• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.1256-1259
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• 2002

In this paper, we have proposed license plate recognition system for multi-national vehicle license plate using geometric features along with hybrid and seven segment pattern vectors. In the proposed system, we suggested to find horizontal and vertical relation after going through preparation process with inputted real-time license plate image of Korea and Japan, and then to classify license plate with using characteristic and geometric information of license plates. It classifies the extracted license plate images into letters and numbers, such as local name, local number, classification character and license consecutive numbers, and recognize license plate of Korea and Japan by applying hybrid and seven segments pattern vectors to classified letter and number region. License plate extraction step of the proposed system uses width and length information along with relative rate of Korean and Japanese license plate. Moreover, it exactly segmentation by letters with using each letter and number position information within license plate region, and recognizes Korean and Japanese license plates by applying hybrid and seven segment pattern vectors, containing characteristics related to letter size and movement within segmented letter area. As the result of testing the proposed system in real experiment, it recognized regardless of external lighting conditions as well as classifying license plates by nations, Korea and Japan. We have developed a system, recognizing regardless of inputted structural character of vehicle licenses and external environment.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.221-259
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• 1990

Four experiments explored how the size ratio of two letter patterns affects jundgment times in a same-different matching task.Size, continuity of strokes,positions of the two vowel letters were systematically varied in order to test predictions,derved from the following hypotheses:Analogue transformation,position,use of diagnostic information,and decision sriteria.Size ratio influenced only reaction times for same responses and,more importantly,changes in the length of a horizintal line in a letter affected same responses more than the other feature.Taken together,the present experiments provide support for the diagnostic information hypothesis, while casting in doubt the other hypotheses on the nature of size transformations.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.13.2-18
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude related to the purchasing and wearing dress shoes for Korean adult women. 480 adult women age from 18 to 86 years participated in the survey and they were recruited in Seoul and Taejeon. The results were as following; 1. The most common dress shoes sizes were 235 and 240. 2. The subjects age uder 30 years perceived that the fashion is mor important than the comfort when they purchase dress shoes. The suvjects age over 60 years preferred shoes design giving comfort than fashionably designed one. 3. The most frequent complainings with dress shoe design were narrow shoe width, the stiffness of material, and discomfortable sole shape. 4. The letter size designation of dress shoes was not fulled recognized by the consumers. The use of letter size designastion was extremely low when they purchased shoes that fit their foot.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

Irradiation is a phenomenon that causes white objects on a black background to appear to spread into near dark backgrounds, but the reverse is not. In this study, the effects of font size and thickness of letters on the legibility were investigated in combinations of black letters/white background as well as white letters/black background. Ten subjects who had been no disease of eyes and their eyesight is over 1.0 were recruited and tested subjective assessments of letter sizes for various font sizes (2pt to 80pt) and thickness of letters (normal, bold) under 600lux illumination and 50cm-distance of eyes and target letters for this study. Ming-style font type which was generally used in text of books, papers, and journals were tested in this study. Results showed that generally people subjectively assessed the white letters on black background (W/B) were larger sizes of letters than the black letters on white background (B/W) even both letter sizes were the same in both normal and bold thickness of letters. This phenomenon was happened in case of only over 22 font size (with border line about 22~24pts). Less than 22 font sizes, many people reported that both letters (W/B and B/W) are looks the same sizes in normal as well as bold letters. These findings were interpreted also by the irradiation phenomenon and more detail information was presented in this manuscript.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how effective the existing sex education programs and letter to parents from school were for their know ledge and attitudes towards sex of the middle school students. Methods: Subjects were selected from first grade students in a middle school from May 30 through July 19, 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups of 70 students each, two experiment groups and one control group. The study was conducted by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The information letter from school to parents was made into four editions on double-sided A4 size paper and was handed out to students during weekly meeting. Both the students and their parents were required to read it and the parents were told to sign the papers. The sex education program applied in this study was recomposed based on the programs which were previously made by Sun Hee Park(2004) and Eun Ja Jung(2000). Content provided in the sex education program is identical to the one's in the information letter to parents. Experimental group 1 was required to read the four information letters to parents for two weeks, together with their parents. Group 2 experienced the sex education program four times in two weeks of time. The above two experimental groups and the control group were assessed on their knowledge and attitude towards sex twice, before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in sexual knowledge about sex between the three subject groups and such data supports the first hypothesis. There was significant difference in attitude towards sex between the three subject groups and such data support the second hypothesis. Conclusion: According to the experiment results, both the information letter to parents and programs about sex education were effective for the middle school students. Yet, teaching students with the program format was more successful than handout formats. However, using information letters to parents to educate students does not waste any school hours, so if school nurses can provide the students more papers, the educational effect will be greater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of the syllable number(one, two), font type(gothic, myung), color contrast (black on white, white on black), display type(paper, LCD), age(20s, 60s) and character size(2~80pt) on the Korean characters' legibility. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (20s: n=10, 60s: n=10, five male and five female in each group) participated in the legibility test. A target panel was presented in the distance of 50 cm, and subjects conducted a reading tests for, in total, 16 treatment conditions (full combination of syllable number, font type, color contrast and display type). Results showed that two-syllable words revealed better legibility than one-syllable character. The main effects of the age, display type, font type, color contrast, and character size were statistically significant(p<0.01). Paper showed better legibility than LCD, particularly in the 20s and in the character sizes of less than 9pt. Gothic revealed more correct answers than Myung, particularly in the 60s, paper, and white on black conditions. It is expected that these results can provide basic data for the determination of the Korean characters' minimum legible size standards. For example, the minimum legible size for the Gothic and black on white characters presented in the paper should be 5pt for 20s and 1lpt for 60s if the 75% correct reading(3 correct answers in this study) was applied for the legibility criterion.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.498-510
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• 2022

