• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1980

Thirteen strains or crosses of Lentinus edodes obtained from home and abroad were compared for their mycelial characteristics on artificial media. Eleven of them were selected and inoculated on logs in order to study for their productivity, and the morphological characteristics of the mushrooms were investigated. 1) Seven strains, i. e., 11001, 12001, 13005, 13012, 13015, 12004 and 20101 were grown well on the sawdust medium. 2) The best mycelial growth and establish­ment of infection on logs were obtained from strains 20101 and 11001. 3) The highest yield of the mushrooms on logs during the six year periods were obtained from strains 11001, 12001 and 20101. 4) The highest yield of the mushrooms usually was obtained on the fourth year after inoculation. 5) The fruit body productivity in terms of dry weight recovery was the highest in strains 13005 and 20101. 6) The most productive period of the mushrooms during the years depended on strains. Most prevalent types of the strains were summer and autumn growing types, and more mushrooms were produced during these periods. 7) Morphological characteristics of the mushroom were more or less dependent on environmental conditions. 8) Thicker fruit bodies and relatively uniform shapes of the mushroom were produced by strain 20101.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.396-402
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• 2004

For industrial application to manufacturing functional foods for health using browned oak mushroom, we examined its reducing power, inhibitory effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species, phenolic compounds and phytates contents, modulatory effects on NO radical and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) generation by activated macrophages, and antimutagenicity in order to evaluate the functionality of browned oak mushroom for health. While overall ethanolic extracts have higher reducing power than aqueous extracts, browning reaction was found to increase reducing power by up to 28% at a 3.32 mg/ml sample concentration. Browning reaction also increased phenolic compound content by about 73% compared to raw mushroom. However, any significant change in phytate content could not be detected. At a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, treatment of ethanolic extract of oak mushroom increased NO generation over 43% in LPS-stimulated macrophage. On the contrary, the aqueous extracts rather decreased it over 17% at the same sample dose. However, any solvent extract from browned oak mushroom seems not to cause any change in both NO production and MMP9 activity. In addition, browning reaction did not allow any significant change in suppressive effect on mitomycin C-induced mutagenesis as examined with SOS chromotest. These results suggest a possible use of browned oak mushroom with unmarketable quality as a material for development of a variety of processed functional foods for health.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the effect of bioprocessed polysaccharides (BPPs) from liquid culture of Lentinus edodes fungal mycelia containing rice bran (BPP-RB) on a chicken-derived macrophage cell line, HD-11, when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, an etiological agent of fowl typhoid. Experimental results demonstrated water extract of BPP-RB did not show growth inhibitory effects on S. Gallinarum 277. Protein expression profiles were also not altered by its treatment. Nonetheless, it could (i) enhance phagocytic activity of HD-11 cells, (ii) activate transcriptional expression of Th1-type cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS, as well as an immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and (iii) negatively regulate Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6. Together results suggest that BPP-RB may be applicable for preventing fowl typhoid or other Salmonella infections in poultry farms as a potential feed additive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.679-683
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• 2001

This study was purposed to compare the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidative effects of several plant extracts in the alcohol-treated rat liver. Sprague-Dawley rat weighing about 200 g were divided into the following 6 groups : normal, alcohol group and 4 different plant extracts administrated groups(Soybean sprout, Pine needle, Lentinus edodes, acanthopanacis cortex). Each plant extract was administrated orally by 200mg/kg b.w./day for 8 days before the alcohol treatment (5 g of 30% alcohol /kg b.w. by i.p.injection). All rats were sacrificed at 90 min after the alcohol treatment. The alcohol concentrations in serum of Soybean sprout and pine needle group were significantly lower than the Lentinus edodes and Acanthopanacis cortex group. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the hepatic cytosol of Soybean sprout and Pine needle group was also significantly higher than the alcohol and the other groups However, the activity of catalase seemed not to be affected, although the extract groups showed slightly higher activities of catalase than the alcohol group. These results may indicate that the extracts of Soybean sprout and Pine needle were relatvely effective on the alcohol degradation. the activity of blutathione-peroxidase and lipid peroxidaton of all of the extract groups were significantly lower than the activity of alcohol group. These results can suggest that all of the use plant extracts more or less have an antioxidative effect on the alcohol-induced oxidation and especially, extracts of Soybean sprout and Pine needle have an stimulating effect on the alcohol absorption and degradation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2000

Oak mushroom(Lentinus edoes(Berk) Sing) is one of the most important edible mushrooms, and its production has been rapidly increased due to nutritional and medicinal effects. In this study, climatic factors during the growing period of high-quality oak mushroom were analyzed and environmental factors affecting the quality of oak mushroom were discussed. Three places(Changheung, Puyo and Wonj) as mass producing areas of high-quality oak mushrooms and the 15 days of the growing period in 1997-1998 were selected. Major climatic factors for analysis were average air temperature, average relative humidity, ranges of daily air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. During the period, th daily average air temperature was $7~20^{\circ}C$ with the diurnal air temperature($7~20^{\circ}C$) and nocturnal air temperature($0~-2^{\circ}C$). The relative humidity ranged between 50 and 70% with the range of daily relative humidity(40~60%). Wind velocity was 1~4m.$s^{-1}$, From the results, it is concluded that the growing environmental conditions for high-quality oak mushroom differed from the optimum conditions for the high productivity of oak mushroom; environmental conditions such as wide ranges of air temperature and relative humidity, low humidity and wind speed might affect the emergence of high-quality oak mushroom.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

