• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consumer's status type (status consistency and status inconsistency) on clothing expenditures. Data were obtained from Urban Household Economy Survey published by the National Statistical Office. Multiple regression analyses of variance and Scheffe tests were4 utilized in this study. The effect of the status inconsistency was categorized by three variables such as education occupation and income levels of households. The overprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent most on clothing whereas the underprivileged status group which had higher levels of income than the levels of occupation of education spent least on clothing. This study showed that there were significant differences in clothing expenditures among status groups classified by levels of income and education or by levels of income and occupation. Among status group classified by levels of education and income there was a significant difference in clothing expenditures between overprivileged status group and underprivileged status group. In conclusion income has the strongest effect on the clothing expenditures. The results of study can help to understand consumer buying behavior and also give insights of marketing strategy in the apparel industry.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the reasons of changes in motivation of pre-service teachers who major in environmental education. Qualitative case study methods were adopted to collect and analyze data from six(6) pre-service teachers in environmental education department. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with them on the levels of motivation toward their studios. The study results are as follows. The levels of motivation toward their studies were shown differently by each of the pre-service teachers. Some of the pre-service teachers reported that their levels of motivation toward environmental education had changed since the college entrance. The reasons for the changes include 'suitability of environmental education to personal propensity,' 'college courses they took', and 'personal experiences.' Some of the pre-service teachers reported that the levels of motivation for their majors did not changed since he or she was pursuing other goals rather than being an environmental educator.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The current South Korean government policy on food irradiation technology should be reformed based on an in-depth investigation of the communications aspect, because the issue is no longer of a technological nature, given the proven safety and efficacy of the processes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The target population of the education program consisted of elementary, middle, and high school students attending 310 schools in South Korea (2013: 63 schools, 2014: 104 schools, 2015: 143 schools). Data subjected to analysis were 13,327 pre-education and 12,641 post-education questionnaires received from 7,582 elementary, 2,671 middle, and 3,249 high school students who participated in the education program from May 2012 to April 2015 (n = 12,831), after the exclusion of inadequately filled-in questionnaires. RESULTS: Analysis of the three-year educational effect trend was conducted by comparing levels of variables before and after food radiation education. The analysis yielded the finding that the post-education levels were significantly higher for all variables. That is, for interest in education, perception (necessity, safety, subjective knowledge, and information acquisition), objective knowledge, and attitude, with the sole exception of objective knowledge in 2013. CONCLUSIONS: Given that post-education levels of perception, knowledge, and attitude concerning irradiated foods increased considerably compared to pre-education levels, behavior change should be induced by providing continuous education to enhance, these primary variables.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.778-786
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of different exercise intensities on biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammation, and muscle damage. Eighteen healthy and untrained male subjects were enrolled.Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to a moderate-intensityexercise(MIE, $65%VO_2max$) group(n=9) or a high-intensity exercise(HIE, $85%VO_2max$) group(n=9).Blood samples were collectedimmediately pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 60min post-exercisetoexamine oxidant-antioxidant balance(d-ROMs; BAP), inflammation(CRP; fibrinogen), muscle damage(CK; LDH), and lactate. Serum d-ROMs and BAP levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in HIE group(p<0.05). Lactate levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared pre-exercise levels in both the MIE and HIE groups(p<0.05). In addition, post-exercise serum d-ROMs and plasma lactate levels were significantly higher in the HIE group than in the MIE group(p<0.05). These results suggest that although relatively high-intensity exercises may increase oxidative stress levels in the body, they do not produce inflammatory response and/or muscle damage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2016

Background: Vitamin D is known to have diverse effects on various systems in the body. There is evidence to suggest that a link exists between the serum vitamin D status and tuberculosis. The present study was designed to assess the alterations in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in newly diagnosed sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to study the association, if any, between serum vitamin D levels and different levels of sputum smear positivity. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated in 65 sputum AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 65 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in tuberculosis patients were not statistically different from the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in healthy controls. However, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and levels of sputum positivity. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlates with bacterial load in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.229-245
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• 2015

In this study, I investigated how pre-service teachers (PSTs) proved three geometric problems by using Geometer's SketchPad (GSP) software. Based on observations in class and results from a test of geometric reasoning, eight PSTs were sorted into four of the five van Hiele levels of geometric reasoning, which were then used to predict the PSTs' levels of reasoning on three tasks involving proofs using GSP. Findings suggested that the ways the PSTs justified their geometric reasoning across the three questions demonstrated their different uses of GSP depending on their van Hiele levels. These findings also led to the insight that the notion of "proof" had somewhat different meanings for students at different van Hiele levels of thought. Implications for the effective integration of technology into pre-service teacher education programs are discussed.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

