• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.340-360
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• 2005

Fishery resource rents(i.e. windfall gains or excess profit), which tend to lead a variety of important economic, social, political problems, have been a fundamental cause of unbalance between fishery resource use and management. Thus, there may exist several sorts of optimal level of resource utilization such as economic maximum sustainable yield, biological maximum sustainable yield, social optimum production, socio-political optimum yield, etc. The fishery resource use level seems to a large extent to be determined by the characteristics of fishermen's rent seeking structure. As well known, fishery resources as common properties have a characteristic of being difficult to establish private property rights. Therefore, their use rights are controlled by the permit and/or the license system. As a result, absolute or differential rents are formed by the changes in institutional arrangements. Rent problems are often transformed into serious socio-political issues when the rent in a given industry is much higher to a socially unacceptable extent than the average of other industries. However, individual fishermen or fishermen's groups tend to behave aggressively to change the existing fishery institutions towards maximizing fishery rents. These rent-seeking behaviors often tend to nullify fishery management schemes. The larger is the relative rent difference between fisheries and other industries, the more aggressive tend to be the rent-seeking behaviors in fisheries.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.643-656
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• 2019

인터넷을 비롯한 SNS의 발달은 렌터카 서비스를 IT기반의 카쉐어링 서비스로 변모시켰다. 카쉐어링 서비스는 비대면 온라인으로 자동차를 빌릴 수 있는 서비스로써 혼술, 혼밥에 익숙한 청년층이 선호하는 서비스가 되었다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 차종과 시각을 예약하고 가까운 지정 주차장에 가서 스마트폰으로 자동차문을 열고 운전을 하며 주행 거리만큼 후불 결재를 하는 아주 편리한 서비스이다. 그러나 운전 면허증이 없는 미성년자가 지인이 빌린 차를 대신 운전할 수도 있고, 카쉐어링 업체에 회원가입 할 때에 등록한 면허의 상태가 차를 빌리거나 운전 중에 면허 정지나 취소로 변동될 수 있으며 심지어는 음주상태인 사람이 차를 빌려 운전을 할 수도 있는 등의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 연구하였으며 제안한 방법은 가급적 카쉐어링 서비스 업체의 투자비용과 사용자의 불편함을 줄일 수 있는 방법이며 기존의 방법과 비교 및 분석하였다. 현재 카쉐어링 업체들은 회원 가입시에 휴대폰 본인인증, 본인 면허증등록, 본인 명의결제 정보등록을 철저히 요구하고 있다. 제안한 방법중에 '고객과의 영상통화 및 질의응답' 방법은 부적격한 다수의 운전자들이 돌아가면서 운전하는 것까지 막을 수 있으며 '보호자에게 문자전송' 방법은 간단한 방법이지만 효과적인 예방 방법이다. 제안한 방법이 효율적으로 활용되려면 카쉐어링 업체의 적극적인 운영과 정부의 정책이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2017

지난날 경쟁력과 부가가치 창출의 원천이 토지 노동 자본에서 창출되었다면 오늘날 21세기 지식기반경제에서 새로운 성장의 동력으로 기술이 주목 받고 있다. 이러한 세계경제 패러다임의 변화는 국제적 기술이전의 확산을 가져왔고 국제거래에 있어서 물품과 같은 유형재뿐만 아니라 특허나 노하우 등 대표되는 무형재의 거래도 점차 증가하고 있다. 국제라이선스계약은 기술이전의 대표적 형태로 기술제공자가 기술의 소유권은 그대로 보유한 채로 기술이용자에게 일정기간 기술의 실시만을 허락하고 그 대가로 로열티를 취하는 계약이다. 이러한 기술거래를 통한 경제적 이익은 계약의 원만한 이행과 종료로 실현할 수 있다. 한편 국제라이선스계약은 기술이라는 무형재를 대상으로 하면서 일정기간 대여를 목적으로 한다는 점에서 당사자간 의무가 국제상거래의 대표적 형태인 매매계약과 상이한 부분이 많다. 이에 본고에서는 국제라이선스계약상 당사자의 주요 의무와 각 의무에서 분쟁이 될 수 있는 쟁점을 살펴봄으로써 분쟁의 사전적 예방에 도움이 될 수 있는 시사점을 도출하고자 함을 목적으로 한다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.49-74
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• 2002

