• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.438-456
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• 2018

This study aims to understand the importance of commercialization of research and development projects and examines key factors that allow successful technology transfer and commercialization. Given the characteristics of the railway research project, and assuming that R&D input factors would vary depending on the technology readiness level and the degree of research convergence, this study analyzes the moderating effect of each R&D input factor on technology transfer and commercialization to determine their eventual impact. Through this study, it was found that it was necessary to proceed to technology transfer and commercialization of the national research and development projects via strategic workforce composition and allocation of research funding given the subjects and development goals of R&D projects.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived parenting behaviors and dispositional gratitude of adolescent children in Korea. Participants consisted of 403 high school students from the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. Dispositional gratitude of adolescents and parenting behaviors (including respect, lessons, attention, and lack of trust) were reported by adolescents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analyses. The results were as follows. First, the average levels of parental lack of trust and maternal attention were different as a function of gender. Second, girls showed higher levels of dispositional gratitude than boys. Third, greater parental respect, lessons, and attention were linked to higher levels of dispositional gratitude of adolescent children; whereas lack of trust was linked to lower levels of dispositional gratitude. Fourth, paternal lessons was the most meaningful factor in explaining the level of dispositional gratitude in boys while maternal attention was the most meaningful factor in girls. These results suggest that parents play an important role in the development of dispositional gratitude in adolescents. Differential parental roles were discussed to promote the level of dispositional gratitude for adolescents.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

Methodology and application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for policies, plans, and programs are still new approach in Vietnam. With a support from Vietnam-Swedish Project (SEMLA) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), SEA for the Tonkin Gulf Coastal Economic Belt Development Plan was conducted in 2008. Lessons obtained from this SEA may contribute to improving methods and practicing SEAs for regional development. The main lessons summarized in this paper are: (i) close cooperation between the planning and environmental teams from the beginning phase of a master plan; (ii) SEA should focus not only on impacts to the natural environment but also on main issues of socio-economic aspects; (iii) approaches and methods used in SEA should be appropriate to properly predict the impacts at regional-levels and cumulative impacts; (iv) a good SEA study may be achieved when detailed data on the environment and socio-economy of the study area are available and have active engagement of stakeholders, including project affected sectors, ecologists, planners, policy makers, etc. This paper is useful for whom, those work in SEA in regional development.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.343-344
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• 2017

Plants are able to recognize even small changes in surrounding temperatures to optimize their growth and development. At warm temperatures, plants exhibit diverse architectural adjustments, including hypocotyl and petiole elongation, leaf hyponasty, and reduced stomatal density. However, it was previously unknown how such warm temperatures affected the early stages of seedling development. In our recent study, we demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein, FCA, is critical for sustaining chlorophyll biosynthesis during early seedling development, which is a prerequisite for autotrophic transition at warm temperatures. FCA plays a dual role in this thermal response. It inhibits the rapid degradation of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases (PORs) that mediate chlorophyll biosynthesis. In addition, it induces the expression of POR genes at the chromatin level, which contributes to maintaining functional enzyme levels. Our findings provide molecular basis for the thermal adaptation of chlorophyll biosynthesis during the early stages of seedling development in nature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effects of dietary cellulose and protein levels on chick performance, four semi-purified diets were formulated so as to contain cellulose at levels of 5% (LC) and 20% (HC) in combination with 10% (LP) and 20% (HP) protein, and fed ad libitum to 1-week-old White Leghorn male chicks for 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency between the LC-HP and HC-HP groups. All parameters were lower in the LP groups; the HC-LP group consumed very small amount of feed and lost body weight during the experiment. The retention rates of DM, ash, nitrogen and energy were higher in the HP than the LP groups. The triglyceride concentration of carcass was lower in the HC-LP group and that of liver was higher in the LC-LP group. The carcass total cholesterol level was higher in the HC-HP group. The relative weight of most digestive organs was higher in the HP group irrespective of the cellulose level. In conclusion, the chick performance was primarily influenced by dietary protein level, and when the chicks were fed inadequate levels of protein, the low cellulose level gave a better performance than the high cellulose level.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.725-734
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• 1996

