• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2279-2285
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• 2011

The geometries, electronic structures and absorption spectra of the two organic triphenylamine-based dyes TA-St-CA and TA-DM-CA, containing identical electron donors and acceptors but the different conjugated bridges, were studied by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP and PBE1PBE levels, respectively. The influence of para-orientating methoxyl units on the electronic structures and light absorption properties of the dyes and the consequent photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the introduction of the para-orientating methoxyl units into the conjugated bridge induces the increased absorption wavelength as well as the more negative EHOMO corresponding to the bigger driving force $(E_{I^-/I^-_3}-E_{HOMO})$ for dye reduction, which together improve the photovoltaic performance of TA-DM-CA, although there is a decline of the open circuit voltage caused by the more negative $E_{LUMO}$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2009

Pulse style Nd: YAG Laser is suitable in skin remaking treatment, in compliance with the ramp continuous oscillation until of course normal takeoff, the Q-switch and mode motive takeoff the takeoff form which is various is possible and it is coming to be widely used in microsurgery and skin remaking promotion. According to therapeutic objective very it is important to control a energy density. Control of energy density the method which controls the pulse repetition rate of Laser output is mainly used. From the research which it sees pulse style Nd: It will be able to control the pulse repetition rate of YAG, the 2nd harmonic occurrence Laser (second harmonic generation: SHG) with the energy part of the light-wave which is a footnote wave number will hold and nonlinear decision it propagates and is converted by energy of the light-wave which is a footnote wave number the actual condition which and it applies the second harmonic occurrence in compliance with a secondary nonlinearity it leads and until skin deep part therapeutic possibility is the thing it will be able to observe simply.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

Cryptomonads are unicellular, biflagellate algae. Generally, cryptomonad cells cannot be preserved well because of their fragile nature, and an improved methodology should be developed to identify cryptomonads from natural habitats. In this study, we tried using several cytological fixatives, including glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and their combinations to preserve field samples collected from various waters, and the currently used fixative, Lugol's solution was tested for comparison. Results showed that among the fixatives tested, glutaraldehyde preserved the samples best, and the optimal concentration of glutaraldehyde was 2%. The cell morphology was well preserved by glutaraldehyde. Cells kept their original color, volume, and shape, and important taxonomic features such as furrow/gullet complex, ejectosomes, as well as flagella could be observed clearly, whereas these organelles frequently disappeared in Lugol's solution preserved samples. The osmotic adjustments and buffers tested could not preserve cell density significantly higher. Statistical calculation showed the cell density in the samples preserved by 2% glutaraldehyde remained stable after 43 days of the fixation procedure. In addition, DNA was extracted from glutaraldehyde preserved samples by grinding with liquid nitrogen and the 18S rDNA sequence was amplified by PCR. The sequence was virtually identical to the reference sequence, and phylogenetic analyses showed very close relationship between it and sequences from the same organism. To sum up, the present study demonstrated that 2% unbuffered glutaraldehyde, without osmotic adjustments, can preserve cryptomonads cells for identification, in terms of both light microscopy and phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Bamboo leaves, as natural dye provide unartificial fresh green, are known for expert property at anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, skin whitening, moisturizing, peeling of horny, deodorizing and some skin disease like as eczema and inflammation without any allergic response. Also, It is quite common to obtain bamboo leaves from our surrounding but most of them were not in use. On purpose of development the way of recycle with common material to dye, bamboo leaves were used to dye on ramie fiber which is valuable for both of apparel and industrial field and investigated their dyeing property. Using extract from bamboo leaves, dyeing property was examined with dyeability, colorimetric property, light fastness and wash fastness under different conditions by extract density, dyeing time, dyeing method and mordants. As results, dyeing was generally colored in yellowish, K/S Value was shown more higher on hemp fiber than ramie. The most optimum dyeing condition was investigated on pre-mordant treatment, dyeing temperature $60^{\circ}C$, dyeing time 30min and extract density 400%. On the treatment with mordant(Al, Fe, Cu), dyebility on both of hemp and ramie fiber were increased by mordant. Especially with Copper(Cu) as mordant, dyebility was highly increased than any other mordants and dyeings showed in deep color. Also on the fastness test which is the most important to natural dyeing, wash-fastness showed good performance with 4-5 grade but light-fastness was above 4 grade on both of hemp and ramie fiber, lower than wash-fastness overall.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study aimed to identify the effects of the sintering conditions of dental zirconia on the grain size and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten specimens of each of two commercial brands of zirconia (Lava and KaVo) were made and sintered under five different conditions. Microwave sintering (MS) and conventional sintering (CS) methods were used to fabricate zirconia specimens. The dwelling time was 20 minutes for MS and 20 minutes, 2, 10, and 40 hours for CS. The density and the grain size of the sintered zirconia blocks were measured. Total transmission measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer. Two-way analysis of variance model was used for the analysis and performed at a type-one error rate of 0.05. RESULTS. There was no significant difference in density between brands and sintering conditions. The mean grain size increased according to sintering conditions as follows: MS-20 min, CS-20 min, CS-2 hr, CS-10 hr, and CS-40 hr for both brands. The mean grain size ranged from 347-1,512 nm for Lava and 373-1,481 nm for KaVo. The mean light transmittance values of Lava and KaVo were 28.39-34.48% and 28.09-30.50%, respectively. CONCLUSION. Different sintering conditions resulted in differences in grain size and light transmittance. To obtain more translucent dental zirconia restorations, shorter sintering times should be considered.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2003

