• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.93-112
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• 2004

This article examines the process of how Daesoon thought keeps its own identity while being practiced as a religion in Korean culture through the perspective of theological hermeneutics of E. Schillebeeckx, a representative theologian in 20th century, especially on the centering of the matter of experience. Schillebeeckx says that an experience is an occurrence of perception by encountering something different from oneself. According to him, 1) the occurrence of perception is premised on a framework or form of interpretation which prescribes experience as the experience in the perceptive dimension. 2) A framework of interpretation is subject to pre-existing system or structure which already has formed a basis to the experience. It consists of various interpretative elements such as social form, general knowledges, various experiences, theoretical models in their society, etc.. 3) The experiences take place in the reflection of contemporary situation, and it is understood by a society, thus making it a social stream. This experience is expressed historically, gains historicity in the process of being handed down from person to person, from generation to generation. In this way, an experience starts to form a tradition. 4) The tradition is a historical stream which gives rise to, admits, and integrates various experiences, religious revelation, and faith etc. In this way, the tradition as a historical stream becomes a field of religious actuality such as revelation, salvation, etc. Conclusively, a religion takes place, is formed, only when it is understood anew by the people who live in that cultural tradition through their languages. The ground Daesoon thought takes place, is formed, is in this way. Daesoon thought takes place in the core of traditional Korean culture, undergoes changes when it encounters the other stream of traditional Korean culture, and the vice versa. Because of this inevitable change, ironically enough, Daesoon thought can maintain its own identity as Daesoon thought, and Korean culture its own identity as Korean culture, avoiding falling into the tertiary which is neither Daesoon thought nor Korean culture. It is in this way that any religion can be in the faithfulness to its starting point to be enriched and transformed in its interaction with the other tradition. At here is the reason Daesoon thought has to have an openness to the changing world.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.51-68
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• 2023

With the emergence of the internet and the increasing use of online communities for over 20 years, the age range of users has also been rising. This study explores the linguistic changes that have occurred as the user age in online communities has increased. To do this, data was collected and analyzed from an online community that has been actively operating, despite new member registrations being closed nine years ago. By comparing the posts over an 11-year period from 2012 to 2022, changes such as an increase in average comments, a decrease in interrogative sentences, and a decrease in imperative statements were observed. The study also proposed loneliness due to aging and a decline in curiosity and confidence as potential causes of these changes. In South Korea, which is rapidly entering an aging society unprecedentedly fast on a global scale, the increase in single-person households has evolved loneliness from a personal issue to a social problem, manifested in an increase in solitary deaths and reclusive individuals. This research sheds light on one aspect of these social phenomena through the analysis of data from a large online community.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.107-126
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• 2024

This study was initiated to explore the Christian educational challenges of building a "Peer Consciousness" in North and South Korea after reunification. During the period of division, North and South Korea have became heterogeneous in almost all elements of society, including politics, economy, culture, and education. Considering the various social conflicts that the two heterogeneous societies will experience in the process of reunification, the issue of social integration is no longer a side issue of institutional integration or economic integration, but has become an essential element in itself. This is why the Korean church and Christian scholars need to study in depth the social conflicts and integration issues that may arise before and after reunification. For the study, we analyzed the forms of social conflict based on the theory of ''Human Needs Theory', which states that human needs are the conditions for social conflict. Social conflicts stem from the unfulfillment of various human needs, which in turn extend to identity conflicts that seek to form a sense of belonging. In light of the case of unified Germany, where social conflicts converged into identity conflicts, I predicted that conflicts in unified Korea will soon become identity conflicts. The direction of Christian education that should suture the conflicts in the post-reunification society was derived from theological reflection on the concept of 'publicness of Christian education' and 'kingdom of God'. As a concrete educational plan for social integration, I presented the discourse of love of God and love of neighbor through Christian education for dual identity as a citizen and disciple, and emphasized the need for re-socialization education through faith communities

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1989

To find the effects of solar energy into the rice canopy and its balance on the rice plant growth, a Tongil type rice, Raekyeong and a japonica rice, Koganebare were used with four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application, 6, 10, 14, and 18kg $l0a^{-1}$ in Chigugo, Japan. The micrometerosological data, the solar radiation and absorbed solar radiation by the rice plants, and leaf area index on cardinal growth stage of the rice community were measured. The results are as follows : Raekyeong showed increased LAI by increased nitrogen fertilizer application rates, and larger LAI than Koganebear. 1. There was no difference in total dry weight till 20 days after transplanting regardless of nitrogen levels in the same variety, after that, however, Raekyeong showed higher dry matter productions for the same durations than Koganebare. 2. In early growth stage of transplanting rice, reflection ratio of solar radiation above the crop canogy was about 6%, however, it was increased up to 20% by the increased LAI at heading date. 3. In high levels of nitrogen application plots, LAI were increased so that values were decreased. 4. Relationship between the amount of absorbed radiation by plants and its dry matter production was linearly significant. Higher levels of nitrogen application produced higher dry matter in Raekyeong, however, in lower level, the dry matter production pattern was almost similar between both rice cultivars.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2003

