• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.310-321
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• 2022

This study aimed to find out how creative education programs using AR/VR affect student's creative problem-solving skills and class satisfaction. For this purpose, a total of 179 students in 7 classes of the first grade of J High school located in the chungbuk region were the subjects of this study. The data were analyzed by performing two-dependent samples (t-test) based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of creative problem-solving ability test, and the value of class satisfaction was analyzed and interpret using descriptive statistics and interview. The results of this study are as follows. First, except for 'execution', 'problem discovery and analysis', 'idea generation', 'execution plan', 'conviction and communication', and 'innovation tendency' showed statistically significant results. Second, in terms of class satisfaction of the creative education program, it was an average of 3.75 and it was difficult for learners to derive creative ideas, outputs, and results through groups within a given time in regular class, but generally showed a positive response. Therefore, it was confirmed that the creative education program using AR/VR increased student's learning motivation and interest in the process of generation or expanding ideas to solve problems like educational effect of STEAM.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has been widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry as a functional material. In a previous study, we have investigated not only pharmacological effects such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but also analyzed various functional ingredients. In this study, triterpenoids were analyzed using HPLC-DAD to determine marker compounds among functional ingredients. When triterpenoids were analyzed, asiaticoside from C. asiatica was determined as an optimal marker compound. Next, specificity, linearity, limited of detection (LOD), limited of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and range were evaluated using HPLC-DAD to determine asiaticoside contents in C. asiatica juice and extracts. The specificity was elucidated by chromatogram and retention time using an established analytical method. The coefficient of correlation obtained was 0.9996. LOD was 4.99 ㎍/mL and LOQ was 15.12 ㎍/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision of asiaticoside were determined to be 0.48~1.68% and 0.08~1.09%, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery rate of asiaticoside was 98.88% and the analytical range of Field-70E was determined to be 0.625~10 mg/mL. As a results of evaluating ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidative effect, Field-70E showed potent antioxidant activities. Results of this study could be used as basic data for quality standardization of C. astiatica juice and extracts.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2023

Recently, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has been increasing in various fields such as interactive commerce and mobile financial services. However, LMMs, which are mainly created by learning existing documents, can also learn various human biases inherent in documents. Nevertheless, there have been few comparative studies on the aspects of bias and discrimination in LLMs. The purpose of this study is to examine the existence and extent of nine types of discrimination (Age, Disability status, Gender identity, Nationality, Physical appearance, Race ethnicity, Religion, Socio-economic status, Sexual orientation) in LLMs and suggest ways to improve them. For this purpose, we utilized BBQ (Bias Benchmark for QA), a tool for identifying discrimination, to compare three large-scale language models including ChatGPT, GPT-3, and Bing Chat. As a result of the evaluation, a large number of discriminatory responses were observed in the mega-language models, and the patterns differed depending on the mega-language model. In particular, problems were exposed in elder discrimination and disability discrimination, which are not traditional AI ethics issues such as sexism, racism, and economic inequality, and a new perspective on AI ethics was found. Based on the results of the comparison, this paper describes how to improve and develop large-scale language models in the future.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2023

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is commonly employed in the field of forensic pathology. PMCT was mainly performed using a whole-body scan with a wide field of view (FOV), which lead to a decrease in spatial resolution due to the increased pixel size. This study aims to evaluate the potential for developing a super-resolution model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enhance the image quality of CT. 1761 low-resolution images were obtained using a whole-body scan with a wide FOV of the head phantom, and 341 high-resolution images were obtained using the appropriate FOV for the head phantom. Of the 150 paired images in the total dataset, which were divided into training set (96 paired images) and validation set (54 paired images). Data augmentation was perform to improve the effectiveness of training by implementing rotations and flips. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we used the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Deep Image Structure and Texture Similarity (DISTS). Obtained the PSNR, SSIM, and DISTS values of the entire image and the Medial orbital wall, the zygomatic arch, and the temporal bone, where fractures often occur during head trauma. The proposed method demonstrated improvements in values of PSNR by 13.14%, SSIM by 13.10% and DISTS by 45.45% when compared to low-resolution images. The image quality of the three areas where fractures commonly occur during head trauma has also improved compared to low-resolution images.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

Currently, by using the Internet, We can do varius things such as Web surfing, email, on-line shopping, stock trading on your home or office. However, as being out of the concept of security from the beginning, it is the big social issues that malicious user intrudes into the system through the network, on purpose to steal personal information or to paralyze system. In addition, network intrusion by ordinary people using network attack tools is bringing about big worries, so that the need for effective and powerful intrusion detection system becomes very important issue in our Internet environment. However, it is very difficult to prevent this attack perfectly. In this paper we proposed the algorithm for the detection of DoS attacks, and developed attack detection tools. Through learning in a normal state on Step 1, we calculate thresholds, the number of packets that are coming to each port, the median and the average utilization of each port on Step 2. And we propose values to determine how to attack detection on Step 3. By programing proposed attack detection algorithm and by testing the results, we can see that the difference between the median of packet mounts for unit interval and the average utilization of each port number is effective in detecting attacks. Also, without the need to look into the network data, we can easily be implemented by only using the number of packets to detect attacks.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.351-368
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• 2023