In order to investigate the ability of log wood for oak mushroom production as a source of an alternative energy, both chemical and physical characteristics of log wood were investigated according to the cultivation periods. Also, both chemical and physical characteristics of material that treated by steam explosion were investigated to confirm the pretreatment effect by remaining enzyme as a control. The contents of ash, water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased after the inoculation. It appeard that holocellulose contents substantially decreased and the contents of lignin as another main component of wood remained constant after the inoculation. However this result implied that indeed, a sufficient amount of lignin has been degraded paritially by enzymes of oak mushroom Lentinus edodes if we consider that the amount of holocelulose was substantially reduced. It also indicated that the degree of degradation gradually progressed but crystallinity decreased after the inoculation. The contents of water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased by steam explosion. Holocellulose contents increased within narrow limits and lignin contents remained constant. However the contents of holocellulose and lignin have been decreased by steam explosion, considering that the amount of other extractives was relatively increased. The degree of crystallinity and lignin contents reduction by steam explosion was almost similar to the result obtained by increasing cultivation periods. According to the results, log woods for mushroom production have a potential as material for developing alternative energy.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to determine effects of corn germ meal(CGM) and condensed molasses fermentation solubles(CMS) as the replacement of rice bran on mycelial growth and density in various mushrooms. The results of this study showed that CGM and CMS might be utilized more efficiently than rice bran in culturing mushrooms. The results are as follows; 1. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus was remarkably higher than that of control when the concentration of CGM and CMS was 10%, respectively. However, the mycelial density was lower than that of control. Thus, Considering the mycelial growth as well as density, it was found that 20% supplements of CGM and CMS resulted in the best with 78mm/10d and 71mm/10d, respectively. 2. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus eryngii in the treatment group of 10% CMS and 20% CGM showed 74mm/10d and 67mm/10d, respectively. This result tended to be equal or somewhat lower compared with that of control(74mm/10d). 3. Mycelial growth of Flamulina velutipes was 87mm/10d in the treatment of 10% CMS, 79mm/10d in the treatment of 20% CGM, which showed significantly higher than that of control(56mm/10d). When the contents of CGM and CMS were mixed with the amount of 10-30%, Thus, it was assumed that the quantity of mushrooms may increase with the supplements of CEM and CMS. 4. Mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes in the treatment group of 10-40% CMS and 10-30% CGM showed 58-52mm/10d and 56-49mm/10d, respectively. This result was significantly higher that control(47mm/10d). 5. When CMS and CGM were supplememted with the level of 10-30%, mycelial growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum showed 76-72mm/10d and 74-69mm/10d, respectively, which are higher than those of control.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

Ergosterol is an indicator chemical of fungi and involves in fungal cell growth as a major component in fungal cell membranes. Thus, this chemical can be used to estimate live fungal biomass within various solid substrates. Ergosterol content in liquid culture of Lentinula edodes had a linear relationship (r=0.98) with the hyphal mass of the fungus. This chemical content differed depending on the fungal strains, age of culture and water content levels of sawdust substrate. Ergosterol content was 0.13% in the 10 weeks old liquid culture while it was 0.10% in 20 weeks old one. The chemical content in the sawdust cultures of the fungus varied 0.015% to 0.042% depending upon strains and water content levels within sawdust substrate. Ergosterol content in the culture of a L. edodes strain, Sanrim 4, was higher by $20{\mu}g$ to $140{\mu}g$/g dry substrate than those of strains, Mok-H and Sanrim 6. And the chemical contents in the sawdust cultures with 125% or 175% water, 297 to 425 ${\mu}g$/g dry substrate, were higher than those with 75% or 225% water, 148 to $286{\mu}g$/g dry substrate. We conclude that ergosterol analysis can estimate the fungal biomass within solid substrate such as logs and sawdust.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of enhancing the functional compounds in apple and pear pomace (APP) by fermentation with mycelia from the mushroom Lentinula edodes. A 30% (w/v) APP with added rice bran and Biji was fermented with L. edodes at $24^{\circ}C$ and 80% humidity. The cellulase and pectinase activities in the fermented APP (FAPP) were higher than those in the non-fermented control. In addition, the physiological activities of the FAPP, including DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and SOD-like activity, as well as the total polyphenol and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents were higher than those in the control. FAPP treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) levels in Raw 264.7 cell. Therefore, FAPP treatment was considered to more effectively suppress cell injury caused by inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of LPS-induced NO production. These results suggest that the levels of functional components in APP can be increased by fermentation with this mushroom mycelium. However, further studies are needed before it can be used as a functional material.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1978

In order to determine the feeding value of t:1e waste wood of Lentinus eddodes, the waste wood was milled and treated with $Ca(OH)_2$ and cellulase, then raw waste wood and the treated waste wood were fed to broiler chicken and Korean native goates. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The chemical composition of the waste wood was c. protein 2.26%. c. fat 2.57%. c. fiber 44.60 and c. ash 5.58%. No differences were detected between the raw waste wood and $Ca(OH)_2$ or cellulase treated waste wood in chemical composition. 2. In amino acid composition. no cystine and methionine was showed, but trace amount of Vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_2$, and cholin chloride were detected. 3. Trichoderma viride SANK. No. 16374 was used to decompose the cellulose. 4. In broiler performance, when waste wood meal was subsituted for 5% wheat bran, no adverse effect was showed on weight gain, feed in take and feed efficiency. But $Ca(OH)_2$ and cellulase treated waste wood meal could be subsituted for 8% wheat bran. 5. In Korean native goat performance, feeding waste wood meal subsituted by 50% various bran (25% defatted rice bran and 25% barley bran) had no adverse effect on growth and feed efficiency. 6. Considering the above results, though the waste wood meal could be replaced to part of various bran, there was a bottle-neck to process the waste wood. The waste wood of Lentinus edodes was little feeding value on bed of ruminant.