A new mineral, Zn analogue of rancieite (Chimooite), has been discovered at the Dongnam mine, Korea. It occurs as compact subparallel fine­grained flaky or acicular aggregates in the massive manganese oxide ores which were formed by supergene oxidation of rhodochrosite­sulfide ores in the hydrothermal veins trending NS­N25E and cutting the Pungchon limestone of the Cambrian age. The flakes of chimooite are 0.2 mm for the largest one, but usually less than 0.05 mm. The acicular crystals are elongated parallel to and flattened on (001). This mineral shows gradation to rancieite constituting its marginal part, thus both minerals are found in one and the same flake. Color is bluish black, with dull luster and brown streak in globular or massive aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. The hardness ranges from 2.5 to 4. Under reflected light it is anisotropic and bireflectant. It shows reddish brown internal reflection. Chemical analyses of different parts of both minerals suggest that rancieite and chimooite constitute a continuous solid solution series by cationic substitution. The empirical chemical formula for chimooite has been calculated following the general formula, $R_2_{x}$ M $n^{4+}$$_{9­x}$ $O_{18}$ $.$n$H_2O$ for the 7 $\AA$ phyllomanganate minerals, where x varies from 0.81 to 1.28 in so far studied samples, thus averaging to 1.0. Therefore, the formula of Zn­rancieite is close to the well­known strochiometric formula $_Mn_4^{4+}$ $O_{9}$ $.$4$H_2O$. The mineral has the formula (Z $n_{0.78}$N $a_{0.15}$C $a_{0.08}$M $g_{0.01}$ $K_{0.01}$)(M $n^{4+}$$_{3.98}$F $e^{3+}$$_{0.02}$)$_{4.00}$ $O_{9}$ $.$3.85$H_2O$, thus the ideal formula is (Zn,Ca)M $n^{4+}$$_4$ $O_{9}$ $.$3.85$H_2O$. The mineral has a hexagonal unit ceil with a=2.840 $\AA$ c=7.486 $\AA$ and a : c = 1 : 2.636. The DTA curve shows endothermic peaks at 65, 180, 690 and 102$0^{\circ}C$. The IR absorption spectrum shows absorption bands at 445, 500, 1630 and 3400 c $m^{1}$. The mineral name Chimooite has been named in honour of late Prof, Chi Moo Son of Seoul National University.ity.versity.ity.y.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.438-449
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• 1994

This paper focuses on recontextualizing geography curriculum, i.e. examining recent changing aspects in three geography curriculum locators-society, student and discipline of geography-and searching future directions of geography curriculum in light of such changes. For conciliation and reflection of changing aspects of each locators, this paper dealt with social issues and societal changes in terms of locator of society, increased concern to student and development of cognitive science in terms of students, and challenging views on science and the meaning of epistemological changes in geography in terms of discipline. As a result, three future directions in geography curriculum are searched : issue-based geography curriculum, thinking geography curriculum, geography curriculum toward equity and accessbility.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.739-756
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• 2016

The purpose of the study is to reflect on 'myself' as a teacher educator of college of education in depth and to improve my instruction through self-study with three critical collaborators. 17 pre-service science teachers and I have participated in this study of a teacher educator's course since March 2016 after the preliminary practice in 2015. The video recorded the course for 11 weeks with about 40 hours of lessons. The data source also included teacher educator's reflective journals, lecture evaluations, online boards and so on. Questionnaires were distributed and answered both at the beginning and at the end of the course and pre-service teachers wrote their reflective journals. Four of them were in the focus group interviews. During the course, the weekly group meeting of critical collaborators analyzed the emerging issues based on the lesson clips and teacher educator's reflective journals with discussion for the course innovation. Four phases were revealed in the process and for the purpose of the course such as exploration, conflicts, challenges, and changes. The results showed that first, we identified tensions among the teacher educator's multiple identities as a lecturer, a faculty member, and a researcher. Second, there were differences between goals of teacher educator and pre-service teachers in the course, and this obstructed the success of the course sometimes. Third, these practices led to explore balanced alternative views and interpretations of the problem by critical views and to expand and improve our teaching practice and thinking. In addition, the self-study with critical collaborators helped to bring conflicts and issues below my practice to light for collaborative reflection and it gave a chance to understand ourselves as teacher educators in different ways.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.751-762
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• 2010

