• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

To obtain the basic data of the effect of antimicrobic finishing on chrome-tanned leather for apparel, it was studied that the specimens given from each step of manufacturing process, that is, steps before and after neutralization and after fixation were treated with Si-QAC as a antimicrobic finishing agent, and the antimicrobic activity was evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The bacterial reduction of the specimens finished antimicrobically were 100% and 94.4% before and after neutralization respectively, however, the specimens carried out successive process after antimicrobic finishing exhibited the reduction of 16.5% and 14.8%. It was assumed that the antimicrobic agent was washed off by the successive process. 2. When the antimicrobic finishing was carried out on the specimens after fixation the bacterial reduction was 95.0% and then the specimen carried out successive process was 97.3%. This result indicates that antimicrobic finishing on the leather would be given after fixation rather than before and after neutralization.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.74-78
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• 1997

This study was performed to obtain the basic data of the effect of antimicrobic finishing on chrome-tanned leather for apparel. This study was to examine the effect of conditions of antimicrobic finishing on content of antimicrobic agents in the specimen by analysis and on the antimicrobic activity of specimens by means of shake flask test. The optimum conditions of antimicrobic finishing were found to be ; the concentration of Si-QAC-0.5%(o.w.f.), treating time-30minute, and drying method-air drying.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.24-31
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• 2007

This paper addresses factors of line image quality on grain leather printed via inkjet printer. Lines were printed onto coated leather media, and line width, edge blurriness, and edge raggedness were evaluated for line image quality. Various factors influenced to wetting and capillary wicking were studied and found out that wicking through capillary between fibers causes significant feathering on leather surface similar with pulp capillary in copy Paper. Polyurethane and acrylic resin coating resulted good image qualify by reducing capillary wicking. The mixture of polyurethane and acrylic resin applied on grain leather satisfied with both image quality and surface hand. $AllWrite^{TM}$ ink brought best results of image quality, comparing with $VeraPrint^{TM}$ ink and $JetWrite^{TM}$ ink.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.630-634
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• 2013

Cow leather coated with polyurethane film that contains various organic photosensitizers was investigated to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties in the application of the material to protective clothing and home appliances. To prepare the antimicrobial coating on leather surfaces with high potency against microbes, photoactive agents, such as benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (MK), 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) and methylene blue (MB), were incorporated into polyurethane-based coating solutions. The photoactive antimicrobial agent treated leather samples were characterized by SEM, color appearance, color fastness against abrasion, and antimicrobial tests. The optical properties of organic photosensitizers indicated that active UV absorbance ranges were different: BP (around 250 nm), MK (around 360 nm), DHBP (around 305 nm) and MB (around 295 nm &570 nm-685 nm). The intensity of the UV absorbance curve at the UVA light wavelength for the antimicrobial test showed the highest value with MK; subsequently, this was followed by MB, DHBP and BP in decreasing order. The treated-leather samples demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity under UVA light. The antimicrobial effects for the Staphylococcus aureus were superior to Escherichia coli. Moreover, the polyurethane finishing showed an effective durability to abrasion. The overall results indicated that DHBP is the most suitable PU coating additive to provide antimicrobial properties to leather as well as color and surface appearance than MK, MB, and BP.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.233-250
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• 2020

In this study, a chitosan based coating method was developed and applied on the shoe lining leather surface for evaluating its inhibition to bacterial and fungal attacks. At first, chitosan was prepared from raw prawn shells and then the prepared chitosan solution was applied onto the leather surface. Secondly, the characterization of the prepared chitosan and chitosan treated leather was performed by solubility test, ATR-FTIR, XRD pattern, SEM and TGA. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was assessed against two gram positive, two gram negative bacteria and a reputed fungi by agar diffusion test. The results of this study demonstrated that chitosan took place in both the surface of collagen fibres and inside the collagen matrix of crust leather. The chitosan showed strong antimicrobial activities against all the tested microorganisms and the inhibition increased with increasing percentage of chitosan. Therefore, the prepared chitosan in this study can be an environment friendly biocide, which functions simultaneously against different spoilage bacteria and fungi on the finished leather surface. Thus by using the prepared chitosan in shoe lining leather, the possibility of microbial attack during shoe wearing can be minimized which is one of the important hygienic requirements of footwear.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

