• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2016

다양한 산업에서 드론의 활용 가능성이 높아지는 추세에 따라 무인기 관련 법 개정에 대한 요구가 커지고 있다. 그러나 현재 드론은 조종사의 비행 조건 및 운용 범위가 엄격하게 제한되고 가시 환경 하에서만 운용이 가능하므로, 택배 등의 산업에는 활용이 어렵다. 따라서 다양한 산업에서의 드론 활용 가능성을 높이기 위해서는 위치정확도 향상은 물론이고, 무인기의 충돌을 방지하고, 위험요소를 회피하기 위한 적절한 보호수준(Protection Level)을 계산하는 것이 필수적이다. 보호수준을 포함한 무결성 정보는 SBAS(Satellite Based Augmentation Systm) 시스템을 이용한 보강항법 수행을 통해 산출할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 GPS(Global Positioning System) 단독측위가 가지는 한계를 보완할 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 LAAS(Local Area Augmentation System) 착륙 카테고리별 결심고도를 기준으로 드론의 비행고도를 설정하여, GPS 단독측위와 SBAS 보강항법 수행 시의 하루 중 항법수행 가능 시간의 비율을 비교하는 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2014

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a thin and pliable tissue with many advantages for tongue reconstruction. However, tongues reconstructed with RFFF occasionally need revision surgery because inadequate defect measurement at primary surgery can lead to bulkiness and limited movement of reconstructed tongue. In this case, the patient underwent partial glossectomy and RFFF reconstruction for treatment of tongue cancer five years prior. We could not make a lower denture for the patient, because the alveolo-lingual sulcus of tongue was almost lost. So we performed vestibuloplasty with a modified Kazanjian method on the lingual vestibule of the mandibular right posterior area, and defatting surgery to debulk the flap. After surgery, we observed that the color and texture of the revised tongue changed to become similar with adjacent tissue. The patient obtained a more functional and esthetic outcome. Accordingly, we present a case report with a review of relevant literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2016

Purpose: Acute respiratory infection, particularly pneumonia, is the most common cause of hospitalization and death among children in developing nations. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of children and adolescents with pneumonia who visited Emergency Department (ED) in South Korea in 2012. Methods: We analyzed National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) records from 146 EDs in South Korea for all pediatric patients aged ${\leq}18years$ who were diagnosed with pneumonia between January and December 2012. Results: Among 38,415 subjects, the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.8. Patients aged <12 months comprised 18.0% of the study population; those aged 1 to 3 years, 54.4%; those aged 4 to 6 years, 16.8%; those aged 7 to 12 years, 7.4%; and those aged 13 to 18 years, 3.4%. Presentation rates were highest in April, followed by January, March, and May. The hospital admission rate was 43.5%, of which 2.6% were in intensive care units. The mortality rate was 0.02%. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnostic codes, the types of pneumonia according to cause were viral pneumonia (29.0%), bacterial pneumonia (5.3%), Mycoplasmal pneumonia (4.5%), aspiration pneumonia (1.3%), and pneumonia of unknown origin (59.3%). Conclusion: Despite the limited data due to the ED data from the NEDIS lacking laboratory results and treatment information, this study reflects well the outbreak patterns among children and adolescents with pneumonia. Our results provide a basis for future studies regarding ED treatment for children and adolescents with pneumonia.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.543-566
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• 2016

This article examines the Annulment Procedure of ICSID Arbitration Award. Although the ICSID annulment procedure is not substantially different from arbitration procedure, it does have certain unique features. Article 52 of the Convention provides that the application for annulment must be made within 120days after the date on which the award was rendered. ICSID Arbitration Rule 50, in turn, stipulates that a request for annulment of a award must: i)be addressed in writing to the Secretary-General; ii)identify the award to which it relates; iii)indicated the date of the application; and iv)state in detail the grounds for annulment on which it is based. The grounds for annulment are limited to those in Article 52(1) of the Convention. With respect to the possibility of waiving the right to annulment in advance, commentators are divided. Some authors admit the possibility of agreements eliminating the right to request annulment. Other authors, instead, have taken the position that parties cannot waive their right to annulment in advanced because no provision in the Convention allows the parties to do so, and thus the right to request annulment is inalienable. In accordance with Article 52(4), annulment decisions must comply with the requirements for awards stipulated in Article 48. Therefore; i)the committee decide questions by majority; ii)the decision must be in writing and must be signed by the members of the committee who voted for it; iii)any member of the committee may attach his individual opinion to the award; and iv)ICSID must not publish the decision without the consent of the parties. Finally, under Article 52(4), parties are not allowed to request the interpretation, revision, or annulment of a decision on annulment. Even if the committee allegedly manifestly exceeded its powers or engaged in any conduct sanctioned by Article 52(1), the parties cannot request the annulment of the decision on annulment.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.331-359
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• 2001

Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999) Drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. The Act allows the use of electronic records and electronic signatures in any transaction, except transactions subject to the Uniform Commercial Code. The fundamental purpose of this act is to remove perceived barriers to electronic commerce. The Act's a procedural statute. It does not mandate either electronic signatures or records, but provides a means to effectuate transactions when they are used. The primary objective is to establish the legal equivalence of electronic records and signatures with paper writings and manually-signed signatures. With regard to the general scope of the Act, the Act's coverage is inherently limited by the definition of "transaction." The Act does not apply to all writings and signatures, but only to electronic records and signatures relating to a transaction, defined as those interactions between people relating to business, commercial and governmental affairs. The exclusion of specific Articles of the Uniform Commercial Code reflects the recognition that, particularly in the case of Articles 5, 8 and revised Article 9, electronic transactions were addressed in the specific contexts of those revision processes. In the context of Articles 2 and 2A the UETA provides the vehicle for assuring that such transactions may be accomplished and effected via an electronic medium. At such time as Articles 2 and 2A are revised the extent of coverage in those Articles(Acts) may make application of this Act as a gap-filling law desirable. Similar considerations apply to the recently promulgated Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA). Another fundamental premise of the Act is that it be minimalist and procedural. The general efficacy of existing law, in an electronic context, so long as biases and barriers to the medium are removed, confirms this approach. The Act defers to existing substantive law. Specific areas of deference to other law in this Act include: i) the meaning and effect of "sign" under existing law, ii) the method and manner of displaying, transmitting and formatting information in section 8, iii) rules of attribution in section 9, and iv) the law of mistake in section 10.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2001