The present study has been performed to revise the forms of early-onset periodontitis(EOP) into the homogeneous phenotypic subsets by cluster analysis using sets of clinical parameters. Retrospective radiographic interproximal alveolar bone levels were measured from cemento-enamel junctions on patients who have previously been diagnosed as having one of EOP during last 5 years. Mean interproximal bone levels(BL) and mesial bone level(Ratio) of 1st molars relative to mean interproximal bone levels of adjacent teeth(lst and 2nd premolars and canines)were calculated on each patient. Using parameters BL and Ratio(BR group) or BL, Ratio and age(BRA group), cluster analysis was performed to revise EOP patients into homogeneous subsets. At least three or four cluster could be homogeneously formed both in BR or BRA groups with statistically significant differences in parameters used among clusters as evidenced by MANOVA test. It was shown that the greater the BL, the smaller the Ratio was. It was also evident that mean interproximal bone levels were lowest aroud 1st molars and/or incisors regardless of cluster types. The results has provided cluster-based studies for identifying laboratory markers responsible for the development of EOP subsets.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2022

Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease. The environmental and genetic factors can cause the development of hypertension. In this study, the relationship between hypertension and family history of hypertension in Koreans was analyzed in consideration of serum fasting blood glucose levels and age. The study subjects were 2,484 subjects who had a medical examination at a university hospital. The main statistical analysis method was multiple logistic regression analysis. Hypertension prevalence was 16.4% of all subjects, and subjects with a family history of hypertension were 23.5%. The risk of hypertension was 2.36 times higher in subjects with a family history of hypertension than subjects without a family history of hypertension. In addition, in the subjects with fasting blood glucose levels more than 120 mg/dL, the risk of hypertension was 4.44 times higher in subjects with a family history of hypertension compared with subjects without a family history of hypertension. The relationship between family history and hypertension was slightly higher in the older group than in the younger group. To assess the association between hypertension and family history, further cohort study is necessary in the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2001

For the first time the concentrations of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and crome in the tissues from 17 specimens of cetaceans of Korean coast were determined. The measured concentrations of trace elements were considerably lower than the concentrations previously reported in cetaceans. In inter-species, Cd levels were higher in the kidney of Stejneger's beaked whales and the stomach, liver and lung of Risso's dolphin than in the tissues of minke whale and humpback whale.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure tourists' preference for alternative restaurants with different combinations of attribute levels: grown area logo, origin description, traditional food, fusion food, national food, and price. A total of 210 questionnaires were completed. A conjoint experimental method was used to develop hypothetical restaurants, and an ordinal probit model was used to measure the effects of the attribute levels on tourists' preference. The ordinal probit model analysis results for the data indicated an excellent model fit. The effects of the attribute levels on tourists' preferences were statistically significant. As expected, estimates of the marginal willingness to pay were statistically significant Moreover, the tourists were more willing to pay for grown area logo as compared to the other attribute levels. The tourists also considered the grown area logo as a very important attribute. Withe regard to developing and testing conjoint models in the design of choice experiments involving multifactor alternatives, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the conjoint experiment. Greater understanding of the conjoint experiment can improve the managerial diagnoses of the problems as well as the opportunities for different marketing strategies including local branding programs and menu development and marketing communications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.519-522
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• 2013

Timely diagnosis of hyponatremia is important for preventing potential morbidity and mortality as it is often an indicator of underlying disease. The most common cause of eurvolemic hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. Recent studies have demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) $1{\beta}$ and IL-6 are involved in the development of hyponatremia, a condition that is associated with severe inflammation and is related to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Serum sodium levels in hyponatremia are inversely correlated with the percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal-pro brain type natriuretic peptide. Additionally, elevated levels of serum IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ are found in inflammatory diseases, and their levels are higher in patients with hyponatremia. Because it is significantly correlated with the degree of inflammation in children, hyponatremia could be used as a diagnostic marker of pediatric inflammatory diseases. Based on available evidence, we hypothesize that hyponatremia may be associated with inflammatory diseases in general. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for augmented ADH secretion during inflammation, monitoring patient sodium levels, and selecting the appropriate intravenous fluid treatment are important components that may lower the morbidity and mortality of patients in a critical condition.