• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2022

Leaves are an important organism for photosynthesis and transpiration. The shape of leaf is crucial factor affecting plant architecture. V-shape leaf rolling is enhancing canopy photosynthesis by increasing the CO₂ penetration and the light capture by reducing the shadow between the leaves. Therefore, moderate leaf rolling is thought to more high grain yield per area than flat leaf. We investigated 278 KRICE_CORE accession's Adaxial Leaf Rolling Index (LRI) in first heading using the following equation. For each accession, genomic DNA was used for sequencing. We sequenced the genomics with ~8 X coverage to detect SNPS. Raw reads were aligned against the rice reference (IRGSP 1.0) for SNP identification and genotype calling. To generate genotype data for GWAS, SNPs were filtered with minor allele frequency 0.05. Finally, 841,134 high-quality SNPs were used for our GWAS. The significant threshold was -log10(P)>7.23. From the results, 2 significance SNP were detected. Considering the LD block of 250kbp, 60 candidate gene were selected including Hypothetical gene and Conserved gene. In this poster, we analyzed candidate gene affecting adaxial Leaf Rolling through single-trait GWAS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.243-243
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• 2022

Leaves are an important organism for photosynthesis and transpiration. The shape of leaf is crucial factor affecting plant architecture. V-shape leaf rolling is enhancing canopy photosynthesis by increasing the CO₂ penetration and the light capture by reducing the shadow between the leaves. Therefore, moderate leaf rolling is thought to more high grain yield per area than flat leaf. We investigated 278 KRICE CORE accession's Adaxial Leaf Rolling Index (LRI) in first heading using the following equation. For each accession, genomic DNA was used for sequencing. We sequenced the genomics with ~8 X coverage to detect SNPS. Raw reads were aligned against the rice reference (IRGSP 1.0) for SNP identification and genotype calling. To generate genotype data for GWAS, SNPs were filtered with minor allele frequency 0.05. Finally, 841,134 high-quality SNPs were used for our GWAS. The significant threshold was -log10(P) >7.23. From the results, 2 significance SNP were detected. Considering the LD block of 250kbp, 60 candidate gene were selected including Hypothetical gene and Conserved gene. In this poster, we analyzed candidate gene affecting adaxial Leaf Rolling through single-trait GWAS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.197-221
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• 1980

Habitat observation, cultural experience of old and present plantation, weather factors in relation to crop stand and water physiology of root and leaf were reviewed. According to habitat observation ginseng plants love water but plate wit talus well grow at drained place with high moisture content in air and soil while ginseng plants were not found in dry or wet place. According to cultivation experience ginseng plants require abundant water in nursery and main field but most old planters believe that ginseng plaints are draught-loving thus require little water. The experience that rain especially in summer i.e unfavorable might be due to mechanical damage of leaves arid leaf disease infection, or severe leaf fall which is caused by high air temperature and coinsided with rain. According to crop stand observation in relation to weather factors abunsant water increased each root weight but decreased total yield indicating tile increase of missing root rate. Rain in summer was unfavorable too. Though rain in June was favorable for high yield general experience that cloudy day and rain were unfavorable might be due to low light intensity under shade. Present leading planters also do loot consider the importance of water in main field. Water content is higher in top than in root and highest in central portion of root and in stem of top. For seedling the heavier the weight of root is tile higher the water content while it reveries from two years old. Water potential of intact root appeared to be -2.89 bar suggesting high sensitivity to water environment. Under water stress water content severly decreased only in leaf. Water content of leaf appeared to be 78% for optimum, below 72% for functional damage and 68% for perm anent wilting. Transpiration or curs Principally through stomata in lower side of leaf thus contribution of upper side transpiration decreased with the increase of intensity. Transpiration is greater in the leaves grown under high light intensity. Thus water content is lower with high light inte nsity under field condition indicating that light is probable cause of water stress in field. Transpiration reached maximum at 10K1ut The decrease of transpiration at higher temperature seems to be due to the decrease of stomata aperture caused by water stress. Severe decrease of photosynthesis under water stress seems to be principally due to functional damage which is not caused by high temperature and Partly due to poor CO2 supply. Water potential of leaf appeared to be -16.8 bar suggesting weakness in draught tolerance. Ginseng leaves absorb water under high humidity. Water free space of leaf disc is %mailer than that of soybean leaf and water uptake appears to be more than two steps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1262-1262
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• 2001

