• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.199-217
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of an after-school picture-book program on the happiness and socio-emotional ability levels of first graders. The subjects consisted of 44 elementary school first graders; of these, 22 formed the experimental and 22 formed the control group. A detailed analysis of both happiness and socio-emotional ability levels was undertaken to determine the homogeneity of the two groups. A broad variety of activities using 12 picture-books were applied to the experimental group for twelve-week periods. The results of this study were as follows; the after-school program using picture books was effective in strengthening children's levels of both happiness and socio-emotional ability.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.221-250
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• 2017

This study aims to discuss the basic foundations to set levels and language skills for developing a Korean Proficiency Test for young and adolescent learners. Recently, there has been an increase in demand regarding young and adolescent learners from multicultural and overseas backgrounds. However, the current Korean Proficiency Test lacks the appropriate means to determine the Korean proficiency of young and adolescent learners with general purposes of language learning. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing a specialized and new form of language assessment for young and adolescent learners who are exposed to a foreign language or a second language learning environment. The study examines and analyzes cases of foreign language examinations for young & adolescent learners; furthermore, the objectives and target were set based on the results of a needs analysis and in-depth interviews conducted among teachers and education officials in overseas Korean Hangeul Schools, international schools, elementary and secondary schools. Finally, the levels and language skills appropriate for the objectives of a proficiency test and target learners have been suggested.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the measurement equivalence and to suggest application ways in teaching aptitude and personality test results for pre-service mathematics teachers between a graduate school of education and a college of education. This study analyzed the scores of the teaching aptitude and personality test of 36 pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in a graduate school of education and 111 pre-service mathematics teachers in a college of education by performing a multivariate generalizability analysis. The main results were as follows. First, graduate's pre-service mathematics teachers had a higher level of teaching aptitude and personality than that of college's pre-service mathematics teachers based on the total scores. In addition, graduate's pre-service mathematics teachers had higher levels of teaching aptitude and personality than those of college's pre-service mathematics teachers except for a creativity application domain based on the sub-domain scores. Second, cognitive domains were measured more precisely but affective domains were measured less precisely for graduate's pre-service mathematics teachers than for college's pre-service mathematics teachers. Third, regardless of school levels, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ values, which might be overestimated by applying the classical test theory, were higher than dependability coefficients. Fourth, this study showed a somewhat negative result in ensuring the measurement equivalence for a problem solving exploration domain. However, regardless of school levels, this study indicated that the overall measurement was generally reliable on composite scores. Based on these results, it was confirmed that multivariate generalizability methodologies' approach can be useful for exploring the measurement equivalence issues. Finally, this study suggests how to utilize the results of the test, how to apply a multivariate generalizability analysis for detecting the measurement equivalence, and how to develop future research based on limitations.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and exercise on nutritional status in hemodialysis patients, with regard to quality of life (QoL), and fatigue. The subjects were divided into two groups : an educated (E) group (11 men and 9 women) and a non-educated (NE) group (7 men and 22 women). The educated group received a nutrition education and a regular exercise program for 3 months. Data on anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were obtained from medical records. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were assessed through questionnaires and three-day food records. QoL (through the SF-36 questionnaire) and fatigue (measured by a visual analogue scale questionnaire) were assessed before and after the interventions. Dietary habit scores regarding food variety and fluid intake control significantly increased (P<0.05) after the nutrition education. Furthermore, the intake of total energy, carbohydrates, Fe, and vitamin A significantly increased (P<0.05). Vitamin C intake also significantly increased (P<0.01). Hb levels decreased whereas TG levels increased in the NE group. BUN levels decreased in the E group. After the nutrition education, QoL aspects, such as feelings of pain and general health, and the total score significantly increased (P<0.05) and the level of fatigue score decreased (P<0.01). The results of this study indicate that nutrition education and exercise for hemodialysis patients provides changes in dietary habit, daily nutrient intake, biochemical parameters, QoL, and the level of fatigue. Therefore, nutrition education and exercise help improve nutritional status and QoL.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.389-409
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.204-218
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the representation patterns used by elementary teachers and their meaning-making process in electromagnetic experiments. In particular, we analyzed the representations depending on three levels of their abstractness: enactive representation (action based), iconic representation (image based) and symbolic representation (language based). For this, four experiment activities of two teachers were analyzed and the results are as follows. First, as an overall pattern of representation, an experiment subject is presented as the form of symbolic representation and the related concepts, experimental materials and methods are embodied through iconic representation. Then, through enactive representation, the actual experiments are implemented. The experimental results are primarily recorded through iconic representations and abstracted into symbolic representations to draw conclusions. The different levels of representations complement each other to expand their meanings, however, sometimes they also make inconsistent meanings among different levels. Based on these results, educational implications were discussed in terms of supporting and improving electromagnetic experiment activities.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to confirm prenatal health management and educational needs for pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) and pregnant women under 35 years of age. Methods: This study was a descriptive research in which self-report questionnaires were used. Participants were 279 pregnant women (83 AMA and 196 less than 35). Results: Only 32.5% of AMA women had received prenatal education and 51.8% reported wanting internet education. AMA women, compared to the under 35 women, had higher levels of self-awareness of health problems and possibility of health problems but lower levels of alcohol experience before pregnancy. For prenatal health management, scores were low for prenatal exercise, prenatal education and nutrition. For prenatal health management education, AMA women reported high levels of need for education on health problems. Conclusion: The results indicate that prenatal health management education must be given considering differences in age-related requirements by emphasizing health care and obstetric complications during pregnancy for AMA women and anemia and information on substance use during pregnancy for women under 35. Reliable internet-based education programs need to be developed using available information and communication technology for the increasing number of employed pregnant women.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.581-592
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• 2013

