• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding values of food and other organic wastes, and to determine their dietary effects on performance and carcass yield in ducks. A total of 156 meat type ducklings at the age of 25 days were housed in 12 pens and assigned to 4 treatments, in which the birds were fed for 21 days. One of 4 diets, commercial duck feed, raw food waste (RFW), fermented food waste(FFW) and mixture of 50% RFW and 50% FFW (R+FFW). Feed consumption was significantly higher (p＜0.05) in the RFW groups. Body weight gain showed no significant differences between the control and other treatments. The feed consumption ratio was significantly higher in the RFW groups (p＜0.05) than that of the other groups. Carcass yield was significantly higher in the R+FFW groups (p＜0.05) than the other groups. The weight of liver per live body weight showed significant differences among the treatment groups (p＜0.05). The length of intestine was significantly different from those of the treated groups(p＜0.05).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.482-488
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• 2009

Conventional devices for transanal endoscopic microsurgery that are currently used clinically for intestine or rectal cancer patients have 40 mm external diameter of rectoscope tube - induces anal damage and long-term postoperative pain for small-sized patients. In this paper, we designed rectum and rectoscope models and calculated the changing trends of operation area of the surgical tools in accordance with the step-by-step variation of design parameters of the rectoscope tube - external diameter, axial length, and distal angle. Using the results of computer simulation, we suggested an optimal set of design parameters that minimizes external diameter of the rectoscope tube and at the same time, maintains similar operation area of the surgical tools compared with commercialized devices (${\geq}\;4274.7mm^2$). The results of the simulation showed that the optimal design parameters were 35 mm external diameter, 100 mm axial length, and $45^{\circ}$ distal angle of the rectoscope tube. This result can be applied to the development of endoscopic microsurgery device that can minimize side effects to the intestine or rectal cancer patients.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 1985

Followings are the obtained results from the experiment of changes in content of proximate composition, free amino acid and nucleotides in soup prepared from beef brisket, leg bone, tripe and small intestine according to the diverse heating times-3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 hrs. The content of moisture in each sample is decreased from 97∼99％ in 8 hours heating to 95∼97% after heating 30 hours. On the contrary, the content of crude protein and crude fat are gradually increased in proportion to the length of heating times and it showed a rapid increasement when it was boiled 6∼12 hours long. We can extract the most protein from the soup stock of tripe among all samples ana the most crude fat from the leg bone. The contents of free amino acids is gradually increased in proportion to the length of heating times. Especially after being boiled longer than 18 hours it is increased obviously. In the soup stock prepared from the brisket, the lysine and alanine were contained the most. In leg bone soup stock, glutamic acid and histidine were extracted the most but bone soup stock, glutamic acid contents were decreased a little in longer heating. In the soup stock of tripe, glutamic acid which is contained very little in a raw material was extracted more as increasing times. In the soup stock of small intestine, lysine and glutamic acid were extracted the most. The least content in free amino acid from each sample was cystine which is sulphur-containing amino acid. These result suggest that, in order to get enough extraction of amino acid, crude fat, 18 hours heating is the most useful while 5’-IMP, which is the taste compound of meat, is extracted at 3 hours heating.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.255-258
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• 1992

Two fully matured specimens were collected from the blood vessel of two fish, Tlreragra chatcogramma, which was bought at the Emun market of Seoul in May, 1985. The blood cuke has no pharynx and suckers. Its body surface was covered with minute spines forming fan-shaped groups, 15 Mm long. The intestine was H-shaped, and the ratio of esophageal length to body length was 1 : 6.1∼6.8. Irregular shaped testes were 109∼114 in number, occupying the intercecal space from cecal bifurcation to the genital pore. The present species was identified as Aporocotyle sheragrae. This is the first report of the species in Korea.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1996

Primary segmental volvulus of the small intestine is not associated with malrotation, malfixation of the midgut, nor other primary small bowel lesions such as small bowel tumors. This entity is known to be more prevalent in adult and in certain global areas associated with particular diet habits. There have been very few reports in neonates, but not in this country so far. The author reports two cases of primary segmental volvulus. Case 1 was a septic 4-day-old girl with hematochezia due to jejunal volvulus with partial necrosis and panperitonitis. Resection of the segment and Bishop-Koop enterostomy were successful. Case 2 was a 3-day-old boy, who had ileal volvulus with ultra-short length of ileal atresia, probably due to intrauterine segmental volvulus. Limited resection of the atresia and spreading of the mesenteric base were enough to recovery. The rarity of the pathognomonic findings and limitation of the diagnostic workup due to rapid progression limit early diagnosis and good survival rate in this particular condition.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

The authors propose a magnetic actuator for use as a navigation system for capsule endoscopes. The actuator is composed of a capsule dummy, a permanent magnet inside the capsule, and an external spiral structure. The device rotates and propels wirelessly when exposed to an external rotational magnetic field. In this study we measured the effect of the spiral shape on the velocity and thrust force properties. According to our experimental results, the actuator obtained a maximum velocity and thrust force when the spiral angle was set at 45 degrees, the number of spirals was set at 4, and the spiral-height was set at 1-mmf. We also conducted a motion test in the large intestine of a pig placed on a 30 degrees slope. The actuator passed through a 700 mm length of the intestine in about 300 s. The device also managed to travel up and down the 30 degrees slope with no difficulty whatsoever. Our results demonstrate the great potential of this actuator for use as a navigation system for capsule endoscopes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.106
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• pp.259-266
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• 2006