The scientist-led Research and Education (R&E) program aims to strengthen gifted science students' research capabilities under the guidance of scientists. Students' actual research experiences in scientist-led R&E activities range from understanding how scientists conduct research to actively participating in research. To develop R&E that promotes student agency, i.e., student participation, this study aimed to identify the pedagogical characteristics that supported gifted science students' agentic participation in the scientist-led R&E program. We conducted interviews with learners and scientists in three teams undertaking R&E activities every three months. The interview covered their perceptions of R&E activities, student participation, and scientists' support for the activities. The recordings and transcripts of the interviews were used as primary data sources for the analysis. The trajectory of each team's activities, as well as the learners' and scientists' dynamic positioning were identified. Based on this analysis, we inductively identified the pedagogical characteristics that emerged from classes in which the scientists supported the students' learning and engagement in research. Regarding agency, three types of student participation were identified: 1) the sustained exercise of agency, 2) the initial exercise and subsequent discouragement of agency, and 3) the continuous non-exercise of agency. Two pedagogical characteristics that supported the learners' agentic participation were identified: 1) opportunities for students to take part in research management and 2) scientist-student interactions encouraging learners to present expert-level ideas. This study contributes to developing pedagogies that foster gifted science students' agentic participation in scientist-led R&E activities.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze ecological citizenship elements in the middle school home economics textbook used in the 2015 national curriculum for the introduction of ecological transformation education in the 2022 national curriculum. As a result of the analysis, the content analysis of the ecological citizenship factor was validated by six experts who are incumbent middle school home economics teachers, and the S-CVI value was 0.97, ensuring the validity of the ecological citizenship factor analysis. The results of analyzing 242 ecological citizenship factors extracted from home economics textbooks are as follows. According to the content area of the 2015 national home economics curriculum, the 'human development and family' area had the highest presence of ecological citizenship factors followed by the 'resource management and self-reliance' area and the 'home life and safety' area. Among the categories of ecological citizenship factors, 'value⋅attitude' was the most frequent, followed by 'process⋅function' and 'knowledge⋅understanding'. For each textbook composition system, ecological citizenship elements were extracted in the order of pictures, text, activities, and supplementary materials. There was a significant variation in the number of ecological citizenship factors among publishers, indicating the importance of the textbook writers' perception, interpretation, and direction of writing. Based on these analysis results, ecological citizenship teaching and learning activities applicable to home economics education were presented. This study highlights the potential for practicing ecological citizenship education in line with the new orientation of the curriculum on ecological transformation education through home economics education. Furthermore, it provides valuable baseline data for the development and implementation of textbooks for the 2022 national curriculum.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2023

In the event of a disaster occurring within a building, the prompt and efficient evacuation and rescue of occupants within the building becomes the foremost priority to minimize casualties. For the purpose of such rescue operations, it is essential to ascertain the distribution of individuals within the building. Nevertheless, there is a primary dependence on accounts provided by pertinent individuals like building proprietors or security staff, alongside fundamental data encompassing floor dimensions and maximum capacity. Consequently, accurate determination of the number of occupants within the building holds paramount significance in reducing uncertainties at the site and facilitating effective rescue activities during the golden hour. This research introduces a methodology employing computer vision algorithms to count the number of occupants within distinct building locations based on images captured by installed multiple CCTV cameras. The counting methodology consists of three stages: (1) establishing virtual Lines of Interest (LOI) for each camera to construct a multi-camera network environment, (2) detecting and tracking people within the monitoring area using deep learning, and (3) aggregating counts across the multi-camera network. The proposed methodology was validated through experiments conducted in a five-story building with the average accurary of 89.9% and the average MAE of 0.178 and RMSE of 0.339, and the advantages of using multiple cameras for occupant counting were explained. This paper showed the potential of the proposed methodology for more effective and timely disaster management through common surveillance systems by providing prompt occupancy information.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

This study conducted bibliometric analysis on studies of Korean intangible cultural heritage dance in the Seoul area and it aimed to figure out the tendencies of that research. For this, a list of Korean intangible cultural heritage dance studies of 24 events was collected and analysis was conducted through the big data analysis solution of TEXTOM. Text mining was used as the method for analysis. Research results showed that first, most of the studies were conducted on the Bongsan Talchum and studies on teaching and learning methods were especially actively conducted. On the other hand, there were not many studies on Gut and the need for research vitalization in that area was confirmed. Second, in studies on Cheoyongmu events, the term'contemporary Cheoyongmu' was used frequently. This can be considered the use of meaningful terms with regard to intangible cultural heritage dance that has changed throughout history. At this, the vitalization of research that can reveal the typicality of dance is demanded from research of other events as well. Third, there was a notable amount of research that compared and analyzed dance styles with regard to the Munmyoilmu. This was seen as the result of discussions in the Korean dancing world regarding archetypal dance styles expanding into academic discussions. Therefore, it was revealed that academic discussions can connect to academic outcomes apart from whether the matter is right or wrong.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for improving the adaptability of college life by examining the effects of individuality and relationship of university freshmen on college life adaptation. The study subjects were 383 freshmen enrolled in a university in Chungbuk C City, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors of impact. The first study found that boys were more individual in genders, depending on the general characteristics. Extroverted students were more relational. In the majors, students in the humanities and social sciences were more related, and students in the natural engineering department were more individual. Second, the lower factors affecting college students' adaptation to college life were found to be autonomous in individuality, and affinity and intimacy in relation. In particular, autonomy has the greatest impact on adaptation to college life, followed by affinity and intimacy. Based on these results, policy suggestions are needed first, it is necessary to balance and balance individuality and relationship. second, it is necessary to create activities and learning environments that you can choose for yourself. third, it is necessary to develop programs to promote affinity and intimacy such as department events and club activities. fourth, emotional and psychological program support through face-to-face contact should be activated to improve individuality and relationship.