In order to understand the influence that the plant cover condition of the high-rise building outer space causes to the temperature change, we selected 12 high-rise building constructed in Seoul City. The land cover type of the outside was classified into six type(outer road, paved surface, shrub/grassland, single-layer tree planting-site, multi-layer planting-site, and waterscape facilities) and the temperature was measured at the representative point for each type in order to analyze the land cover temperature differential for each type of the high-rise building outer space. The study area showing the temperature tendency to be similar based upon one way analysis of variance after selecting the central part of the outer road for a control and measuring a temperature in order to consider the neighboring environmental difference of the dozen building was classified into 4 groups. As to the one-way layout result of variance analysis with the land cover type of the classified group and outer space temperature, the single-layer tree planting-site, waterscape facilities, and multi-layer planting-site belonged mainly to the low temperature section. The shrub/grassland, paved surface, and outer road belonged to the high temperature region. The temperature difference between low temperature region and high temperature region is about $1.06{\sim}6.17^{\circ}C$. However, the temperature in the Outer Space of the Super-High-Rise Building was variously appeared by the influence such as the cramped of the created planting-site and waterscape facilities area, the increase of amount of solar radiation and the reduction of reflection amount of light due to building etc.. Thus, the composition all produced the area of the green quantity required for each space and water space in advance. It was determined that there were the minimum area displaying an effect and the necessity to it secures the green quantity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

The outdoor mass cultivation is not possible for microalgae in Korea all year round, due to cold winter season. It is not easy to maintain proper level of productivity of microalgae even in winter. To prevent a drastic decrease of temperature in a greenhouse, two layers were covered additionally, inside the original plastic layer of the greenhouse. The middle layer was made up of plastic and the inner layer, of non-woven fabric. Acrylic transparent bioreactors were constructed to get more sunlight, not only from the upper side but also from the lateral and bottom directions. In winter at freezing temperatures, six different culture conditions were compared in the triply covered, insulated greenhouse. Wastewater after anaerobic digestion was used for the cultivation of microalgae to minimize the production cost. Water temperature in the bioreactors remained above $10^{\circ}C$ on average, even without any external heating system, proving that the triple-layered greenhouse is effective in keeping heat. Algal biomass reached to 0.37g $L^{-1}$ with the highest temperature, in the experimental group of light-reflection board at the bottom, with nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of 92% and 99%, respectively. When fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas-chromatography, linoleate (C18 : 3n3) occupied the highest proportion up to 61%, in the all experiment groups. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), however, did not decrease during the cultivation, but rather increased. Although the algal biomass productivity was not comparable to warm seasons, it was possible to maintain water temperature for algae cultivation even in the coldest season, at the minimum cost.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.27 no.1_2
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• pp.28-70
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• 2012

In Jungian psychology, creation myths regard as the story of unconscious and preconscious processes(projection of archaic identity) which describe not necessary the origin of our cosmos, but the origin of man's conscious awareness of the world. Therefore projections have nothing to do with matter itself but experience of one's own unconscious. Jung emphasizes importance to understand projection in individual's conscious experience rather than in philosophical doctrine. The purpose of this thesis is to explore unconscious process of creation myths with egg symbolism in clinical cases to present universal feature of Cosmic/alchemical egg. Psychologically, creation myths retold when human mind needs new order. Depending on the attitude of ego, it can be sudden expansion of consciousness or contamination of ego by unconscious. In this study, 'chaos(messa confusa)' in creation myths as archaic identity, experience of uroboros or infant, and nigredo state in alchemy. 'Separation of primordial parents' as beginning of consciousness refers to separatio operation in alchemical process. 'Light' as attainment of consciousness. Discussion of psychological meaning of egg starts with amplification which include the concept of cosmic/alchemical/philosophical egg. Egg symbolism in this study refers to emergence of egg, tapas/brooding of egg, and separation of egg. Emergence of egg as a state of preconscious totality, psychic wholeness conceived as the thing which came before the rise of ego consciousness. Discussion of conceptssuch as Shiva bindu, hiranyagharba, germ of gold, Tathāgatagarbha follows. 'Tapas/brooding of egg' as concentration of all psychic energy into one point for self reflection. Discussion includes The I Ching Hexagram 61, image of brooding egg identified with inner truth, Wonhyo's concept of jikwansasang, and Gnostic idea of Ennoia, introverted act of thinking, as well as the concept of 'Night Sea Journey'. 'Separation or hatching of egg' regarded as the idea of sudden illumination, Phanes, the shining God, and "sun-point," in alchemy. Birth of fledgling as birth of new personality. As a conclusion, psychological meaning of cosmic egg/creation myths is the story of separating from 'Not-I'(unconscious, object, undifferentiated) to 'I'(ego, subject, differentiated) which shares the same meaning as individuation process.