This paper presents the propagation characteristics from ingested sources in human body using the human model simulator. The simulator applies the FDTD method to the human data consisting of the human CAD and tissue data. After the accuracy of the simulator is verified, the received fields at one horizontal layer including the small intestine among the digestive organs are calculated in case that the electric field source is implanted in the center of the small intestine. The human propagation characteristics are illustrated by calculating the path loss per unit length according to various received positions from the simulated results.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2021

A subminiature catadioptric omnidirectional optical system (SCOOS) with 2 mirrors, 6 plastic aspherical lenses, and an illumination system of 6 light emitting diodes, to observe the 360° panoramic image of the inner intestine, is optically designed and evaluated for a capsule endoscope. The total length, overall length, half field of view (HFOV), and F-number of the SCOOS are 14.3 mm, 8.93 mm, 51°~120°, and 3.5, respectively. The optical system has a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor with 0.1 megapixels, and an illumination system of 6 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with 0.25 lm to illuminate on the 360° side view of the intestine along the optical axis. As a result, the spatial frequency at the modulation transfer function (MTF) of 0.3, the depth of focus, and the cumulative probability of tolerance at the Nyquist frequency of 44 lp/mm and MTF of 0.3 of the optimized optical system are obtained as 130 lp/mm, -0.097 mm to +0.076 mm, and 90.5%, respectively. Additionally, the simulated illuminance of the LED illumination system at the inner surface of the intestine within HFOV, at a distance of 15.0 mm from the optical axis, is from a minimum of 315 lx to a maximum of 725 lx, which is a sufficient illumination and visibility.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 1988

The measurement was investigated with 18 heads of fetus(60, 90, 120 days of gestation) and neonate in Korean native goats. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The crown-rump length of fetuses at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 8.71, 20.83, 31.10 and 34.93 cm, respectively. 2. The length of small intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 32.28, 157.10, 303.52 and 457.06 cm, respectively. 3. The length of large intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 9.20, 37.70, 82.06 and 94.46 cm, respectively. 4. The ratio of intestinal length to crown-rump length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 4.76, 9.45, 12.40 and 15.79 times, respectively. 5. At 60 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $7.40{\pm}0.72cm$, The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $1.55{\pm}0.20cm$ in cervical, $2.29{\pm}0.21cm$ in thoracic, $1.46{\pm}0.10cm$ in lumbar, $0.51{\pm}0.04cm$ in sacral and $1.59{\pm}0.17cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 6. At 90 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $16.52{\pm}0.80cm$. The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $3.72{\pm}0.12cm$ in cervical, $5.09{\pm}0.26cm$ in thoracic, $3.22{\pm}0.04cm$ in lumbar, $1.97{\pm}0.03cm$ in sacral and $2.64{\pm}0.35cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 7. At 120 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $26.35{\pm}0.34cm$. The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $6.09{\pm}0.16cm$ in cervical, $7.81{\pm}0.07cm$ in thoracic, $5.08{\pm}0.07cm$ in lumbar, $3.07{\pm}0.02cm$ in and $4.31{\pm}0.02cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 8. In the neonate, the total length of the vertebral column was $32.41{\pm}1.57cm$. The mean length of each segment of vertebral was $7.70{\pm}0.25cm$ in cervical, $9.97{\pm}0.68cm$ in thoracic, $5.58{\pm}0.44cm$ in lumbar, $3.85{\pm}0.15cm$ in sacral and $5.05{\pm}0.06cm$ coccygeal vertebrae. 9. The chest girth at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $6.13{\pm}0.51$, $13.45{\pm}0.84$, $20.28{\pm}1.53$ and $22.94{\pm}1.75cm$, respectively. 10. The head length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $2.93{\pm}0.07$, $6.67{\pm}0.13$, $8.84{\pm}0.51$ and $9.76{\pm}0.44cm$, respectively. 11. The width of the head at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $2.20{\pm}0.13$, $4.45{\pm}0.11$, $5.33{\pm}0.20$ and $5.51{\pm}0.32cm$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2010

The effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on the weight of small intestine and the expression of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were investigated. One hundred and eight sevenday-old birds were randomly divided into two equal groups comprising a control group (CTRL) and an experimental group (CORT). CTRL birds were fed a basal diet and the CORT birds were fed a basal diet containing 30 mg corticosterone/kg from d 8 to 21. At 21 d of age, average daily feed intake (ADFI), serum corticosterone level, small intestinal absolute wet weight and relative weight, and relative abundance of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, PepT1 mRNA in the duodenum and L-FABP mRNA in the jejunum were determined. The results showed that serum corticosterone level, liver weight and small intestinal relative weight (small intestinal wet weight/body weight) of CORT chickens were about 30.15%, 26.72% and 42.20% higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). CORT birds had relative mRNA abundance of CaBP-D28k and PepT1 in the duodenum, and L-FABP in the jejunum which was 1.77, 1.37 and 1.94 fold higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05); the relative abundance of SGLT1 was 1.67 fold higher than in the CTRL group (p = 0.097). ADFI, small intestinal wet weight and length in CORT-treated broiler chickens was about 29.11%, 31.12% and 12.35% lower, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). In conclusion, corticosterone administration lowered the wet weight but increased the relative weight of the small intestine and the expression of intestinal nutrient transporter mRNA of broiler chickens.