• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2019

Cross-leg flaps are a useful reconstructive option for complex lower limb defects when free flaps cannot be performed owing to vessel damage. We describe the use of the extended distally based sural artery flap in a cross-leg fashion for lower extremity coverage in three patients. To maximise the viability of these extended flaps, a delay was performed by raising them in a bipedicled fashion before gradual division of the tip over 5 to 7 days for cross-leg transfer. Rigid coupling of the lower limbs with external fixators was critical in preventing flap avulsion and to promote neovascular takeover. The pedicle was gradually divided over the ensuing 7 to 14 days before full flap inset and removal of the external fixators. In all three patients, the flaps survived with no complications and successful coverage of the critical defect was achieved. One patient developed a grade 2 pressure injury on his heel that resolved with conservative dressings. The donor sites and external fixator pin wounds healed well, with no functional morbidity. The cross-leg extended distally based sural artery flap is a reliable reconstructive option in challenging scenarios. Adequate flap delay, manoeuvres to reduce congestion, and postoperative rigid immobilization are key to a successful outcome.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changing plantar foot pressure and muscle activation of neck, lumbar and low limb by different way of the using carrier during walking. Twenty healthy and young females who brought up infants and had no musculoskeletal disorders of neck, lumbar and low limb were instructed to perform plantar foot pressure and muscle activation of neck, lumbar and low limb during different ways of the using the carrier and walking. Plantar foot pressures were recorded by RS-scan system(RS scan Ltd, German), muscle activation were recorded by ProComp infinitiTM(Thought Technology Ltd, Canada). The data collected by each way of the using carrier and One-way ANOVA was used to analyze. The results indicated that there was a significant increase on erector spinae muscle activation and pressure of great toe zone by using anterior carrier and there was a increase on activation of paraspinal muscle and metatarsal zone by using posterior carrier. Therefore, the way of using carrier could be influenced upon structure and function of the foot and muscle activation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and nursing activities of severe trauma patients regarding damaged body parts in Busan Regional Emergency Medical Center. Methods: A survey using a 'trauma patient information questionnaire and a list of nurse activities' was conducted with 133 patients over 15 points ISS on EMR from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Almost all of the subjects were men, and the mean age was 48.8. The amount of road traffic accidents was 60.4%, and the mean RTS and ISS were 6.08, and 23.14 points. Nursing activities in common were airway management, assessment of LOC & GCS, and EKG monitoring. Most of head and neck trauma patients were cared for manasing using intracranial pressure: each patience had the following assessed: pupil size and light reflex, they were checked the leak of CSF, kept $30^{\circ}$ head elevation, and administered medications. Some of chest trauma patients were treated for chest tube and central venous catheter insertion. Partial abdominal trauma patients were administered analgesic and cared for using arterial pressure measurement. Part of the limbs and pelvis trauma patients were given a blood transfusion. Conclusion: Based on the results, the characteristics and nursing activities were specific according to the specific damaged body parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2015

This study conducted a survey to gauge the buying and wearing propensities of wearers of leg guards made for baseball catchers, as well as product characteristics of preferred leg guards. Data from the survey were analyzed to obtain basic data for the development of an advanced leg guard design. Degree of compression, horizontal distance, cross section view and outline 3D sketch were also analyzed from the 3D data of leg guards; in addition, mobility and kinematic analysis were conducted through a wearing test. The survey indicated that imported products dominate the current retail market because they are appreciated by customers in terms of fit, price, brand, and protection. Representative complaints of products were discomfort, pressure, and the heavy-weight of the leg guards in general attributed to overall structure and 3D shape. When the pressure was lower on the front area of knee, it feels better to wear and the average knee angular velocity during the up and down motion increased, which suggests a better design from a kinematic point of view. The knee is the primary part of the body responsible for any movement of the lower limbs; consequently, the degree of compression and support stability of the leg guards near the knee area are important factors to evaluate the performance of leg guards. The results of our study indicate significant opportunities for improvement in product design and the development of baseball leg guards along with an ergonomic design that considers the mobility of the knee, skin deformations is necessary to improve performance. The process followed in this study will be applicable to studies on other personal protective equipment for sports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

This study was intended to find methods of fire extinguishing system designs that can improve the equipment's usability. In this study, the fire suppression experiment through fire extinguishers and the data drawn through the experiment were analyzed, and then the guideline for the improvement of designs was presented. The procedure is as follows. A fire suppression experiment with the use of fire extinguishers was done by 43 average adults. The whole process of the fire suppression was videotaped, and then captured major scenes were analyzed with the use of RULA, a human engineering measurement tool. The analyzed data were divided into 4 steps, and then the guideline for design improvement was presented. The summary of the study is as follows. Step 1, Fire extinguisher distance step. To reduce overload occurring at the process of holding fire extinguishers suddenly, wheels are attached to the body of extinguishers, or pedestals are installed. Step 2, Fire extinguisher transportation step. The length of hose is extended, or fire fighting water is sprayed far, so that overload of legs occurring at the process of travel can be reduced. In addition, the weight of fire extinguisher shouldn't be over 2 kg. Step 3, Safety pin removal stage. Safety pins should be applied with button type, so that excessive posture of lower limbs and excessive twisting of wrists won't happen during safety pin removal process. Besides, safety pins should be designed for easy identification and operation. Step 4, Fire extinguishing agent spraying step. To reduce overload occurring at sudden spraying of fire fighting water, pressure should be increased gradually until high pressure. With the above study results applied to existing fire extinguisher design, it may contribute to reducing any fire damage.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.2126-2134
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• 2020

