• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.302-310
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• 2008

This paper puts forward an advanced consideration on the design of scaled multiple-gate FET (MuGFET); the aspect ratio ($R_{h/w}$) of the fin height (h) to fin width (w) of MuGFET is considered with the aid of 3-D device simulations. Since any change in the aspect ratio must consider the trade-off between drivability and short-channel effects, it is shown that optimization of the aspect ratio is essential in designing MuGFET's. It is clearly seen that the triple-gate (TG) FET is superior to the conventional FinFET from the viewpoints of drivability and short-channel effects as was to be expected. It can be concluded that the guideline of w < L/3, where L is the channel length, is essential to suppress the short-channel effects of TG-FET.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2006

For chip-stack package applications, Cu filling characteristics into trench vias of $75{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ width and 3 mm length were investigated with variations of electroplating current density and current mode. At $1.25mA/cm^{2}$ of DC mode, Cu filling ratio higher than 95% was obtained for trench vias of $75{\sim}35{\mu}m$ width. When electroplated at DC $2.5mA/cm^{2}$, Cu filling ratios became inferior to those processed at DC $1.25mA/cm^{2}$. Pulse current mode exhibited Cu filling characteristics superior to DC current mode.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.375-388
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• 2019

This paper aims to investigate the axial load behavior and stability strength of square tubed steel-reinforced concrete (TSRC) columns. Unlike concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column, the outer steel tube of a TSRC column is mainly used to provide confinement to the core concrete. Ten specimens were tested under axial compression, and the main test variables included length-to-width ratio (L/B) of the specimens, width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) of the steel tubes, and with or without stud shear connectors on the steel sections. The failure mode, ultimate strength and load-tube stress response of each specimen were summarized and analyzed. The test results indicated that the axial load carried by square tube due to friction and bond of the interface increased with the increase of L/B ratio, while the confinement effect of tube was just the opposite. Parametric studies were performed through ABAQUS based on the test results, and the feasibility of current design codes has also been examined. Finally, a method for calculating the ultimate strength of this composite column was proposed, in which the slenderness effect on the tube confinement was considered.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.400-406
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• 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in nasal growth after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer in patients with bilateral incomplete cleft lip. Methods Twenty-six infants with bilateral incomplete cleft lip and cleft palate were included in the study. A preoperative nasal retainer was applied in 5 patients from the time of birth to 2.6-3.5 months before primary cheiloplasty. Twenty-one patients who were treated without a preoperative nasal retainer were placed in the control group. Standard frontal, basal, and lateral view photographs were taken 3 weeks before cheiloplasty, immediately after cheiloplasty, and at the 1- and 3-year postoperative follow-up visits. The columella and nasal growth ratio and nasolabial angle were indirectly measured using photographic anthropometry. Results The ratio of columella length to nasal tip protrusion significantly increased after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer compared to the control group for up to 3 years postoperatively (P<0.01 for all time points). The ratios of nasal width to facial width, nasal width to intercanthal distance, columellar width to nasal width, and the nasolabial angle, for the two groups were not significantly different at any time point. Conclusions Implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer provided significant advantages for achieving columellar elongation for up to 3 years postoperatively. It is a simple, reasonable option for correcting nostril shape, preventing deformities, and guiding development of facial structures.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.360-371
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• 2019

Objective: We sought to determine the predictors of midpalatal suture expansion by miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in young adults. Methods: The following variables were selected as possible predictors: chronological age, palate length and depth, midpalatal suture maturation (MPSM) stage, midpalatal suture density (MPSD) ratio, the sella-nasion (SN)-mandibular plane (MP) angle as an indicator of the vertical skeletal pattern, and the point A-nasion-point B (ANB) angle for anteroposterior skeletal classification. For 31 patients (mean age, 22.52 years) who underwent MARPE treatment, palate length and depth, MPSM stage and MPSD ratio from the initial cone-beam computed tomography images, and the SN-MP angle and ANB angle from lateral cephalograms were assessed. The midpalatal suture opening ratio was calculated from the midpalatal suture opening width measured in periapical radiographs and the MARPE screw expansion. Statistical analyses of correlations were performed for the entire patient group of 31 subjects and subgroups categorized by sex, vertical skeletal pattern, and anteroposterior skeletal classification. Results: In the entire patient group, the midpalatal suture opening ratio showed statistically significant negative correlations with age, palate length, and MPSM stage (r = -0.506, -0.494, and -0.746, respectively, all p < 0.01). In subgroup analyses, a strong negative correlation was observed with the palate depth in the skeletal Class II subgroup (r = -0.900, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that age, palate length, and MPSM stage can be predictors of midpalatal suture expansion by MARPE in young adults.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2020

