• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine if Likert scales had been properly utilized in community nutrition research. A total of 527 research articles published in the 32 issues of Korean Journal of Community Nutrition from the volume 5, issue 1 in 2000 to the volume 10, issue 2 in 2005 were screened and 55 articles were found to have utilized one or more Likert scales for the studies. Therefore, 109 Likert scales used in the 55 studies were reviewed regarding the name, statement and response items, reliability and validity check, and analysis method. The scales were mostly referred as Likert scales (60%) or Likert-type scales (27%). Some scales were found to be referred as Likert scales although they were Likert-type scales when judged based on the information given in the respective articles. However some scales couldn't be judged for the rightness of the names because the information given for the scales in the articles was not enough. About 23% of the scales consisted of items less than 6 or more than 30, and therefore found to be inappropriate. The percentage of the scales listing all the statement items in the articles was only 25%. Most of the scales (85%) included 5 response items, and the rest included 4 (7%), 7 (6%), or 3 (2%). The percentages of the scales including appropriate center and end items were only 2% and 22%, respectively. Less than half of the scales (41%) were found to have been checked for reliability and only one scale was reported to have been checked for validity. In some scales (6%), the responses were scored improperly for analysis. The responses to the scales were frequently found to have been analyzed by parametric statistics such as mean, ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's correlation, which might be a problem depending on the size and distribution of study samples. In conclusion, there is much room for improvement in the use of Likert scales in community nutrition research.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권9호
• /
• pp.829-842
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to design a reliable and valid Likert-type scale to measure nuclear energy attitudes of various groups. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 26-item long form, a 12-item middle form, and a 6-item short form of the scale. Three scales were field tested on 760 respondents representing a diverse range of subjects. The 26-item scale appeared to be reliable, content valid and construct valid. Scale reliability and homogeneity were evidenced by 0.95 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlations ranging from 0.18 to 0.74. The results of factor analysis and known-groups comparison revealed that this scale had high validity. Reliability of the middle form and short form were evidenced by coefficient alpha of 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. The long and middle forms were strongly correlated, r-value of 0.98 and the long and short forms were also highly correlated, r-value of 0.93. Consequently, long form, middle form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring nuclear energy attitudes of various groups in general. They can be used for a variety of purpose of measuring and testing nuclear energy attitude.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analysis the perception of men's wear brands (Intermezzo and Rogatis), for developing the possibility & strategy of the nichi-market in men's wear market for the apparel marketers and manufactures. For this study, the data obtained from 312 respondents were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA. The results from the study were as follow ; The perception of the 2 brand images revealed that Intermezzo accounted for 79.8% of the frequencies, and Rogatis accounted for 99%. Also, results revealed the total evaluation of Intermezzo accounted for 3.86 of the mean rated on 5 point Likert-type scales in the 9 features, and Rogatis accounted for 3.28. And then, results revealed that there were signifiant differences in 2 cluster of Rogatis that the purchasing cluster accounted for 3.46 of the mean, and the perceiving cluster accounted for 3.07. The brand images of Intermezzo and Rogatis were evaluated and rated on 5 point Likert-type scales of 17 pair adjectives. As a results, the image characteristic with Intermezzo was considered with more dynamic, trendy than the image characteristic with Rogatis. Also, results revealed that The Image with Intermezzo was considered with urban, lively, chic, modern, and sophsticated image-features, and the Image with Rogatis were evaluated mannish, urban, sophsticated, luxury, and static image-features.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of stress coping type and self-esteem between life stress and suicidal ideation in nursing college students. The research design was descriptive study. Methods: A set of self-reported questionnaires was completed by 197 nursing college students, including demographic characteristics, life stress, stress coping type, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation. Data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis for mediating effect by SPSS ver. 22. Results: The mean age was 20.9 years. The mean scores were 2.4, 3.6, and 1.7 out of 5 Likert scales for items of life stress, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation, respectively. The mean score for stress coping type was 2.36 out of 4 Likert scales. There was a positive correlation between suicidal ideation and life stress related to tasks, life stress related to interpersonal relationship, and emotion-focused coping of stress coping type (r=.537, p<.01); while a negative correlation between self-esteem and suicidal ideation. emotional-focused coping of stress coping type had a partial mediating effect between life stress related to tasks and suicidal ideation. Also, self-esteem had a partial mediating effect between life stress related to tasks and suicidal ideation as well as between life stress related to interpersonal relationship and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Based on the finding of this study, it is necessary to apply various program to stress coping skill and self-esteem in order to reduce suicidal ideation in nursing college students.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to introduce the math-clinic programs which offer to engineering students and to compare the subject satisfaction between participants and non-participants. Five math-clinic programs are operated and 1397 students took part in this study. As a result, the Likert-type scales of satisfaction with three programs; the exercise problems solving class, the tutoring program and the achievement tests, were 4.07, 4.05 and 3.95, respectively(5-point Likert-type scale). And we found that the participants expressed higher subject satisfactions than nonparticipations did.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.312-324
• /
• 2011

