• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.785-790
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• 1998

인체용 마취제인 염산리도카인을 사용하여 버들개, Rhynchocypris steindachneli의 운송실험을 실시하였다. 대조군. sham 대조군 및 염산리도카인 농도 2.5ppm군, 5ppm군, 10ppm군, 20ppm군을 대상으로 실험후 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분, 240분 및 360분에 용존산소, ventilation rate, ammonia성 질소 및 pH를 측정하였다. 실험후 시간 경과에 따라 고농도 염산리도카인군, sham 대조군, 대조군 순으로 용존산소량이 높았으며 ventilation rate도 용존산소량의 결과와 상응하였다. 염산리도카인군은 물질대사가 저하하였기에 물질대사물인 ammonia 배출이 대조군에 비해 낮았고, 염산리도카인군에서는 농도의존적으로 ammonia 농도가 낮아졌다. 실험후 시간경과에 따른 sham 대조군과 염산리도카인군의 pH 감소는 대조군의 pH 감소에 비해 그 감소 정도가 약하게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 염산리도카인은 버들개의 운송실험시 진정제로 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1994

염산 lidocaine의 피하 주입시 발생되는 고통을 감소시키기 위하여 8.4% sodium bicarbonate로 중화시켜 사용해 보았다. 지원자를 대상으로한 실험군의 100%에서 예상된 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2004

Recently, less toxic and more effective anaesthetics are essential for marine fishes. Lidocaine belongs to a group of anaesthetics which are used as local anaesthetic in human medicine. This chemical was tested fer winter flounder, Pleunnectes americanus. Anaesthetic effect of lidocaine hydrochloride-sodium bicarbonate mixture (lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$) was tested for the winter flounder at five different temperature regimes: $3^{\circ}C,\;7^{\circ}C,\;11^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C\;and\;19^{\circ}C$ Anaesthetic dose and temperature-dependent relationship in exposure and recovery time were observed for the winter flounder of $17.2{\pm}0.1cm$ mean total length. Based on the results, anaesthetic lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ showed rapid exposure time and rapid recovery time for winter flounder. The results indicate that lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ can be used as suitable anaesthetic for this species.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Background: Palatal injection of local anesthetics is the most painful injection. To obviate the need for palatal injections, local anesthetic agents with diffusibility are being investigated. Hence the present study was designed to analyze the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline and 4% articaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline using single buccal infiltration for the extraction of maxillary premolars. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical study was performed on 60 consecutive systemically healthy patients with an age range of 15-30 years, requiring extraction of asymptomatic bilateral maxillary premolars for orthodontic purposes. They received 1ml buccal infiltration of 4% articaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on one side and 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on the other side. The extraction procedure on either side was scheduled 14 days apart. Parameters assessed were the time of onset of anesthesia, intraoperative discomfort, hemodynamic parameters, and the duration of analgesia. Analysis of the data was done using the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, and the chi-square test. Statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. Results: Articaine showed a faster time of onset and longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine. However, the difference in the intraoperative discomfort and hemodynamic parameters was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the extraction of maxillary premolars can be performed with a single buccal infiltration of 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline, which is one of the most commonly used local anesthetic agent.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2005

각시붕어, Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935)와 칼납자루, Acheilognathus koreensis (Kim and Kim, 1990)에 대한 염산리도카인과 Clove oil의 $10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$ 및 $25^{\circ}C$ 수온 조건에서의 마취 효과를 조사하였다. 3분 미만의 완전마취(Stage A5)와 10분 미만의 완전회복(Stage R5)을 기준시, 마취 수온 $20^{\circ}C$에서의 염산리도카인 적정 농도는 각시붕어와 칼납자루에서 각각 250${\~}$550 ppm, 150${\~}$550 ppm 이었으며 Clove oil에서는 각각 40${\~}$200 ppm, 80${\~}$240 ppm 이었다. 본 실험의 2종을 대상으로 한 염산리도카인과 Clove oil에 의한 마취시 negative곡선의 농도 의존성을 보였다. 회복시간은 마취제 농도에 따라 다소 변이를 보였으나, 일반적으로 고농도 마취는 긴 회복시간을 보였다. 마취 수온과 마취 효과는 있어 양성의 상관관계가 있어, 저온에서의 마취시 마취시간과 회복시간이 더 소요되었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 어류 마취제 염산리도카인과 Clove oil은 본 실험에 사용된 종들에 효과적인 마취제임을 시사한다. 본 연구로부터의 결과는 각시붕어와 칼납자루의 사육시 어체 진정이 요구되는 취급이나, 이들의 양식시 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Background: There have been few studies on the effect of an elevated concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride in the surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of 4% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine as inferior alveolar nerve block for the removal of an impacted lower third molar. Methods: This single-blind study involved 31 healthy patients (mean age: 23 y; range: 19-33 y) with symmetrically impacted lower third molars as observed on panoramic radiographs. Volunteers required 2 surgical interventions by the same surgeon with a 3-week washout period. The volunteers were assigned either 4% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine as local anesthetic during each operation. Results: We recorded the time of administration, need for additional anesthetic administration, total volume of anesthetic used. We found that the patient's preference for either of the 2 types of local anesthetic were significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the extent of pulpal anesthesia, surgical duration, and duration of soft tissue anesthesia were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our study suggested that inferior alveolar nerve block using 4% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic was clinically more effective than that using 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine; the surgical duration was not affected, and no clinically adverse effects were encountered.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1982

