibility results. Results: Among culture-positive samples, Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in 97.3% (364/374) of AFB smear-positive samples and 76.5% (13/17) among smear-negative samples, and the corresponding values for LPA test (valid results with Mtb control band) were 97.9% (366/374) and 58.8% (10/17), respectively. For detection of RR among Mtb positive molecular results, the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and LPA (after resolving discordant phenotypic DST results with DNA sequencing) were found to be 96% and 99%, respectively. Whereas, specificity of both test for detecting RR were found to be 99%. Conclusion: We conclude that although Xpert MTB/RIF assay is comparatively superior to LPA in detecting Mtb among AFB smear-negative pulmonary TB. However, both tests are equally efficient in early diagnosis of AFB smear-positive presumptive RR-TB patients.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2022

The galloping of iced conductors has long been a severe threat to the safety of overhead transmission lines. Compared with normal transmission lines, the ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission lines are more prone to galloping, and the damage caused is more severe. To control the galloping of UHV lines, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of galloping characteristics. In this paper, a large-span 1000-kV UHV transmission line in China is taken as a practical example where an 8-bundled conductor with D-shaped icing is adopted. Galerkin method is employed for the time history calculation. For the wind attack angle range of 0°~180°, the galloping amplitudes in vertical, horizontal, and torsional directions are calculated. Furthermore, the vibration frequencies and galloping shapes are analyzed for the most severe conditions. The results show that the wind at 0°~10° attack angles can induce large torsional displacement, and this range of attack angles is also most likely to occur in reality. The galloping with largest amplitudes in all three directions occurs at the attack angle of 170° where the incoming flow is at the non-iced side, due to the strong aerodynamic instability. In addition, with wind speed increasing, galloping modes with higher frequencies appear and make the galloping shape more complex, indicating strong nonlinear behavior. Based on the galloping amplitudes of three directions, the full range of wind attack angles are divided into five galloping regions of different severity levels. The results obtained can promote the understanding of galloping and provide a reference for the anti-galloping design of UHV transmission lines.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.369-376
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• 2021

인공지능(AI) 기술의 발전에 따라 많은 분야에서 인공지능 활용 방안에 대한 논의가 활발하게 일어나고 있으며 교육 분야에서도 인공지능 인재 양성을 위한 각종 정책이 추진되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능 기술을 활용한 로봇 프로그래밍 프레임워크를 제안하고 이를 기반으로 머신러닝(Machine Learning) 분야에서 높은 빈도로 활용되는 파이썬(Python)과 교육 현장의 활용도가 높은 교육용 로봇을 활용하여 인공지능(AI) 교육 프로그램을 제안하였다. 국제자동차공학회(SAE)에서 제시하는 자율주행자동차 수준(0~5단계)을 4단계로 단순화하고 이를 기반으로 로봇에 부착된 카메라가 선(객체)을 인지(Perception)하고 검출(Object detection)하여 스스로 움직일 수 있는 라인 디텍터(Line Detector)를 만드는 것을 목표로 하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 단순히 특정 프로그래밍 언어를 활용하여 주어진 문제를 해결하는 정형화된 형태가 아니라 생활 속의 복잡하고 비구조화된 문제를 자기주도적으로 정의하고 인공지능(AI) 기술을 기반으로 해결하는 경험을 가지는데 그 의의가 있다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.939-958
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• 2011

Ezra Pound has an idea of poetry as a field of energy in which words interact with each other with kinetic energy. The energy field which Pound creates in his poem is analogous to the theory of electromagnetism developed by Michael Faraday and James Maxwell, who look upon the space around magnets, electric charges and currents not as empty but as filled with energy and activity. Pound argues that "words are charged with force like electricity," demonstrating that words charged with their own images or energies of positive or negative valence interact one another. This idea is similar to Faraday's concept of "line of force" which he used to represent the disposition of electric and magnetic forces in space. Pound's concept of "image" as an "intellectual and emotional complex in an instant" is remarkably consonant with the confluence of electric and magnetic fields that are coupled to each other as they travel through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. The instant profusion of conception and perception, much like that of electric and magnetic fields, enables Pound to move beyond the sequential and linear hierarchy in time and space. Particularly, Maxwell's stunning discovery that the electromagnetic waves propagate in space at 'the speed of light' has allowed Pound a relativistic sense of escape from the limitations of Newtonian absolute time and space. Pound's poetry transcends any geographical space and sequential time by rendering and juxtaposing images simultaneously. Pound was fully aware of light and electricity fundamental to what he called his world "the electric world." Pound's experiments in Imagism and Vorticism can be considered an attempt to rediscover a place for poetry in the modern world of science and technology. Almost all the appliances that we think of today as modern were laid down in the closing decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, in response to the availability of electromagnetic energy. This paper explores how Pound responded to the age of modern technology and science, examining his conception of "image" through his many analogies and similes drawn from electromagnetism. Pound's imagist poetics and poetry come to embody, not only the characteristics of the electric age in the early twentieth century, but the principles of electromagnetism the electric age is based upon.