The study of growth characteristics for Spirulina platensis were carried out in 400 mL cylindrical photobioreactor and the effects of carbon dioxide concentration and flow rate during the growth of Spirulina platensis were investigated. The results showed that relatively low carbon dioxide concentration and high flow rate forced the growth of Spirulina platensis in experiment conditions. The pH analysis showed that different carbon dioxide concentration might form particular aqueous carbonate system in culture medium and affect the growth of Spirulina platensis. In addition, the possibility of limiting light radiation by cell density was investigated by the analysis of specific growth rate. The result intimated that the cause of decrease of specific growth rate at exponential phase was due to the limitation of light radiation by Spirulina platensis cell density in cylindrical photobioreactor.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1998

This study was observed of the skin that changed after irradiation of the ultraviolet A. All the mouse were hairless which the weight are about 25g and the ages $6\sim8$ weeks old. The mouse were divided into six groups; control, irradiated for 6 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. Each group was irradiated with ultraviolet that is $320nm\sim366nm$ of wavelengths. After irradiated, the skin was observed with the electron microscope and the light microscope. The results are as follow: 1) Light microscopy With following irradiation, the epidermis was not changed to most groups but at the 28 days group was thickened and deposit the melanocyte. The elastic fibers within the epidermis were thickened and twisted with following irradiation. 2) Eelectron microscopy The elastic fibers were slightly clumped at 6 hours group, mildly increased and partly aggregated in the 3 days group, branched and tangled at 7 days group, irregulated and electron density at 14 days group, sightly thickened and twisted at 21 days group, and randomly arranged, shortened, twisted, and electron density at 28 days group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.827-834
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• 2010

We have performed numerical simulations of the electrical characteristics for multi-layer organic light emitting diode devices with doped emitting layer using a commercial simulation program. In this paper, the basic structure consists of the ITO/NPB/$Alq_3$:C545T(%)/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al, four devices that were composed of $Alq_3$ as the host and C545T as the green dopant with different concentration, were studied. As the result, the variations of the doping concentration rate of C545T have a effect on the voltage-current density characteristics. The voltage-current characteristics are quite consistent with the results which were experimentally determined in a previous reference paper. In addition, the voltage-luminance characteristics were greatly improved, and the luminous efficiency was improved three times. In order to analyze these driving mechanism, we have investigated the distribution of electric field, charge density of the carriers, and recombination rates in the inner of the OLED devices.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.23-32
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• 2024

NVS (Novel View Synthesis) is a field in computer vision that reconstructs new views of a scene from a set of input views. Real-time rendering and high performance are essential for NVS technology to be effectively utilized in various applications. Recently, 3D-GS (3D Gaussian Splatting) has gained popularity due to its faster training and inference times compared to those of NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields)-based methodologies. However, since 3D-GS reconstructs a 3D (Three-Dimensional) scene by splitting and cloning (Density Control) Gaussian points, the number of Gaussian points continuously increases, causing the model to become heavier as training progresses. To address this issue, we propose two methodologies: 1) Gaussian blending, an improved density control methodology that removes unnecessary Gaussian points, and 2) a performance enhancement methodology using a depth estimation model to minimize the loss in representation caused by the blending of Gaussian points. Experiments on the Tanks and Temples Dataset show that the proposed methodologies reduce the number of Gaussian points by up to 4% while maintaining performance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

A new concept of an inorganic foaming process at low temperature was demonstrated for the production of inorganic thermal insulating materials with the properties of flexible light-weight, the advantages of organic-based thermal insulation material. The foaming process was proceeded by establishing a skeleton of the foam body by using inorganic fibrous sepiolite and aluminum silicate. A cavity was formed by the expansion of fibrous skeleton body, by the gas which was generated from foaming agent at low temperature. Then the multi-vesicular expanded perlite with low thermal conductivity was filled into the cavity in a skeleton of the foam body. Finally through these overall process, a new inorganic foamed body could be obtained at low temperature without the hot melting of inorganic materials. In order to achieve this object, various preparations such as fibrous sepiolite fibrillation process, heat treatment process of the fibrous slurry were needed, and the optimal compositional condition of slurry was required. The foam body produced showed the properties of flexible light-weight thermal insulation materials such as bulk density, yield strength, flexural strength, and high heat resistance.