• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2009

A design methodology for transformers including integrated and center-tapped structures for LLC resonant converters is proposed. In the LLC resonant converter, the resonant inductor in the primary side can be merged in the transformer as a leakage inductance. And, the absence of the secondary filter inductor creates low voltage stress on the secondary rectifiers and is cost-effective. A center-tapped structure of the transformer secondary side is widely used in commercial applications because of its higher efficiency and lower cost than full-bridge structures in the rectifying stages. However, this transformer structure has problems of resonance imbalance and transformer inefficiency caused by leakage inductance imbalance in the secondary side and the position of the air-gap in the transformer, respectively. In this paper, gain curves and soft-switching conditions are derived by first harmonic approximation (FHA) and operating circuit simulation. In addition, the effects of the transformer including integrated and center-tapped structures are analyzed by new FHA models and simulations to obtain an optimal design. Finally, the effects of the air-gap position are analyzed by an electromagnetic field simulator. The proposed analysis and design are verified by experimental results with a 385W LLC resonant converter.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.472-482
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 PDP TV 전원에 적용된 LLT 변압기를 사용한 LLC 직렬공진 컨버터의 설계과정과 실험결과에 대해 서술하였다. 인덕터와 변압기를 하나의 변압기로 사용한 LLT 변압기는 전선방법과 코어의 공극에 따라 1, 2 차측 누설인덕턴스가 함께 증가한다. 이러한 LLT 변압기의 증가된 1, 2차측 누설인덕턴스는 LLC 직렬공진컨버터의 DC 전압이득에 영향을 준다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 LLT 변압기 적용 LLC 직렬 공진 컨버터의 전압이득 특성과 실험 결과에 대해 Math-CAD 시뮬레이션을 기본으로 한 이론적인 해석 및 600W 시제품을 통해 증명하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 중$\cdot$대용량 고밀도 전원 장치에 적합한 플랫 트랜스포머(Flat Transformer)를 사용하여 다양한 출력의 DC/DC 변환장치를 설계하는 방법을 제시하였다. 플랫 트랜스포머 모듈은 다수의 트랜스포머를 병렬로 구성하여 제작하고, 이차 권선이 항상 1턴으로 구성되므로 기존의 트랜스포머에 비해 누설 인덕턴스가 크게 감소하게 되어 고주파 스위칭에 적합한 형태를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 플랫 트랜스포머의 성능을 증명하기 위하여 750W급 AC/DC 변환기를 구성하여 다양한 출력을 갖는 전원 장치를 제작/실험하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.645-650
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• 2007

This paper proposes a parameter estimation technique of a power transformer. Based on the combined equation, it estimates separately the primary and secondary leakage inductances using the least square method from the instantaneous voltages and currents in the steady state. The performance of the proposed technique was investigated by varying the cut-off frequency of the filter and the number of samples per cycle. The estimated values are obtained based on the average value for 41 cycle.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2006년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.46-49
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• 2006

The LLC series resonant converter with a LLT(Inductor-Inductor-Transformer) transformer for PDP V sustaining power supply is presented. LLT transformer used to combine the inductor and transformer into one unit has the increased leakage inductance in the primary and secondary due to the winding method and the use of the gaped core. The increased leakage inductance in the primary and secondary of LLT transformer can be impacted on the DC voltage gain characteristics of LLC series resonant converter. In this paper, DC gain characteristics and the experimental results of the LLC series resonant converter with a LLT transformer are verified on the simulation based on the theoretical analysis and the 400W experimental prototype.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1469-1479
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• 2017

Primary-side regulation (PSR) scheme is widely applied in low power applications, such as cell phone chargers, network adapters, and LED drivers. However, the efficiency and standby power requirements have been improved to a high standard due to the new trends of DOE (Department Of Energy) Level VI and COC (Code Of Conduct specifications) V5. The major drawbacks of PSR include poor regulation due to inaccurate feedback and difficulty in acquiring acceptable regulation. A novel adaptive blanking strategy for constant current and constant voltage regulation is proposed in this paper. An accurate model for the sample blanking time related to transformer leakage inductance and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) parasitic capacitance is established. The proposed strategy can achieve accurate detection for ultra-low standby power. In addition, numerous control factors are analyzed in detail to eliminate the influence of leakage inductance on the loop stability. A dedicated controller integrated circuit (IC) with a power MOSFET is fabricated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Experimental results demonstrated that the prototype based on the proposed IC has excellent performance.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.379-381
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• 2008

Generally additional leakage inductance and two clamp diodes are adopted into the conventional phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter for reducing the voltage stress of secondary rectifier diodes and extending the range of zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation. However, since additional leakage inductance carries the ac current similar to the primary one, the core and copper loss oriented from additional leakage inductance can be high enough to decrease the whole efficiency of DC/DC converter. Therefore, in this paper, a new ZVS phase shift full bridge converter with separated primary winding (SPW) is proposed. Proposed converter makes the transformer and additional leakage inductor with one ferrite core. Using this method, leakage inductance is controlled by the winding ratio of separated primary winding. Moreover, by manufacturing the both magnetic components with one core, size and core loss can be reduced and it turns out the improvement of efficiency and power density of DC/DC converter. The operational principle of proposed converter is analyzed and verified by the 1.2kW prototype.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.116-118
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• 2002

This paper presents leakage magnetic field and leakage inductance calculations in current transformer by means of 3-D Integral methods. From the distribution diagram of leakage magnetic flux to be analyzed using program called TRACAL 3, it confirms a parallel to the winding axis direction of the leakage flux lines in the air gap between the windings. The leakage inductances $L_{r1}\;and\;L_{r2}$ of the primary and secondary windings were calculated, their values are 4.23 mH and 0.49 mH, respectively. They are also similar to the measured values of the leakage inductances for the experimental verification, 4.06 mH and 0.47 mH.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.502-507
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• 2004

The forward planar transformer, which had power capacity of 300 W, input voltage of 220 V, output voltage of 15 V, and switching frequency of 300 KHz, was designed and manufactured by using the planar core with large effective area and the flat copper leadframes for miniaturization and high efficiency of the switching mode power supply (SMPS). As well as, a forward converter equipped with the above mentioned planar transformer was manufactured and electromagnetic characteristics were investigated. The numerical value of turns for 1st and 2nd winding were 15 and 2 respectively The self inductance of 1st winding was 1.592 mH, very low leakage inductance of 2.7 $\mu$H, and the coupling factor of 0.928 were obtained at switching frequency of 300 KHz. The high efficiency of 88.62 % for the SMPS equipped with planar transformer was obtained at power capacity of 300 W.

• 전기의세계
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1979

In the microwave heating system, a ferroresonant transformer is used to regulate the magnetron power fluctuation. For the simplification, nonlinear characteristics of the transformer and the magnetron are idealized to be piecewise linear. Dipped peak shape of the magnetron current is explained qualitatively by considering the fundamental and third harmonic frequency components in the circuit. Design equations providing the values of the leakage inductance, turn ratio of the transformer and the capacitance are derived analytically by cosnidering the fundamental frequency component only. The ferroresonant transformer is designed to obtain a required regulation and high input power factor from the derived design equations, and analytical calculations are compared with experimental measurements.