• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.799-807
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• 2004

The objective of this field experiment was to investigate the growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and stylo 184 grown under intercropping. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: sole crop cassava (C); sole crop stylo 184 (S) and three intercropping treatments comprising an additive series of one (SC), two (SSC) and three (SSSC) rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava. The results showed that leaf area per plant (LA) of cassava was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. Both total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly higher (p<0.05) for C treatment and lower (p<0.05) for SSSC treatment. The total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. At the first and second harvests, CP content was similar among treatments; while at third and fourth harvests, CP contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatment relative to the sole crop. At the first and second harvest, NDF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments, whereas NDF contents were similar among intercropping treatments. Leaf area of stylo 184 at first and second harvest were significantly greater (p<0.05) for C, SC and SSC as compared with the SSSC treatments. At each harvesting, there were no significant differences in ash, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of stylo 184 hay between the sole crop and intercropping treatments, except for the first harvest. ADF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in S, SC treatments relative to SSC and SSSC treatments. Both collective hay yield and CPDM yield of cassava and stylo 184 were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the SSC treatment and significantly lower (p<0.05) for the S treatment. Collective hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatments relative to the sole crop. Based on this research, it was concluded that stylo 184 showed potential for intercropping with cassava. Intercropping cassava with stylo 184 has beneficial effects and can improve foliage biomass yield and soil fertility, which would be a more sustainable system than growing the cassava as a pure stand. In terms of hay yield and CP production, two rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava could be the optimal pattern for this intercropping system.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1994

Followings are resulted through the analysis of the maln characters and the leaf ingredients, which is on the purpose of getting the basic materials to improve jaso and increase its production.Of the introduced varieties, Jukyeubjaso-stem length is 180cm, ear length is 37cm, No. of branches ofstem is 27, leaf length Is 16cm, leaf width Is 15cm-has better character than any other. Gurye local-stem length is 179cm, ear length is 38cm-is taken to be the best in the Geo-ecotypic.In the yield of leaf and seed, JukyeubJaso Is 727kg/10a, the greatest of all. In the leaf softness, allthe Inirorluced varieties are about 3.5 degrees, the Geo-ecotypic, about 2. The qualify of the introducedvat'ieties is better· than that of the Geo-ecotypic. Estimating on the chemical analysis of leaf,Jukyeubjaso has Protein 21.84%, Total carbohydrate 7.91%, Fe 126ppm, and Gurye lacal has Protein21.7 a, Total carbohydrate 8.4%, Fe 148ppm, expressing the highest. In correlation coefficients of leafchemical components, between protein and Total carbohydrate, Protein and Mn, protein and Fe, Pro-tein and Cu all the sorts show the positive correlation. Among them the Geo-ccoyplcs show the hlghestsignificance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to obtain the basic information on heterosis and heterobeltiosis of quantitative characters in the eggplant by crossing of varieties. The heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated in Fl generation. The results were as follows, based on the graphical analysis, the characters, plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit number per plant(yield) were assumed to inherit dominance, and fruit length and fruit diameter were found to inherit incomplete dominance. The degree of positive heterosis of plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, fruit weight, and stem diameter showed negative heterobeltiosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1987

The contents of some chemical constituents in several parts of Panax ginseng were investigated. Each part of ginseng was extracted with 70% ethanol and then water. The yield of extract was the highest in fine root, and relatively low in roughly dried ginseng and white ginseng, On the other hand, the contents of total sugars in white ginseng and seedling ginseng were high, but low in leaf and peel. The contents of crude protein in roughly dried ginseng and white ginseng were high, but those in leaf, rhizome (nod) and peel were low. The content of crude fat was higher in leaf than in other parts of ginseng plants and that was the lowest in fine root. Among free sugars, the content of fructose was high in leaf and rhizome, but that was the lowest in fine root. In the case of glucose content, leaf contained the highest amount, but fine root did the lowest. Sucrose contents in white, roughly dried and lateral roots were high, whereas that in leaf was low.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