• 영어영문학
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.307-333
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• 2007

When W. E. B. Du Bois says that "the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line," such a statement clearly recognizes the significance of the issue of racial identity, a cultural phenomenon called 'passing.' Both Johnson in The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man and Larsen in Passing confront this issue. Both novels, using the metaphor of passing, not only trace the racial anxiety and race politics of the time but also expose the unstable landscape of the established social and cultural boundaries of racial identity. Mapping out multiple meanings and various dimensions of passing, this paper argues how Johnson's and Larsen's narratives display the ambivalence of color line while they at the same time complicate, problematize, and destabilize the mainstream racial boundaries and differences. It furthers to delineate how the two writers, with difference, deal with the problem of passing, the significance of racial identity, and black middle class values along with its intraracial differences. Rather than draw a clear definition of and a definitive closure on passing narrative, this paper focuses on its complexities and undecidability, challenging every dimension of its established significations. It also explores the complex dynamic between passing act and individual identity, for passing here is not just a racially signified term but extends its significance to the other factors of identity, such as class and even sexuality. Johnson and Larsen open up a site for a newly emergent, modern racial identity for black middle class in the twentieth century American urban spaces. Both writers, illuminating the subversive and slippery nature of language in their passing narrative, clearly herald new, different forms of Afro-American writings and themes for the different century they face.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2014

베트남 북부 네안(Nghe An)성 뀌 펑(Que Phong)에서 북서쪽으로 약 30 km 떨어진 칠 레(Tri Le) 일대를 대상으로 토양지구화학탐사를 수행하였다. 200 m 23 line, 300 m 10 line 228개 토양지구화학탐사 결과를 바탕으로 총희토류(TREO) 함량이 높은 격자점을 대상으로 정밀 피트탐사를 수행하여 총 7개 피트에서 토양 75개를 채취하였다. 조사지역의 지질은 반 찌응(Ban Chieng) 흑운모 화강암 복합체와 화강암질 편마암이 석영 편암과 대리암으로 구성된 반캉(Ban Kang)층을 관입하고 있다. 본 역의 주요 광화작용은 주석, 루비, 그리고 화강암 복합체의 주변부 변질대에 분포하고 있는 것으로 사료되는 함희토류 모나자이트와 제노타임의 산출이 특징적이다. 토양지구화학탐사에서 채취한 토양시료에 대하여 희토류원소의 화학성분을 ICP-MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 배경토양의 총희토류 함량이 지각 평균의 약 2배를 초과하고 있으며, 중희토류(약 2배)와 경희토류(약 1.5배)가 모두 부화되어 있다. 정밀 피트탐사에서 채취한 토양시료에 대하여 희토류원소의 화학성분을 ICP-MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 7개 피트중 단지 격자점 1-10번 피트에서만 희토류 광체로 추정되는 풍화받은 화강암 노두를 인지하였다. 토양지구화학탐사 및 정밀 피트탐사를 종합적으로 고찰한 결과, 칠레(Tri Le) 지역은 희토류에 대해서 유망하지 않은 지역으로 잠정적으로 고려되었다. 2014년에는 2011-2012년 조사지역으로 선정된 뀌 차우(Quy Chau)의 희토류 광화대 연장광체 발견을 목표로 토양지구화학 탐사를 수행할 계획이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-68
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• 1983

From the economic point of view the fishing port is the complex of installations on land, organized to serve the fishing fleet and its cargo, and is the main link in the production chain of all components of the fishing industry, with the aim of achieving the planned targets with the minimum cost. Fishing port investment decisions have had significant impact on the development aims of Korean fisheries. Fishing port investments in Korea are made mostly by public or semipublic port authorities. Such investments should be judged not purely on the basis of financial profitability but rather on the extent to which they serve the development aims of the fishing industry. This makes the economic appraisal process more complex and presents certain problems in correctly quantifying the economic costs and benefits of the fishing port projects. This study concentrates more on the theoretical economic appraisal models than on the purely financial aspects of fishing port investments and points out the difference between the two approaches. In the result, there is clearly an element of judgment as to whether or not a shadow price needs to be used in estimating economic benefits and costs. From this viewpoint, some attempts are made to provide definitions of the possible economic benefits and costs, and methods for estimating and evaluating them in Part III and IV. Especially queueing theory is applied in the calculation of economic benefits. When a project is contemplated and analysis shows it to Lave a positive NPV, one question that arises is whether it should be implemented now or delayed. In this paper, the first year rate of return method is regarded as a more concise way of solving the timing of investment, At the end of Part IV, risk analysis of fishing port investments is considered. It can be handled in a number of ways, ranging from informal judgment to complex statistical analyses involving large-scale computer models, This paper recommends that evaluators of fishing port investments use the sensitivity analysis indicating exactly how much NPV will change in response to a given change in an input variable, other things held constant. Decisions regarding the amount of capacity to provide must be made in fishing port investments. Providing too much service would involve excessive capital costs. On the other hand, not providing enough service capacity would cause the waiting line of fishing vessels to become excessively long at times. Therefore, in Part V, the optimal number of berths and berth productivity in fishing port are defined as follows: Minimize E(TC) ＝ E(WC)＋E(SC) The minimum of this function is the solution and that is the optimal number of berth and berth productivity in fishing port.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1547-1553
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• 2018

Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of hyaluronic acid, which is abundant in the extracellular matrix and cumulus oocyte complex. To investigate the activity of recombinant bovine sperm hyaluronidase 1 (SPAM1) and determine the effect of the Asn-X-Ser/Thr motif on its activity, the bovine SPAM1 open reading frame was cloned into the mammalian expression vector pCXN2 and then transfected to the HEK293 cell line. Expression of recombinant bovine hyaluronidase was estimated using a hyaluronidase activity assay with gel electrophoresis. Recombinant hyaluronidase could resolve highly polymeric hyaluronic acid and also caused dispersal of the cumulus cell layer. Comparative analysis with respect to enzyme activity was carried out for the glycosylated and deglycosylated bovine sperm hyaluronidase by N-glycosidase F treatment. Finally, mutagenesis analysis revealed that among the five potential N-linked glycosylation sites, only three contributed to significant inhibition of hyaluronic activity. Recombinant bovine SPAM1 has hyaluronan degradation and cumulus oocyte complex dispersion ability, and the N-linked oligosaccharides are important for enzyme activity, providing a foundation for the commercialization of hyaluronidase.