The effect of some surfactants, such as tween 40, tween 80, span 80, and triethanolamine, on the absorption of lidocaine was studied using goldfish as a model of absorption kinetics. This model was believed that reciprocal overturn time and death time were the occurrence of biological effect versus drug absorption. The results were as follows; The threshold concentration of lidocaine was significantly reduced by the surfactants. Overturn time and death time of goldfish in the lidocaine solution were reduced by such surfactants as tween 40, tween 80, span 80 and triethanolamine, and more reduced with increasing concentration of surfactants except tween 40 and tween 80. The plots of reciprocal death time versus lidocaine concentration were linear relationship with a positive concentration intercept such as minimum effective concentration (0.2-0.8%). As results it is believed that these surfactants may form complexes with lidocaine or affect the goldfish membrane to make more permeable to lidocaine, which is adsorbed more rapidly.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2010

A local anesthetic agent which is most commonly used for outpatients is lidocaine hydrochloride that contains epinephrine, which is for vasoconstriction in 1:100,000 concentration. This agent is known as a safe local anesthetic agent and has been used widely for topical use or injections. However, the allergic reaction that we will report in this case occurred when common local anesthesia was done intraorally, and the patient complained of hyperventilation, tachycardia, abdominal pain and unintentional tears. We experienced an allergic reaction after injecting the lidocaine hydrochloride and therefore report the case to suggest that local anesthesia should be always carried out very carefully.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2003

Anaesthetic effect of lidocaine hydrochloride-sodium bicarbonate mixture $(lidocaine\;HCL/NaHCO_3)$ and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) was tested for the greenling (Hexagyammos otakii) at three different temperature regimes: $12^{\circ}C,\;8^{\circ}C\;and\;24^{\circ}C.$ Based on the exposure and recovery time, effective dose of lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ was 800 ppm $(18^{\circ}C)\;and\;300\;ppm\;(24^{\circ}C)$ for greenling of $21.0\pm1.4\;cm$ body length. Anaesthetic dose and temperature-dependent relationship in exposure and recovery time were observed. Effective dose of MS-222 at $18^{\circ}C$ was proven to be 125 ppm and 150 ppm. Combination of lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ and MS-222, considerably reduced the dosage of each anaesthetic required to give rapid, deep anaesthetic condition. In the dry exposure after anaesthetic, the control fish exhibition $22\%$ mortality after dry exposure of 20 min; whereas, the anaesthetic condition with 800 ppm lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ for 1 min exhibited delayed recoveries from the anaesthetic condition with mortalities of $20\%,\;41\%,\;78\%\;and\;100\%$ after dry exposures of 8 min, 12 min, 16 min and 20 min, respectively. The results indicate that lidocaine $HCl/NaHCO_3$ can be used as suitable anaesthetic for the greenling.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

The wide deep penetrating wound of maxillofacial region should be early closed under emergency general anesthesia for the prevention of complications of bleeding, infection, shock & residual scars. But, if the emergency general anesthesia wound be impossible because of pneumoconiosis, obstructive pulmonary disease & hypovolemic shock, early primary closure should be done under local anesthesia by use of much amount of the anesthetic solution. The maximum dose of dental lidocaine (2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine) is reported to 7 mg/kg under 500 mg (13.8 ampules) in normal adult. But the maximum permissible dose of dental lidocaine can be changed owing to the general health, rapidity of injection, resorption, distribution & excretion of the drug. The blood level of overdose toxicity is above $4.0{\mu}g/ml$ in central nervous & cardiovascular system. The injection of dental lidocaine 1-4 ampules is attained to the blood level of $1{\mu}g/ml$ in normal healthy adult. The duration of anesthetic action in the dental 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100.000 epinephrine is 45 to 75 minutes and the period to elimination is about 2 to 4 hours. Therefore, authors selected the following anesthetic methods that the first injection of 6 ampules is applied into the deeper periosteal layer for anesthetic action during 1 hour, the second injection into the deeper muscle & fascial layer, the third injection into the superficial muscle and fascial layer, the fourth injection into the proximal skin & subcutaneous tissue and the fifth final injection into the distal skin & subcutaneous tissue. The total 26-28 ampules of dental lidocaine were injected into the wound as the regular time interval during 5-6 hours, but there were no systemic complications, such as, agitation, talkativeness, convulsion and specific change of vital signs and consciousness.