• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.549-560
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to understand the arrangement of the religious food and religious diet in Kang-Rung region which was recogniged as cultural region. Investtigation was done by interview person to person, and the results are as follows. 1. The arrangement of religious food and regious diet in Kang-neung region were differed from home to home. 2. In Kang-neung region, Chu-suk religious ceremonies and religious diet were setted much religious diet than memorial service which was held on an anniversary of their's death. 3. At first line, they have arranged Hynbab and Kuk, or Papbaab and Miyegkuk or Paogikuk. On the other hand, Songpyen was placed in traditional standard setting. At second line, they have arranged Songpyen, Kijung, Aegeok, Yukgeok, Nurumgeok, DonBaegigeok, Memilgeok, and cooked octopus(muneo) on the Aegeok. They have also arranged fishes which were the cooked Alaska pollack(rnyongtai), codfish(daeku), flatfish (kajami), yellowtail(bangeo), salmon(yeoneo), trout(songeo) and Saegsunjeon, Dubujeon, Wanjajeon, Kokumajeon. At third line, they have arranged Yuktang, Sotang, Eotang, Altang which is boiled eggs. Altang was arranged instead of steamed chicken. At fourth line, they have arranged Bukeopo, Cuttlefish(dried Ojingeo), Gajamisikhe, Myungtaeposikhe. On the other hand, Sikhe was necessarily placed on the setting of traditional standard service for the ancestor. They have arranged also Chinese bellflower(Doragi), Fernbrake(Kosali), Spinach, Osmund (Kobi), Greenbean Sprouts, Leopard plant(Komchwi), Gourd(Pak), and Lentinus edodes (Pyokjo), but Kimchi was omitted. At fifth line, they have arranged Date, Chestnut, Persimmon, the fruit of Actinidia arguta(Dare), Heron, Banana, Kwajeul and Kangiung were considered as dishes. Dasik and biscut were also used for setting dishes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

This research studied the utilization of the bed log wastes as a papermaking grade pulp. Five different bed log samples from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing) cultivation were collected by the cultivating periods of 1 to 5 years. The wood chemical composition and the characteristics of kraft pulping of each sample were investigated. The results of chemical composition showed that the rate of carbohydrate (glucose and xylose) content in sapwood was decreased as the cultivation period was increased. In heartwood, there was no significant difference. The screening yield of non-cultivated bed log from kraft pulping was higher than that of cultivated one, but the reject of cultivated one, especially for 5 year-cultivated, was lower than non-cultivated bed log. The fiber length and width was continuously decreased as the cultivation period was increased. Therefore, the freeness of the pulp from the cultivated bed log was sharply decreased comparing to non-cultivated due to the fiber cutting and the increased fine content. The dry strengths were increased according to the increasing addition level of bed log kraft pulp to KOCC and non-cultivated wood pulp. From the overall results, the pulp from 5 years cultivated bed log can be reasonably used if it is mixed with long fiber pulp for advantages such as reducing beating time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 2007

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a serious public health threat. Anti-obesity nutraceuticals that are safe and effective for the control and treatment of obesity are the subject of intense research throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of plants such as Akebia quinata, corn silk, Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa, Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen, and Lentinus edodes on fat cell size and serum lipid profile of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were weighed, randomly assigned and fed AIN-76A basal or high fat diet for 6 weeks. Serum triacylglycerol level of rats fed a normal diet was significantly decreased with natural plants supplementation. Adipocytes from the epididymal fat pads of rats fed a high fat diet were larger than those of rats fed a normal diet. Fat cell size significantly (p<0.05) decreased with natural plants supplementation. Therefore, we found that natural plants supplementation can be used for the treatment of obesity, possibly by decreasing the body fat.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2015

Mushroom is known for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potential. This study provides evidence that the inhibitory effect of mushroom on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. To define the underlying mechanisms of action, tumor necrosis factor${\alpha}$/$IFN{\gamma}$-activated human keratinocytes model was used. Mushroom significantly inhibited the expression of cytokines in HaCaT cells. Taken together, the results demonstrate that mushroom inhibited inflammtion, suggesting that mushroom (DW extract: Grifola frondosa Cordyceps militaris), (Ethanol extract: Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, Cordyceps militaris, Flammulina velutipes) might be a candidate for the treatment of skin inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.947-952
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mushrooms on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Bifidobacterium breve and the total intestinal flora of human and rats were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each mushroom water extract. Except Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes, the mushroom extracts induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effect was excellent especially with Lentinus edodes, Agarocus bisporus and Coriorus versicolor. This effect was due to the increase in the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal bacterid. This growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, ${\beta}-glucosidase,\;{\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase, of intestinal bactetria.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 1975

Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). All these 11 species of mushroom can be repesented for convenience sake as follows. S-1; Agaricus campestris Fr. S-2: Agaricus campestris S-3; Pholiota nameko(I. Ito) S. Ito et Imai S-4; Auricularia auricula-judae(Fr.) $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-5; Tremella fuciformis Berk. S-6; Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing. S-7; Pleurotus ostreatus Fr. $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-8; Lentinus edodes Berk Sing. S-9; Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken S-10; Coprinus comatus(Fr.) S.F, Gray S-11; Gyrophora esculenta The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in mushrooms, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Thr, Pro and Lys in that order. There were no found Cys'and His in S-9;His in S-1; Met and Arg in S-11; Cys and Met in S-5;Pro, Cys, Met, Lys and Arg in S-4. Of all total amino acids which are closely related with nutritional valuation, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Asp, Ala, Arg, Leu, Thr, Gly in that order. Especially S-1 and S-2 contain high quantity $o{\acute{i}}$ proline in both free and total amino acids. 3) Cotents of ammonia in extracts of mushrooms in decreasing order in S-1, S-10, S-8, S-2, S-7, S-6, and S-2, S-6, S-8, S-9, S-1 in hydrolysates of mushrooms. 4) Gross Contents of free amino acid in extracts is high in decreasing order in S-10, S-1, S-7, S-6, S-8, and total amino acid in hydrolysates is high in S-10, S-2, S-2, S-8, S-1, S-9, S-6. 5) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, 5 kinds of unknown amino acid are found in extracts and hydrolysates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2000