This research was conducted to compare the dry matter production and the yield productivity among nine soybean cultivars by measuring the photosynthetic ability of the middle and lower leaves at the flowering and the seed development stages. The leaf greenness(SPAD value) were ranged as 32-42 at the flowering stage. Also, They were ranged as 25-40 and 38-51 at the fifth leaf and the seventh leaf, respectively. The photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage showed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and the photosynthetic ability at the seed development stage showed higher difference among cultivars than the flowering stage. The variation of the photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage also was significant among cultivars. The light saturation point at the flowering stage was about 1500 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR, and the seed development stage was about 1000 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR. The photosynthesis showed the high negative correlation with the leaf area and the positive correlation with the leaf area ratio. Also, photosynthesis at seed development stage showed positive correlation with grain yields but there was not significant between photosynthesis and yields at flowering stage..

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 1980

This study was carried out to seek the visible marker and make it easy to select the individuals or lines which have excellent characters. Ginseng plants of one to five years were used for this study, and agronomic characters, such as stem diameter. stem length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length. stem weight, leaf weight, number of leaves, number of leaflets, main root length, root length, root diameter and root weight were determined and correlations among them were estimated. Generally, agronomic characters, such as stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf weight and stem weight had positive and highly significant correlations with root weight per plant, the character that has great influence on yield.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

This study was conducted to evaluate the winter active polycross progenies of 10 genotypes selected at the hot and dry climate of the Southern Oregon in their performance in the progeny test comparing with a high yielding variety, 'Fawn', and a winter active variety, 'TFM', as the control varieties at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially which related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after their establishment, were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf fresh weight and dry weight per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Variations among polycross progenies of genotypes for these characteristics were great. 2. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf area per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Leaf area among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated greatly and poly cross progenies of 'genotype-16' had the same average leaf area as 'Fawn'. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight (S. L. W.) in the winter active genotypes and variety were not significant. Probably the genetic diversity for S. L. W were not big and were narrowed down already in this genetic population. It was suggested that the photosynthate production within the population might not be different and there might be differences in the photosynthate production-translocation balance. Further study for the diurnal change in S. L. W. within the population might be useful. 4. The winter active variety and genotypes had less leaf width than 'Fawn' does. Leaf width among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated significantly. 5. Differences among controls and polycross progeny group in the initial plant height were significant and variety 'Fawn' was taller than the winter active genotypes and variety. But the differences were not significant in the regrowth of plant height after the first forage harvest. On the contrary. the differences among polycross progenies of genotypes were not significant in the initial plant but the differences in their polycross progeny performance became obvious and great in the regrowth ability which is an improtent agronomic characteristics for forage crops produced in the pasture and for hay and silage. 6. Plant width of the winter active genotypes and variety was lesser than 'Fawn' variety. 7. Differences of tiller number became evident and variety 'Fawn' had higher tiller number than the winter active genotypes and variety after the first forage cutting. There, deviations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great for this characteristic. It was obvious that the genetic differences became more evident in the second measurement after the first cutting of forage probably because this characteristic were stimulated by defoliation in the cartain genotypes and variety. 8. The winter active genotypes and variety on the initial growth. the regrowth ability andtotal yield had lesser forage yield than variety 'Fawn'. Deviation of forage yield among polycross progenies of genotypes were great and gave basis for selection according to their polycross progeny performance improving the forage yield of these winter active tall fescue population during summer. 9. It was concluded that the winter active variety and genotypes in this study was poorer than variety 'Fawn' for the most of leaf and plant characteristics including forage yield. For these measurements, the variations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great. and plant breeding might able to improve further this winter active tall fescue through the polycross progeny testing method for the higher forage production during summer in Korea. 10. The result of the associations among various characteristics under study were quite agreeable with the results of the analysis of variance and woul be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a new variety.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.830-836
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• 2000