This study examines, from an economic perspective, the reasons for introducing a resource taxe system into the Korean off-shore fisheries and the type of charges that can be introduced. Following a review of the charging systems in other advanced fisheries, we consider the types of charging scheme and some implications for the Korean off-shore fishing industry. Charges could be used for recovering part of fisheries management cost from the industry(i.e. administration, enforcement, research, etc). This can be justified on the grounds that the fishing industry is the main beneficiary of management and that it should therefore bear at least part of the cost involved. It is arguable that publicly-funded management is in effect a subsidy to the industry. Using charges to raise revenue in excess of the cost of management would represent the extraction of a public rent from the fishery resource, but the short-run financial consqquences for the industry would be significant. Results from a qualtitative analysis suggest that while any new charge will have a significant financial impact on the industry in the short run, a landings tax would have a lesser impact on fleet structure in the long run. The study also considers the possibility of a capital gains tax on license sales in order to recover some rent from the industry. Despite any short run-financial consequences, making the fishing industry pay for at least some of the cost of management could benefit the industry as a whole if there were more cooperation between industry and managers as a result. It is acknowledged, however, that there could be disputes over the relative management costs of different sectors of the industry. Even though this study makes few specific recommendations about charging the Korean off-shore fishing industry, it does advise that the issue be reviewed on the basis of the entire Korea fisheries. Finally, the study notes that insufficient data are available on the economic performance of the Korean off-shore fishing vessels and it recommands that a comprehensive system for the collection of costs and earnings data be put in place. It also suggests that MOMAF pay much attention to the permit right market and its transactions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Purpose - This study's purpose is to investigate the market structure of the Korean duty free shop industry that has received recent attention from researchers and practitioners. By raising the question of whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is unequivocally monopolistic, a wider viewpoint is provided. The study seeks to offer insights and managerial implications for marketers and policy makers who are in charge of regulating major Korean duty free shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors use secondary data from various sources, including Korea Customs Service and the Moodie Report, to investigate the structure of the duty free shop industry of Korea. Based on several theories, they present various criteria and statistical evidence such as K-firm concentration ratio, HHI, consumer substitutability, excess profit, and marketing costs. Results - In terms of consumer substitutability, it is difficult to confirm whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is monopolistic. Notwithstanding monopoly characteristics in terms of market share, neither the company Lotte nor Shilla appear to have market dominating power. It is not easy for either of them to control prices or to achieve a much lower operational profit ratio due to a dominant bargaining power. Moreover, the license is not an economic rent. In this situation, it is not easy for these companies to obtain an excessive profit. Conclusions - Considering that most global duty free shops are trying to go upscale to improve bargaining power, it does not seem likely that rigid regulations are needed in the industry. Even though the Korean duty free industry ostensibly has a monopolistic structure, government and policy-makers should look beyond the surface. They should take global and other reasonable criteria into consideration when they establish or change regulation policies. Thorough understanding and appropriate support are needed for the Korean duty free shop industry. Additionally, duty free shops should position themselves as global companies struggling against unlimited international competition, rather than Korean domestic companies. At the same time, they need to give customers appropriate information about the benefits they provide.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2003

During the past 100 years, Korean fisheries management policies have enforced the license system, it is the most typical regulation system in Korean fisheries. Even now, it has caused resource management failure, it has also invited economic inefficiency and inequity. Accordingly, the Korean government has recently introduced the self-regulatory management system for fishermen with the TAC system. These systems are one of the most market-oriented regulation systems in fisheries management systems. It is defined as regulatory policy tools other than regulations with command and control approach. It is also called “alternatives” which is composed of regulatory alternatives and non-regulatory alternatives. The self-regulatory management system and the ITQ system are cooperative-based co-management between government and fishermen as an alternative management strategy ; it is gaining the increasing attention to improve the effectiveness of fisheries management in Korea. It is expected not only to positively improve function in fisheries regulation, but also to decrease inefficiency in fisheries policies. However, these systems have many problems. The monopolization of rent is one of the typical examples. As solutions for the problem in the aspect of fishery management, fisheries policy is need of approach to industrial organization. For instance, Contestable market theory is one of the good theoretical background, it mean that market is able to free entry and free exit. Thus, fisheries management carry out policies such as revitalization of the used market of capital goods in fisheries, organize of the self-regulatory management group. Conclusively, as the exploiters and managers, fishers and the government should put emphasis on improving economic efficiency so that fishery would grow as an industry that contributes to the increase of social welfare, and the change to that direction will be the only way for our fisheries to preserve its importance.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.295-326
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• 2015

2012. 2. 1. 의료법이 개정되며 의료인은 2개 이상의 의료기관을 개설할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 운영에도 관여할 수 없게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 개정 법률의 입법목적이 무엇인지 불분명할 뿐 아니라 여러 제반사정을 기초로 입법목적을 확정하더라도 개정 법률이 그러한 목적을 달성하기에 적합한 수단이 되기 어렵다. 이 글에서는 의료법 개정 경과와 의료기관 1인 1개설주의의 연혁, 개정 의료법의 입법목적을 확정 검토하는 한편, 개정 의료법이 제한하는 기본권과 명확성의 원칙, 과잉금지원칙을 토대로 동 법률의 위헌성을 살펴보기로 한다.