This investigates the type of pants preferred by Korean men in their 20s through a subjective wear test. Six types of men's pants were developed as experimental garments. The male subjects were university students between the ages of 20 and 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental pants were rated using seven Likert scales. A 7-point Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 indicating the best fit. As a result, a basic men's sloper for lower body clothing was developed based on SizeKorea 2004 anthropometric measurements surveyed between 2003 and 2004. A basic pattern (A) was manipulated to tight-fit pants (E) and loose-fit pants (D, L, M, and N) by considering the ease at hip level and the style. Among the six pants, pants D and L (4cm ease at hip level) were found to be superior to others in terms of comfort, fitting, and crotch depth. With regard to ease and comfort of the crotch part, pants E and A (0cm ease at hip level) were found to be the least preferred.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.763-774
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to design long and short forms of reliable and valid Likert-type scales to measure environmental attitudes of Korean junior high school students. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 32-item long form and 8-item short form of the scale. Two scales were field tested on 469 respondents consisting of male and female students in urban and rural areas and students participating in environmental programs. The 32-item scale was revealed to be highly reliable, content and construct valid. Reliability and homogeneity of this scale were evidenced by 0.92 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlation values ranging from 0.10 to 0.52. Factor analysis and known-group comparison showed the sufficient validity of long form scale. Reliability and validity of short form scale were also evidenced by good results of 8 test analyses. The long and short forms were strongly correlated, ${\gamma}$-value of 0.90. Consequently, both long form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Korea. They can be useful for a variety of survey conditions and constraints and testing environmental attitude.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2002

Patient satisfaction is an important factor in evaluating the quality of care. Patient satisfaction may be used to evaluate provider services and facilities, and used to predict the patient returns to a facility. The patients decision whether the patient returns to a facility or whether the patient recommends the facility to other people may be affected by a variety of factors of patient satisfaction. This study is to develop and test of a translated and modified Goldstein's instrument that measures patient satisfaction among physical therapists patients and clients. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Chung-Joo and Bu-Cheon cities. Survey data was obtained from 743 patients who visited the physical therapy practice at university hospitals, general hospitals and clinics. The instrument developed by Goldstein was used and translated into Korean. Several items were added to the instrument. Patient's opinions of service in each domain measured using 5-point Likert-type scales that ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to indicate which questions examined similar components of patient satisfaction. Component analysis indicated eight scales (kindness, scheduling, recommendation, convenience of parking, privacy, and waiting time). Different types of validity were established well. The coefficient of reliability (Cronbach alpha =.97) obtained for the instrument was clearly within a desired range.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.61-85
• /
• 2004

It is tried that evaluation areas and items of information system in public sector are derived ration-ally and its weight value call be applied differently to type of information system to enhance validity and objectiveness of measurement in evaluating IS in this research. To obtain the goal of this research, firstly, five sectors - system sector, user sector, organization and management sector, the degree of strategic contribution to IS, and the degree of optimizing re-source in IS - are categorized based on broadly reviewing previous theoretical and practical research. Secondly, IS type in public sector is divided into internal operation one and customer oriented one that is object of the IS, and divided into application oriented and IT infrastructure oriented which are influence by IS. Thirdly, evaluation areas and its items are measured by 5 point scales (Likert summated scales) in addition to analysis of validity and reliability to improve objectiveness of establishing evaluation areas and its items. Fourthly, the weight values in the evaluation areas and its items are derived by using analytic hierarchy process. According to the results of analysis of weight value through AHP, it were found to be 30.4% to organization and management sector. 25.5% to degree of strategic contribution, 21.0% to user sector, 13.5% to degree of optimization of resource management, and 9.6% to system sector. and. different weight values each of the four IS type are proposed which establishing in this research. The main implications of this study is that the criteria by which IS in public sector can be categorized 4 ones is suggested and The weighted evaluation for four types of IS based on the AHP analysis enables proposing an objective evaluation method of IS in public sector for considering individual IS characterics.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2022

Sharehouse has been supplied as an alternative to solving the steadily increasing one-room housing problem of single-person households every year, and it is necessary to investigate the satisfaction of residents who actually live in sharehouse through P.O.E. Therefore, this study analyzed priror researches related to the existing one-person households, sharehouses, and satisfaction surveys, and summarized indicators with high relevance and frequency to derive satisfaction survey factors that can clearly evaluate the improvement architectural plan of sharehouses. As a result, it was classified into 4 items in the 'general information' category to investigate the status, housing rental type, and housing cost of the sharehouse, 15 factors in the 'peripheral environment' category to evaluate the safety, 3 factors in the 'community' category, and 17 factors in the space (facility) and service category. In the "General Information" section, the overall one-person housing satisfaction, desired sharehouse type, housing rental type, housing cost, and living expenses were reduced. In the "Surrounding Environment", accessibility to public office, accessibility to cultural facilities, accessibility to medical facilities, accessibility to work and school, convenience stores, noise pollution and safety. In addition, in the "community" section, it consists of interactions with various people, relationships with housemates and in the "space (facilities) and service" section, heating, waterproof, soundproof, ventilation, moisture and condensation blocking, facility management, interior, room size, built-in furniture, storage space, laundry, parking. Most of the scales for each factor were 5-point Likert scales, allowing evaluation of the degree of satisfaction, and some factors presented criteria to induce structured answers. Therfore, it is expected that the survey will be conducted on residents who actually live by deriving factors for the satisfaction survey of one-person households living in the sharehouse, and the current status of the sharehouse will be identified, and the degree of satisfaction will be analyzed to be used for research.