This study demonstrates metal-oxide based memtransistor device and the gate tunable memristive characteristic using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and ZnO n-type oxide semiconductor. We fabricated a memtransistor device having channel width 70 ㎛, channel length 5 ㎛, back gate, using 40 nm thick ZnO thin film, and measured gate-tunable memristive characteristics at each gate voltage (50V, 30V, 10V, 0V, -10V, -30V, -50V) under humidity of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% respectively, in order to investigate the relation between a memristive characteristic and hydrogen doping effect on the ZnO memtransistor device. The electron mobility and gate controllability of memtransistor device decreased with an increase of humidity due to increased electron carrier concentration by hydrogen doping effect. The gate-tunable memristive characteristic was observed under humidity of 60% 70%. Resistive switching ratio increased with an increase of humidity while it loses gate controllability. Consequently, we could obtain both gate controllability and the large resistive switching ratio under humidity of 60%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

The wave power, extracted from a circular array of small power buoys, is investigated under the potential theory. It is assumed that the buoy's radius, the draft, and the separation distance are much smaller than the water depth, the wave length, and the radius of a circular deployment area. The boundary value problem involving the macro-scale boundary condition on the mean surface covered by buoys is solved using the eigenfunction expansion method. The capture width, which is defined as the ratio of the extracted power to the wave power per unit length of the incident wave crest, is assessed for various combinations of packing ratio, radius of a circular array, and PTO damping coefficient. It is found that the circular array deployment is more effective in the viewpoint of efficiency than the single large buoy of the same total displaced volume.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.318-321
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• 2006

This study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate variation on rice quality associated with cooking, and eating qualities under the three different fertilizer levels, none fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=0-0-0kg/ha$), ordinary fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=1l0-45-57kg/ha$), and heavy fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=180-90-110kg/ha$). The eight resistant near-isogenic lines(NILs) for bacterial blight in rice were examined for grain appearances, several physicochemical properties, and palatability value measured by Toyo taste meter. Significant variations in NILs(V), Years(Y), and VxY interaction were recognized in grain length and palatability value under the none fertilizer cultivation, in grain width under the heavy fertilizer cultivation, and in white belly ratio under the three different fertilizer cultivations, respectively. According to increase the fertilizer application rate, variation in grain length and grain width were not significant, but grain thickness was thinner under the ordinary and heavy fertilizer cultivations than under the none fertilizer cultivation. On the other hand, white belly ratio, protein content and Mg/K ratio increased, while amylose content and palatability value lowered. Alkali spreading value lowed under the heavy fertilizer cultivation than under the none and ordinary fertilizer cultivations. Palatability value was significantly low in the line carrying XalJ than in the other lines under the ordinary fertilizer cultivations.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.847-861
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• 2017

As the excavated costumes from the unknown tomb of the Joseon Dynasty were unearthed, estimating the age of the costumes became very important. This research investigat and estimates the age of the excavated costumes from Couple's Tomb for Lee General in Seosan, Chung-nam. By inspecting and analyzing the costumes, the features can be compared with other similar costumes that have been excavated from other tombs. The result of this study is as follows: First, the period with dopo, cheol-rik, jungchimak, and baji for females among the relics of General Lee can be estimated. For dopo, there are morphometric features such as the shape of moo; for cheol-rik, there is a ratio of top and bottom; for jungchimak, there is a ratio of width of arm and skit and a ratio of side tim, total length, etc. By comparing relics of same period, it can be estimated to be from the late 16 century around the Japanese invasion of Korea to the early 17 century. Second, the period with jangui and jeogori among the relics of Couple's Tomb for General Lee can be estimated. By comparing jangui with the arm and width of sleeves, and by comparing jeogori and the shape of the collar, arm, length, etc., with other relics identical to the period, it can be estimated to be from the late 16 century around the Japanese invasion of Korea, which is a similar date to the one with the husband to the early 17 century.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1295-1296
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• 2007

A lot of researches about dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) are recently being conducted. Because DSC has several advantages to pass the limits of silicon solar cells such as a low manufacturing expense, a simple manufacturing process and its transparency. But most researches on DSC are still conducted about the unit cell and laboratory-centered. That is, present researches on DSC are not practical. Therefore, researches about large area cells and modules have to be prerequisites for DSC to have the practicality. Characteristics of large area DSC are so different from those of small area DSC in aspect of fill factor and efficiency. In this study, we made an experiment on finding suitable size of DSC that has the most effective power according to the variation of active area. In detail, the experiment was conducted about the optimum ratio of length to width and we introduced the ratio of active area to non-active area to find the active area which has the best output. Because small DSC doesn‘t have the best output in comparison with total area of cell although the smaller DSC has the better efficiency. As a result, we achieved the optimum ratio of length to width of 8:3 and active area of $8cm^2$ as the optimum size for upscaling DSC.