• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of limb reconstruction and functional recovery using vascularized fibular graft in the treatment of extensive bone defect of long bone caused by various diseases. Materials and Methods: From september 1995 to March 2005, 21 patients with segmental bone defects were managed with vascularized fibular graft: 13 males and 8 females, aged 39 years on average (range, $8{\sim}65\;years$). The reconstructed site was the humerus in 9 patients, the femur in 5, the tibia in 4 and the forearm bone in 3. The length of bone defect ranged from $8{\sim}17\;cm$. Results: Twenty grafts were successful. The mean period to obtain radiographic bone union was 5.7 months on average. Conclusion: Fibular grafts allow the use of a segment of diaphyseal bone and of sufficient length to reconstruct most skeletal defects of the long bone. The vascularized fibular graft is indicated in patients with intractable nonunions where conventional bone grafting has failed or large bone defects.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1997

The all inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique places an anterior ligament substitutes within two bony sockets rather than hone tunnel. This approach is accomplished through arthroscopic three portal which avoids the surgical exposure and morbidity associated with creating traditional bone tunnel. This technique has several distinct advantages when compared with the traditional ACL reconstruction through the bone tunnels. It offers the surgeon a less morbid method for ACL reconstruction that positions an ACL substitute at the anatomic attachment sites of the original ACL with two bone sockets, obviating the need for traditional bone tunnels. Graft fixation at or near the anatomic attachment points of the original ACL minimizes creep with early range of motion and reduces the abrasive 'wind-shield wipe' motion of the graft which occur with bone plugs positioned inside bone tunnels. The sagittal posterior angle to the tibial socket increases fixation strength to pullout with anterior translation force for the tibia on the femur. This technique is not graft specific and can accomodate any graft in which graft length can be customized to the intraarticular native ACL length.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray finding according to positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. Methods: Twenty-two people who get $33.09{\pm}10.73$ as average were evaluated by leg length analysis and X-ray findings. After measuring innominate measurement(IM), femur head line. distance between S2 and posterior superior iliac spine(PSIS). ilium shadow measurement(ISM), major axis of obturator foramen(MaF), minor axis of obturator foramen(MiF) and distance between off centering measurement and symphysis pubis, those were analyzed. Results: 1. In assessment of posterior rotation malposition ilium(PI), it was showed the best coincidence between leg length analysis and X-ray analyzed by 1M in supine position(11 cases, 50.5%). 2. In assessment of inflare, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good($4.00{\pm}3.03$ cases, $18.15{\pm}13.82%$). And leg length analysis were not sensitive. 3. On the whole, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good(best: 1 case, 45.5%; worst: 11 cases, 50.0%). Conclusions: Results form this investigation showed the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray according 10 positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. This results are expected to contribute to establish method of assessment in diagnosis of pelvic malpositions.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of chitosan on mineral metabolism in rats exposed to cadmium by oral administration. Six week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Four groups were fed AIN-93G based 3% ${\alpha}$-cellulose diets and the other four groups were fed 3% chitosan diets for four weeks with the oral administration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg Cd/2ml distilled water three times per week, respectively. The essential mineral contents of serum, liver, kidney and bone (femur and lumbar), and the excretion of calcium in feces and urine were determined. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among groups. The cadmium administration significantly decreased calcium in serum, iron in blood, calcium and iron in liver and iron contents in kidney. In contrast, calcium and zinc contents in kidney increased by the administration of cadmium. The weight, length and breaking forces of the femur and lumbar were not significantly different due to cadmium administration and chitosan among the groups. The fecal excretion of calcium was increased by the administration of cadmium. On the other hand, calcium absorption and the absorption rate were decreased by Cd administration. In the groups without Cd administered (N, N-Chi groups), chitosan significantly decreased the absorption rate of calcium by increasing the excretion in feces (p<0.05). These results suggest that cadmium administration may facilitate the decline of essential minerals in rats and also, chitosan may have a conflicting effect between cadmium and the essential minerals of tissues.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.645-654
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• 2004