Among the various factors that form fonts, the concept of a new Korean font term called Inner Space Width was developed and the effect of changes in fonts applied to readability was analyzed. [Experiment 1] An empirical analysis was attempted on how the Korean-shaped Outer Space Width affects readability among the texts. Among the factors that make up the paragraph, Outer Space Width by letter size, letter size, letter spacing, letter spacing, and letter shape was composed of Yoon Myung-jo 110-160 and Inner Space Width of Yoon Myung-jo 110 was the widest at 26.83%. [Experiment 2] In-depth interviews with experts were conducted to derive factors and evaluation indicators constituting the inner space. Inner Space Width is evaluated as a complex factor that affects preference and fatigue, and is related to understanding and speed. This study empirically reviewed the effect on readability using the concept of Inner Space Width in the absence of existing research on Hangul-shaped fast space, and is expected to be actively used in the development of fonts in the future.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.142-145
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• 2012

The main challenge at present in constructing hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) is to solve the trade-off between private-key size and ciphertext size. At least one private-key size or ciphertext size in the existing schemes must rely on the hierarchy depth. In this letter, a new hierarchical computing technique is introduced to HIBE. Unlike others, the proposed scheme, which consists of only two group elements, achieves constant-size private keys. In addition, the ciphertext consists of just three group elements, regardless of the hierarchy depth. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first efficient scheme where both ciphertexts and private keys achieve O(1)-size, which is the best trade-off between private-key size and ciphertext size at present. We also give the security proof in the selective-identity model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1410-1420
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern by peirce's semiotic theory. The methods of this study was to analyze 721 T-shirts patterns in designer's collection from 2000 to 2004. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, iconic expression showed high frequency after 2000. Characteristics of effective expression were as follows: In geometric expression, repetition was presented as a symbolic sign by regular proportion and rule of dot, line, plane, irregularity, mixture of irregular dot, line, plane. Mixed expression was presented as a iconic and symbolic sign by collage, mixture of dot, line, plane, icon and letter. In iconic expression, simplification of iconic sigrl was presented as a iconic sign by simplification of form, color, texture, realistic expression using digital as a iconic sign, and symbolic face, body as a symbolic sign. Pop art's expression was presented as a iconic sign by a cartoon and commercial character and illusion was presented as a iconic sign. In letter's expression, brand logo was presented as a symbolic sign by transformation of letter's design, a symbolic sign of numeral by transformation of size, thickness, form, color. Symbolic message phrase was presented by slogan, fashion trend, brand image, descriptive indication message as a index sign by using icon or singleness. In conclusion, characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern will present not only the theoretical foundation to raise the value added, but also the information about beauty sense of times, political and social value.