Background: Therapeutic climbing training, which originated in Germany, is a wall-hanging rock climbing-based therapy to increase the body's coordination through movement of the upper and lower limbs against gravity. However, there are no studies examining the effectiveness of therapeutic climbing training to treat balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Objectives: To investigate therapeutic climbing training program on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke participated. Participants were randomized into the therapeutic climbing training group (TCTG, n=7) and the standard rehabilitation program group (SRPG, n=7) group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program consisting of 60 minutes 5 times a week for 6 weeks. TCTG participated additionally in the therapeutic climbing program consisting of 30 minutes sessions 3 times a week for the same 6 weeks. Berg balance scale (BBS), Gaitview Measure, Timed up and go test (TUG) were measured. Results: In the TCTG, revealed a statistical difference in BBS between the groups; in the difference of plantar pressure ratio in the static standing position revealed a statistical difference between the groups after training; the balance ability in the one-leg standing tests increased significantly; the time in TUG decreased significantly after training in both groups; The changes in the difference of dynamic plantar pressure ratio were reduced significantly in the TCTG. Conclusion: Therapeutic climbing training contribute to improve balance and walking function in patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

Background and objective: Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), the rhizoma of Gastrodia elata BL., is one of the popular drugs to treat headache, dizziness, blackout, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, facial paralysis, dysphrasia, and infantile convulsions. It has been reported that it provides an antihypertensive effect and lowers cerebrovascular resistance in animal experiments. However, there has been no data about these effects with human subjects. In this study, the author examined the effect of Gastrodiae water extracts on blood pressure and cerebrovascular reactivity in human subjects. Methods: We selected 16 normal volunteers, who were divided into 2 groups: Gastrodiae extract administration group and placebo (creamy powder) group. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, we monitored changes of mean flow velocity and breath-holding induced CO2 reactivity of middle cerebral artery in both groups. Mean blood pressure, heart rate and PETCO2 were measured using Compact Anesthesia Monitor. In both groups, all evaluation was performed during basal condition, and repeated at 30, 60, and 90 min after administration. Results: Gastrodiae extract decreased CO2 reactivity after administration, reaching the lowest level at 90 minutes $(-29.1\%\;vs.\;basal\;level)$, which showed significant difference compared with the placebo group (p = 0.004). In the placebo group, the pulse rates tended to decrease over time (at 90 minute, $-5.2\%$ vs. basal level) while in the Gastrodiae group the values showed nearly no change, which showed significant difference between both groups (p = 0.036). However, the changes of mean blood pressure and mean flow velocity did not show significant difference between both groups. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that Gastrodiae extract significantly decreased breath-holding induced CO2 reactivity. This result suggests that the clinical effect of Gastrodiae extract might be caused by increasing cerebral blood flow via dilation of cerebral resistant vessels instead of antihypertensive effect.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.825-831
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• 2007

An elbow orthosis with a pneumatic rubber actuator has been developed to assist and enhance upper limb movements and has been examined for the effectiveness. The effectiveness of the elbow orthosis was examined by comparing muscular activities during alternate dumbbell curl exercises with and without the orthosis. The subjects participated in the experiment were younger adults in their twenties. The subjects were instructed to perform dumbbell curl motion in a sitting position with and without orthosis in turn and a dynamometer was used to measure elbow joint torque outputs in an isovelocity mode. The measurements were done with four various dumbbell loads: 0 kg, 1 kg, 3 kg, and 5 kg. The orthosis was pneumatically actuated and controlled in a passive mode. The most comfortable air pressure to the pneumatic actuator was determined to be 0.294MPa. Electromyography(EMG) was also measured during curl exercises. The muscles of interest were biceps brachii(BB), triceps brachii(TB), brachioradialis(Bo), and flexor carpi ulnaris(FCU) in the upper limbs. The experimental results showed that the muscular activities themselves significantly reduced with elbow orthosis on in performing similar activities without orthosis. As a result of this experiment, the effectiveness of the developed upper limb orthosis was confirmed and the level of assistance was quantified.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.595-606
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• 2020

This study develops an optimal two-dimensional (2D) pattern from three-dimensional human scan data by considering the cycling posture and dermatome of high school male cyclists. By analyzing the body surface change in the cycling posture and considering the dermatome of the lower limbs, the optimal cutting line setting and the development of cycling tights for individual cyclists were presented to provide data that could be used in the clothing industry. We designed three cycling tights to solve the size unsuitability. 3D design 1 is a non-extension design based on the analysis of the 3D human body scan data, in which parts were connected diagonally from the front of the knee to the back of the knee. 3D design 2 removed both the front and back to reduce air resistance during cycling. 3D design 3 did not have a cutting line on the front panel because of the air resistance during cycling in the front area. We analyzed the garment pressure for 8 points of lower body and performed a subjective evaluation of the 3D designed tights and the current cycling tights. The 3D design 1 in this study was well received in the omphalion, thigh, and hip area, while 3D design 3 was well received in the omphalion, thigh, hip, and bottom bands. Therefore, the LoNE of 3D design 1 was applied to the front, and the hip cutting line of 3D design 3 was applied to the back.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

Objective: Through the literature on the effect of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, we are finding out the clinical possibility and revealing the more effective to untractable disease. Method: We investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine and experimental reports about Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch. Results: 1.The taste of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is hot, wann and toxic, and the effect is dispelling wind, spasmolytic action and detoxication so it has been used for C.V.A, facial palsy, numbness of hands and feet, wounds and arthritis. 2. A toxic constituent of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is mainly located in the 1st limbs, and we can prevent toxic symptoms, if taken a dosage moderately. 3. The pharmacological action of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is anti-convulsive action, analgesic action, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumor action and microbe inhibition. On the study of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, we thought it is effective to intractable disease, and it may be needed variable studies on toxicity and clinical effects.