This study examined the effect of excess calcium (Ca) on the iron (Fe) bioavailability and bone growth of marginally Fe deficient animals. Two groups of weanling female SD rats were fed either normal Fe (35 ppm) or Fe deficient diet (8 ppm) for 3 weeks. Then each group of animals were assigned randomly to one of three groups and were fed one of six experimental diets additionally for 4 weeks, containing normal (35 ppm) or low (15 ppm) Fe and one of three levels of Ca as normal (0.5%), high (1.0%), or excess (1.5%). Feces and urine were collected during the last 3 days of treatment. After sacrifice blood, organs, and femur bone were collected for analysis. Final body weight and average food intake were not affected by either the levels of dietary Ca or Fe. Low Fe diet significantly reduced the level of serum ferritin, however, for Hb, Hct, and TIBC no difference was shown than those in the normal Fe group. TIBC increased slightly by high and excess Ca intake in low Fe groups. For both normal and low Fe groups, high and excess Ca intakes reduced the apparent absorption of Fe and Fe contents of liver significantly (p < 0.05). Calcium contents in kidney and Femur of rats that were fed high and excess levels of Ca were significantly greater than those of normal Ca groups. However, weight, length, and breaking force of the bone were not affected by increased Ca intakes. Both in control and low Fe groups, high and excess intakes of Ca decreased the apparent absorption of Ca. These results indicate that the excess intakes of calcium than the normal needs would be undesirable for Fe bioavailability and that the adverse effects be more serious in marginally iron deficient growing animals. In addition bone growth and strength would not be favorably affected by high Ca intakes, though, the long term effect of increased Ca contents in bone requires further examination.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Chuna manual treatment and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques on patients with pelvic malposition Methods : Random allocation was done. We used Chuna manual treatment to control group and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques to experimental group. These patient's pelvic malposition were checked by Leg length analysis, measuring Innominate measurement length, obturator foramen size and height of femur head. Results : 1)After the 3 weeks treatment, patients' inequality of leg length and Innominate measurement length were significantly reduced. 2)There was no significant difference between control group and experimental group. Conclusions : Chuna manual treatment and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques are considered to be effective and useful in patients with pelvic malposition. But there was no significant difference between control group and experimental group.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Limb-salvage surgery has become more popular than amputation for the treatment of malignant bone tumor because no differences in local recurrence and the 5-year survival rate have been found. However for young patients with sarcoma, skeletal immaturity may be a contraindication to limb-salvage surgery due to the expected leg length discrepancy. If limb-sparing procedure should be impossible for skeletally immature patients, amputation has to be given first consideration. To minimize the functional difficulty from short amputation stump of above knee amputation, we performed lengthening of the amputation stump using ipsilateral tibia. One patient was lengthened 17cm using ipsilateral tibia and the other, 12cm. Two patients and their families were satisfied both clinically and psychologically.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Genetic ultrasonography refers to the evaluation of risk of chromosomal abnormalities via various soft sonographic markers. Although the maternal serum test is the primary screening method for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic ultrasonography is also widely used and can help increase detection rates. To date, many soft markers, including choroid plexus cysts, echogenic intracardiac foci, mild ventriculomegaly, nuchal fold thickening, echogenic bowel, mild pyelectasis, short femur and humerus length, and absent or hypoplastic nasal bone, have been reported. An aberrant right subclavian artery was the most novel soft marker introduced. Because these soft markers involve diverse relative risks of chromosomal abnormalities, it is difficult to apply them to clinical practice. To optimize the efficacy of genetic ultrasonography, it is important to understand the precise relative risks of chromosomal abnormalities innumerous soft markers and integrate these risks with each other and the results of maternal serum screening.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the radiological and clinical outcomes in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures in accordance with the length of intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: Between August 2009 and December 2014, a total of 139 patients-older than 65 years of age with AO/OTA classification of 31-A2 unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture-who has been followed-up for at least 1 year after the treatment with internal fixation by using an intramedullary nail were enrolled for this retrospective control study. The subjects were classified into two groups according to the length of intramedullary nail: 106 patients in the short group (group I) and 33 patients in the long group (group II). For radiological assessments, the reduction state, time to union, and implant related complications were examined. The clinical outcomes were assessed by preoperative hemoglobin, operating time, intraoperative bleeding amount, blood transfusion rate, hospitalization period, and Charnley hip pain scoring system at the final follow-up. Results: The postoperative radiographs showed good or acceptable reduction in all cases. The mean time of radiologic bone union was 4.8 months, and there was no difference between the two groups. With respect to surgical time, the group II was found to take longer (57.87 minutes) than the group I (45.65 minutes) (p=0.003). The bleeding amount during surgery of the group II was greater (288.78 ml) than that of the group I (209.90 ml) (p=0.046). The clinical results at the final follow-up were found to be satisfactory in both groups. Conclusion: In cases of good reduction of the fracture from the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture accompanying the posteromedial fragment in elderly patients, both groups-long and short intramedullary nails-showed satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.423-426
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• 2003

Congenital anomalies occur at low levels in Korean antive cattle. PCR and Serum neutrlizing test against BVD, Akabane virus, Ibaraki virus, Kasba virus were examined. The results were all negative. Gross anatomical analysis was carried aout. Congenital abnormal newborn calf had 2 atropic left hindlimbs, which was nor moved autonomosly. The length of 2 atropic hindlimbs was 72 em and 48cm respectively. Both of them were curved severely at joints. Affected limbs were developed in connective tissue but lack of muscular tissue. In the abdominal region right kidney was normal. But there were two left kidneys which was half size compared with normal kidney. One of them had polycysts. In skeletal region, affected left limb is defective of head of femur and tibia.