A participation scheme involving smallholder dairy farmers in improving dairy productivity through the use of local feeds, on-farm established feeds and crop residues was carried out in the Northeast, Thailand. At six milk collection centers, 63 farmers with 340 lactating cows participated in this research and demonstration of feed supplements. Farmers and cows were allotted to receive respective feed supplements: high-quality feed block (HQFB), high-quality feed pellet (HQFP), dried cassava leaf/cassava hay, dried leucaena leaf and cottonseed meal: 5% urea treated rice straw was fed as a source of roughage throughout the feeding period of the dry season. Trainings and workshops were organized by the researchers at the University, research station, demonstration sites and on-farms. Regular visits to the fartns by researchers and extension officers were made while discussions and demonstrations were performed in addition. Participating farmers also visited other farmers during the demonstration which offered a real practical perspective and farmer-to-farmer interaction. As a result of this participation and demonstration scheme, the farmers could learn more effectively and accepted the technology more readily, especially the practicality of the feed preparation, feed establishment, feeding method and feed reserve. Strategic supplementation of these feed supplements resulted in improving milk yield, milk quality, overall condition of the cows and higher income return through increased productivity and lower level use of concentrate to milk yield from 1:2 to 1:3 or lower. Based on this research and demonstration /participation scheme, all feed supplements enhanced productivity, however the establishment of cassava hay on fartns deserved more attention and warrants a wider developmental expansion among dairy farmers since it contained high rumen by-pass protein (tannin-protein complex) and could be easily produced and be sustainable on farms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.309-318
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• 2005

Higher level of KCl application stimulated both leaf area index and leaf area duration in all cassava varieties, while the leaf and tuber number of the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties) decreased in proportion to the level of KCl application. The root/shoot (R/S) ratio and harvest index (HI) were negatively related with the level of KCl application in all cassava varieties. The bitter varieties obtained the lowest R/S ratio at the level of 100 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) acquired the highest values at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Also, the sweet varieties showed the lowest HI at the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, but the bitter varieties at the level of 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. At 6 - 8 months after planting, the sweet varieties tended to obtain higher starch content of roots (tubers) at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the bitter varieties at the level of 150 - 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Relatively lower level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was more appropriate for decreasing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of roots (tubers) in the sweet varieties at the harvest time, and the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was adequate to decrease not only HCN content of leaves but also that of roots (tubers) in the bitter varieties during the growing period. To obtain higher yield and starch content of tubers, and lower HCN content of roots (tubers), it was recommended that the sweet varieties are applied with the level of 50 - 100 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ and the bitter varieties with the level of 150 - 200 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, respectively, in Latosol soils of Bogor areas, West Java.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to examine ginseng lines resistant and susceptible to high-temperature injury and to investigate characteristics of the selected lines: leaf burning phenomenon, chlorophyll content, quantum yield, and maximum light interception rate. The leaf burning phenomenon incidence rates of the resistant lines Yunpoong, high-temperature injury resistance (HTIR)1, HTIR2, and HTIR3 were low: 5.8%, 3.6%, 4.0%, and 1.9%, respectively. Resistance of the susceptible lines Chunpoong, high-temperature injury susceptible (HTIS)1, and HTIS2 was high: 58.5%, 23.2%, and 21.7%, respectively. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the resistant lines Yunpoong, HTIR1, HTIR2, and HTIR3, which were exposed to high temperatures and intense light, remained as high at 24.8, 27.9, 24.9, and 30.6, respectively, but that of the susceptible lines Chunpoong, HTIS1, and HTIS2 was low at 21.0, 21.1, and 20.1, respectively. During the summer season, the quantum yield of the resistant lines (Yunpoong, HTIR1, HTIR2, and HTIR3) changed little, but that of the susceptible lines (Chunpoong, HTIS1, and HTIS2) changed dramatically. The maximum light interception rate (Fm/Fv value) for the resistant lines (Yunpoong, HTIR1, HTIR2, and HTIR3) was as high as 0.848, 0.794, 0.805, and 0.813, respectively, while that of the susceptible lines (Chunpoong, HTIS1, and HTIS2) was 0.678, 0.642, and 0.717, respectively. Based on these results, the high-temperature injury-resistant lines seemed to be less susceptible to high light, even at high temperatures. Future studies on red ginseng quality and its active ingredients in resistant ginseng lines and field experimentation will be conducted to verify the potential of the resistant lines.