중화인민공화국해상법은 1993년 7월 1일 시행되어서 이미 7년 이상이 지났는바, 그간 중국 해상운송관계 또는 해난사고의 분쟁을 조율하는데 있어서 큰 역할을 해 왔다. 그러나 중국 해상법이 입법 당시부터 타당하지 못한 부분이나 시행과정에서 드러난 합리적이지 못한 부분에 대한 개정은 불가피한 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 중국 해상법 중 인도지연의 의의, 인도지연으로 인한 운송인의 법적 책임, 인도지연에 대한 운송인의 면책사유와 책임제한 그리고 운송인에 대한 손해배상 청구절차에 관한 규정에 대하여 대략적인 고찰을 하고 아울러 중국해상법 타당성 여부에 대하여 검토하고자 한다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권3_2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

이 논문은 그동안 민간조사제도 도입에 관하여 논의되어 왔던 쟁점들에 대한 연구동향을 분석하여 그 시사점을 돌출함으로써, 바람직한 도입 방향을 제시하는데 연구목적을 두고자 한다. 분석한 쟁점들은 민간조사제도 도입에 관한 기존의 연구물들을 대상으로 추출하였다. 연구자들이 지적한 쟁점사항들은 명칭, 업무범위, 법인, 자격제도(자격기준 및 시험), 교육, 협회설립, 감독기관, 입법형태 등 8개의 범주안에 포함된다. 명칭에 대해서는 '탐정'이라는 명칭으로 통일할 필요가 있다고 본다. 업무범위에 대해서는 개정이 어려운 법률에서는 일반적인 업무규정을 개괄적으로 두고, 보다 구체적이고 세부적인 조사업무내용은 시행령을 통하여 규율하는 것이 합리적이라 할 수 있다. 민간조사제도는 법인으로의 제한적 운영이 필요하다고 본다. 교육에 대해서는 민간조사 종사자에 대한 신임교육과 재교육이 정기적으로 이루어져야 한다. 관리감독기관에 대해서 경찰청으로 일원화하여야 한다. 입법형태는 독자적인 법률로 규정하는 것보다는 경비업법의 개정을 통해 민간조사제도에 대하여 보완 규정하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다는 것이다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2004

As a result of very limited access due to the military confrontation between South and North Koreas for the last five decades, ecosystems in the transboundary coastal area in the western part of Korean Peninsula have been protected from intensive developments in both Koreas. In the core of the recent two military collisions lies the fishery resources represented as blue crabs as well as the politico-military aspect. Increasing development pressures from both sides as reflected in the South Korea supporting the construction of an industrial complex in Kaesung, North Korea, is the main factor which threatens the sustainable resource base in this region. This research is aimed to develop a cooperative management system for the well-preserved transboundary coastal area between South Korea and North Korea. The Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework of OECD was used to assess environmental conditions, socioeconomic pressures on the environment of the region, and policy responses of both Koreas to those pressures. Protection of ecosystems, peace settlement, and prosperity of the region and the entire peninsula were proposed as the management goals of the cooperative management system. The designation of the area as a Co-managed Marine Protected Area System (COMPAS) through close cooperation among South Korea, North Korea, and international entities was suggested as a way to achieve those goals. Revision of legal and institutional mechanisms, strengthening knowledge base for optimal COMPAS management, integration of the marine protected area and DMZ (demilitarized zone) ecosystem, enhancing stakeholder participation, building international partnership, and securing financial resources were presented as six management strategies.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 2007 개정 교육과정에 따라 중학교에 새롭게 보급된 정보1 교과서를 분석하고, 정보1 교과서의 조기 정착 방안을 찾기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 경기도 소재 중학교의 정보 교과목 담당 교사들을 대상으로 하였다. 설문 항목은 정보1 교과서의 만족도와 향후 교사들을 위해 지원이 필요한 내용을 조사하는 것으로 구성되었다. 교과서의 만족도와 관련된 7개 설문 영역 중에서 긍정적인 응답률이 가장 높은 것은 '교육과정의 준수'로 95%로 나타났다. 이와 함께 부정적인 응답률이 가장 높은 설문 영역은 '내용의 선정 및 조직'으로 13%로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 설문조사의 결과를 바탕으로 정보 교과서의 조기 정착과 함께 정보 교과의 정체성 확립을 위해 우선적으로 다양한 강의자료 제공과 새로운 교수법에 대한 교사 연수를 시행할 것을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to establish the scope of population groups to be set and nutrients to be included for Codex Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Examination of a variety of documents and reports on the principles of scientific evidence was gone through to choose representative groups from a variety of population groups and kinds of nutrients for setting Codex NRVs. Also, hearings from the groups of NRVs expertise has been formed and was gone through by e-working process. The differences of food and foods being consumed in general and by specific population groups and limited actual space on packages for food labeling were considered. This paper suggest the options on the scope of population groups to be set and nutrients to be included for Codex NRVs on the basis of the above procedures. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of these options are commented when the options are applied for establishment and revision of the Codex NRVs.