Industrial wastewater management guideline and evaluation model of Best Available Technologies for the leather tanning and finishing industry was developed as an economical evaluation model using evaluation of BAT including economical evaluation combined with cost analysis model and cost annualization model in considering of economical factors and non-water environmental factors. It was verified that approximately 10% will be increased annually to modify conventional treatment process ($3,700m^3/d$) of J leather wastewater treatment plant to advanced process of K leather wastewater treatment plant.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.42-65
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• 2023

Leather is widely used in human lives and many industries, and the market size continues to grow. In terms of quality and durability, natural leather is still being used as the most luxurious product. And synthetic leather, made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PU), were developed and being widely have been used as alternative materials for natural leather. Processes, properties and issues of these leather were reviewed. Then silicone leather was reviewed why they can be good candidates for leather. Properties of general silicone polymers and silicone rubber coating agents were reviewed such as eco-friendliness, human-friendliness, stain resistances, resistance to uv light and ozone, heat stability and so on. Papers and patents related to silicone leather were studied to understand current status of development and commercialization of silicone leather. Finally direction of development was described how to improve deficient performances of current silicone leather, such as formulation of silicone, combination with organic materials and manufacturing processes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the durability properties of the recycled leather using shaving scrap with antioxidant. Recycled leather sheets were manufactured by mixing shaving scrap and NB latex as a binder. HALS(Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer) and UVA(UV absorbers) were used as antioxidant. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and abrasion resistance were measured. Light aging resistance was evaluated using UV lamp and the degree of discoloration of the recycled leather sheets using a gray scale. In addition, to evaluate heat aging and UV aging, the degree of discoloration of the recycled leather sheets over time was measured using colorimeter. Washing fastness was evaluated on the degree of dyeing of recycled leather sheets for six type of multi-fiber woven fabrics (Acetate, Cotton, Nylon-66, Polyester, Acryl, Wool). To determine whether hazardous substances were detected in recycled leather sheets, the contents of arylamine and Cr 6⁺ were evaluated. As a result, when used in combination with antioxidant, the heat aging and light aging of recycled leather were improved and hazardous substance were not detected.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The study has attempted to introduce a new coating than the conventional standardized method of spray, padding and roll coating. The study has focused on finding condition for separating water and organic layer in marble bath and surface effects according to kind of raw hide. It was found that dyestuff-free was to be used in water layer and the input amount of initial insoluble pigment to be added in marble bath should be adjusted following the change of surface area of the marble bath in order to get efficient marble effect while preventing coagulation of water and organic layers. Eventually, amorphous high value-added leather could be obtained treated in process other than the conventional standardized method. Even raw hides of low grades($C{\sim}E$ grades) could be processed into amorphous marble effect that could conceal or shield surface scratches by the colorant, which eventually eliminated necessity of using excessive amount of chemicals in the coating process leading to achieving high quality marble leather of natural look.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.281-295
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• 2017

This research is about the reproduction of Baekje's armor-lamellar made for the Hanseong Baekje Museum exhibition. The purpose of the research are as follows. First, to categorize Baekje armor by type based on ancient documents and the excavated relics. Second, to reproduce categorized armor that provide a visual work for use in diverse areas. Baekje armor can be examined through the ancient records and several excavated relics. The results of the research are as follows. First, Baekje armor can be categorized into four types by material: 1) brass 2) iron 3) leather 4) bone. The can also be categorized into three types by finishing a) Hyeongnyubongnyun type (the leather skin interweaves with the lamellar armor method) b) Hyeokpobongnyun type (the method which wraps around the edges of leather skin) c) leather cloth added to clothe type. Second, we reproduced metal armor, iron armor and leather armor using brass, iron and leather (but not bone). Each type of armor were made life-size for exhibition purposes. We used Hyeongnyubongnyun method, Hyeokpobongnyung method and leather cloth; in addition, reproductions were made based on the Yangdang method that connected the front and the back from both sides of the shoulders so it can be open and close at the side part.