Super water absorbent (CPAM-AS-hyd-1) was prepared by polymerization of acrylamide and allyl sulfonate salt with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinking agent, followed by alkaline hydrolysis and the effect on mycelial growth and sporophore production of edible mushrooms in the artificial cultivation was examined. The mycelial growth of edible mushrooms did not depend on the addition of super water absorbent upto 200 g of hydrated polymer gel per 100 cc medium. The proper hydrated polymer gel concentration for sporophore production of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Hericium erinaceus were 200 g and $200{\sim}250\;g$ per 100 cc medium, respectively. The proper hydrated polymer gel and puffed rice hull concentration for sporophore production of Flammulina velutipes was 200 g per 100 mm medium and 10% (v/v), respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.266-269
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• 2008

Twenty isolates of Bacillus species obtained from livestock manure composts and cotton-waste composts were tested for their antagonistic effects in vitro against three green mold pathogens of mushrooms (Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viridescens). However, there exists a possibility Bacillus species may have antagonistic effects against mushrooms themselves, and thus the same 20 isolates were tested in vitro against three species of mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus). Of the 20 Bacillus species isolates tested, two inhibited mycelial growth of T. harzianum, seven that of T. koningii, and eight that of T. viridescens. Importantly, the bacterial isolates M27 and RM29 strongly inhibited mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma spp. isolates tested. The isolate M27 was subsequently identified as the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma species. Interesting results of the effect Bacillus isolates had upon the mushroom species followed. It was found that most Bacillus isolates except 5T33 at least somewhat inhibited mycelial growth of the three mushroom species or some of the mushrooms. Furhermore, the antagonistic effects of the bacterial isolates against the three species of mushrooms varied depending on the mushroom species, suggesting a role for mushroom type in the mechanism of inhibition. The bacterial isolates M27 and RM29 were identified as having the most antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth of all the Trichoderma spp. as well as mycelial growth of the three species of mushrooms. These results suggest that the bacterial isolates and their antagonistic effects on green mold pathogens should be further studied for their practical use for biological control of green mold in the growing room of the mushrooms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.113-113
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• 1995

본 연구는 표고버섯에서 분리정제한 렉틴 성분(LEL)을 말초혈액 단핵세포(PBMC)에 반응시켜 사이토카인 유도능을 지질다당류(LPS)와 비교하여 역전사효소 중합반응법(RT-PCR)으로 측정하였다. 측정 대상 사이토카인은 IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF$\alpha$ 및 IFN${\gamma}$의 다섯가지였으며 이들을 대상으로 PBMC에 렉틴을 적용하여 1, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120분 등의 시간대에서 반응시켜 사이토카인의 유전자 발현 유도에 관한 다음의 결과를 얻었다. LEL의 사용 농도에 따른 편도선 림프구(tonsillar lymphocyte)의 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현 양상은 반응 1시간의 경우 LEL의 일부 농도와 LPS 전농도에서 관찰되었으나 반응 40시간째에는 LEL 전농도와 LPS 전농도에서 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현 양상을 관찰할 수 없었다. RT-PCR 결과 원액이나 회석액 재료로부터 관찰된 TNF$\alpha$유전자 band의 강 약 차이는 나타나지 않았다. LEL의 자극에 의한 반응 시간대 별 PBMC에 의한 사이토카인 유전자 발현 양상은 위에서 언급된 다섯가지 사이토카인을 유도, 생성할 수 있다는 것이 확인되었는데, IL-2, IL-6 및 IFN${\gamma}$는 120시간까지 장시간 지속되는 유전자 발현이 가능한 반면 TNF $\alpha$의 생성 양상은 이들 사이토카인의 생성 양상과는 판이하게 반응 1, 8 및 24 시간대까지만 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현을 관찰할 수 있었고 IL-1은 72 시간까지 반응을 나타내는 등 특이적 양상을 보였다. 한편 LPS는 실험에 사용된 전 사이토카인의 유전자 발현을 120시간대까지 반응이 유지됨을 관찰하였기에 LPS가 PBMC의 강력한 사이토카인 유도체임을 입증할 수 있었으며 LEL과 다소 상이한 결과를 보였으나 LEL 또한 PBMC로부터 사이토카인을 생성 유지시킬 수 있는 유도체로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.145-148
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• 1989

Shiitake mushrooms were dried by hot air, far infrared and freeze dryers in order to compare qualities after drying. When hot air drying was performed with the four temperature variations ranged from $45\;to\;70^{\circ}C$, there was tendency to increase volume retention but decrease rehydration ratio, as drying temperature increased. And the largest amout of 5'-GMP was contained in mushroom dried at $50^{\circ}C$. For far infrared drying, volume retentions were lower but rehydration ratios were higher, as compared with hot air drying at the same temperature. In freeze drying, freezing rate had no influence on volume retention but rehydration ratio was highest value when frozen at $-18^{\circ}C$. As shelf temperature increased(drying rate increased), rehydration ratio increased. Also, contents of 5'-AMP, 5'-GMP and 5'-XMP increased with the increase of freezing rate and drying rate.