This study was to analyse the understanding of the concepts of science based on the 6th graders' levels of logical thinking in elementary schools. To achieve the goal of this study, logical thinking test was given to 108 6th graders of elementary school and 32 students were interviewed. The result of this study was as follows. First, 61.1% of students were in concrete operational period in their logical thinking, 27.8% were in their transitional period, and 11.1% were in their formal operational period. By using Flow-Map, 32 students were analyzed and their levels of logical thinking was significantly associated with their understanding of concept. Students' flexibility of cognitive structure was significantly associated with logical thinking and the levels of understanding concepts as well. However, misconception didn't show significant association with levels of logical thinking. Second, the characters of understanding of scientific concept by their levels of logical thinking was that as you get higher levels of logical thinking, their cognitive structure to understand concept was more systemized, in order and more logical. The result of this study suggested the followings in science experiment class. First, 6th graders of elementary schools had various levels of logical thinking and that affected to their understanding of scientific concepts. Therefore, lesson planning and class should be done by reflecting their different levels of logical thinking. Second, since they had different levels of logical thinking, various teaching methods should be utilized to make students understand scientific concepts more systematically.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.645-653
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• 2004

이 연구의 목적은 고등학교 2학년 학생들의 인지수준과 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서 내용이 요구하는 인지수준을 비교 분석하는 것이었다. 연구를 위하여 고등학교 2학년 학생 456명을 대상으로 GALT 축소본을 이용하여 인지수준을 조사하였으며, 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서의 물과 공기 두 개 단원에서 15개의 과학 개념을 추출하고, CAT 분석틀을 이용하여 화학I 교과서 내용이 요구하는 인지수준을 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 고등학교 2학년 학생들의 52.5%가 형식적 조작기 수준에 도달했으며, 28.3%의 학생들은 과도기 수준에, 나머지 19.5%의 학생들은 구체적 조작기 수준에 있었다. 인문계 고등학교 학생의 68.9%, 공업계 고등학교 학생의 6.6%가 형식적 조작기 수준에 도달하였고, 논리 유형별 형성정도도 계열별 차이가 매우 컸다. 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서의 내용을 이해하는데 필요한 인지수준을 분석한 결과, 일부 탐구 활동의 경우를 제외하고는 교육과정의 변화에도 과학 개념의 인지요구도는 크게 변화하지 않았다. 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서에 제시된 과학 개념의 인지수준은 고등학교 2학년 학생들의 인지수준에 비해 높은 편이었으나, 탐구 활동의 인지수준은 고등학교 2학년 학생들의 인지수준과 비슷한 편이었다. 현직 화학 교사들은 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서가 제6차 교육과정의 화학I 교과서에 비해서 내용 축소와 실생활 소재를 많이 반영하고 있는 것을 바람직하다고 생각하였으나, 과학 개념이 너무 축소되어 화학I 교과서와 화학II 교과서 사이의 내용 수준에 차이가 많이 나는 것을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 제7차 교육과정에 의한 화학I 교과서 내용이 형식적 조작기 수준을 많이 요구하고 있으므로, 고등학생들의 인지수준에 맞는 다양한 교수-학습 방법과 교재가 개발되어야 한다고 생각한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2005

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

본 연구는 교사의 소속 학교급과 영재교육 경험에 따라 융합교육에 대한 집단적 교수효능감과 장애요인의 인식은 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 241명의 초 중등교사가 집단적 교수효능감 및 융합교육의 장애요인에 대한 인식을 묻는 설문에 응답하였다. 본 연구는 소속 학교급과 영재교육 경험에 따른 집단적 교수효능감 및 융합교육 장애요인에 대한 교사인식의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 이원분산분석과 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 소속 학교급과 영재교육 경험에 따른 집단적 교수효능감은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이에 비해 융합교육의 장애요인에 대한 교사인식은 소속 학교급 및 영재교육 경험에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 초등교사가 중등교사보다, 그리고 영재교사가 일반교사보다 융합교육을 교육현장에 적용함에 있어 그 장애요인을 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 융합교육의 현장정착을 위하여 소속 학교급과 영재교육 경험에 따라 고려해야 할 점과 방향성을 제안하였다.