Various data and methods are necessary to help students understand the science subject, and have interest in it. Most students like cartoons, and more easily memorize their contents. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of science cartoon reading on the academic achiements, the levels of interests in science and scientific attitudes of elementary students The study subjects were four classes of the 6th grade of G elementary school in U city. Two classes were experimental group and the others were comparison group. The students of the experimental classes were encouraged to read science cartoon related to class contents at the beginning and ending for 5 minutes respectively in instructional time. And those of the comparison classes received general science lesson. The results of this study were as follows. First, the experimental classes encouraged to read science cartoon marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and the difference was meaningful (p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of the levels of interest in science of student. Second, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test but didn't show meaningful difference. This meant science cartoon reading treatment didn't have the effect of improvement of academic achievement of students in our study. Third, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and showed the meaningful difference(p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of scientific attitudes of students. From the results thus far, we could tell that science cartoon reading had positive effects on the levels of interest in science and scientific attitudes of students in our study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2022

Essential minerals are important for human health because they support biochemical reactions in metabolism and may play a role in the development of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD). We investigated the relationship between calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total protein, glucose and vitamin D levels in G6PD deficiency in this study. The control group consisted of 40 people (23 females and 17 males) and the patient group consisted of 50 people (20 females and 30 males), all of whom were between the ages of (1-12 years). The findings revealed that the calcium level in patients, depending on sex factor, has a highly significant increase (p <0.0001) when compared to the control group, especially in children who are females rather than males who are affected by G6PD deficiency. In addition, the level of magnesium was found to be significantly different (p <0.0001) in children male patients when compared to the control group. On the other side, the level of total protein was found to be significantly high in children patients (p <0.01) when comparing with control group, and the levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be highly significant increase (p <0.001) in patients when comparing to healthy groups, vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p <0.0001) with G6PD deficiency comparing to control group. In conclusion, the low and high significant associations between vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, and glucose indicate that more research is needed to better understand their roles in G6PD development.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

Purpose : To assess knowledge levels of cancer warning signs, a descriptive study wad conducted in Chungju rural area. Materials and Methods : We conducted a population-based study of men women who were 30 years of age or older, living in a three myens of Chungju rural area. Of 8,026 residents in 3 Myens, 1,148 adults(30 years of age or older) were completed structured questionnaire survey from July 21, 1997 to July 26, 1997. 7 cancer warning signs were used to assess knowledge level of cancer warning signs. Results : Participants in this study were poorly informed about the cancer warning signs, and the 24.9% of participants and divided by two groups. The high level group was 19.3%, and the low 80.7%. In this initial univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs: age, sex, education, living with parter, annual income, smoking status, hepatitis vaccination, perceived possibility of cancer, previous cancer-screening examinations. In multivariate logistic analysis, we found three variables, sex, education level, previous pap-smear test, are significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs. The knowledge level was higher among women, people with higher education, and those who had previous pap-smear examination. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that cancer warning signs are not common knowledge among the rural public. It also indicates the need for cancer education to improve knowledge in the rural public and the develop education programmes targeted especially at the old, men, and those who had not cancer screening examination should be considered to plan.