The rice plant is one of the important staple crops in Korea. The high yield with low cost in rice is required the soil fertility and the development of new precise method of fertilizer application by nutritional diagnosis. Now, in Korea, the nitrogen application system for the rice plant is composed of the basal fertilization, fertilization at tillering stage and fertilization at panicle stage, which the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage amount to about 30 percent in the total amount. Thus, this experiment carried out to the development of the system that can measure the nitrogen content in the rice plant at panicle stage rapidly with the near infrared spectroscopy, and to predict the appropriate quantity of the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage based on calibration model for test of nitrogen content in rice plant. The samples were collected from 48 varieties in 4 regions which are mainly cultivated in the southern part of Korea. And then, it collected by classifying into the leaf, the whole plant and the stem since 7 days before the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage. The ranges of the nitrogen contents were 1.6∼4.0%, 1.7∼3.0% and 1.4∼2.7% in the leaf, the whole plant and the stem, respectively. In the calibration models created by each part of the plant under the Multiple Linear Regression(MLR) method, the calibration model for the leaf recorded the relatively high accuracy. The mutual crossing test on unknown samples were carried out using Partial Least Square(PLS) calibration model. That is, the nitrogen content in the stem was tested by calibration model made by the leaf model and that of stem was tested by calibration model made by whole plant sample. When unknown leaf sample was tested by calibration model made by all sample that collected from each part in rice plant such as leaf, stem and whole plant, it recorded the highest accuracy. As a result, to test the nitrogen content in the rice plant at panicle stage, the nitrogen content in the leaf shall be tested by the calibration model composed of the leaf, the stem and the whole plant. In future, to estimated the amount of nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage for rice plant , it will be calculated based on regression model between rice yield and nitrogen content of leaf measured by calibration model made by mixed sample including leaf, stem and whole plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1996

In order to obtain basic information for breeding varieties of onion which is suitable at the southern part of Korea. 222 early mature variety and 219 late mature variety were grown from sep.1993 to jun. 1994 at experimental field of Muan-Gun area, and yield components and yield of onion plant ware observed. Early mature onion cv. Changnyeongchunghwan-gkeukjoseng and Keumjungjoseng showed higher yield than other early mature variety used in the experiment. It showed relatively long plant height and leaf sheath length and, height of bulb and diameter of bulb and high weight of bulb. Late mature onion cv. Chunjudaego showed higher yield than other late mature variety used in the experiment. It showed relatively long plant height and leaf sheath length and diameter of bulb, and high weight of bulb. Therefore, it was concluded that Changnyeongchunghwangkeukjoseng,Keumjungjoseng and Chunjudaego were the most suitable early and late mature varieties with high yield at the southern part of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.340-345
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• 2005

A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth characteristics, seed and oil yield of two cultivars of soybean (G max (L.) Merr.) cv. PK-416 ($V_1$) and cv. PK-1024 ($V_2$) in relation to sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. Six combinations ($T_1-T_6$) of two levels of sulphur (0 and 40 kg $ha^{-1}$) and two levels of nitrogen (23.5 and 43.5 kg $ha^{-1}$) were applied to the two soybean cultivars as nutrients. Results indicated significant effect of sulphur and nitrogen, when applied together, on the growth characteristics, yield components, and seed and oil yield. Maximum response was observed with treatment $T_6$ (having 40 kg S and 43.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$). Seed and Oil yields were increased 90 and $102\%$ in $V_1$> and 104 and $123\%$ in $V_2$, respectively as compared to the control i.e. $T_1$ (having 0 kg S and 23.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$). Positive responses of S and N interaction on leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and biomass production were also observed. The results obtained in these experiments clearly suggest that balanced and judicious application of nitrogen and sulphur can improve both seed and oil yield of soybean cultivars by enhancing their growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2015

In this research, we surveyed the yield change of garlic cultivation with seed bulbs according to annual field culture after induced meristem culture. From 2007 to 2013, yearly produced seed bulbs from $2^{nd}$ to $8^{th}$ generation were cultivated in the Muan field. Over the generations, the general growth characteristics such as the plant height, leaf number, leaf length and stem diameter were all decreased. When we compared the conventional seed bulbs and TCR ones, the plant height and stem diameter showed bigger difference. And the TCR seed bulbs showed a week late harvest time against the conventional ones. The yield of $2^{nd}$ generation was 72.3 g and 57.1 g for the $8^{th}$ generation. However every generation showed higher yield than conventional seed garlic's ones as 43.9 g. The yield index showed the same trend as $2^{nd}-8^{th}$ to 63% to 21%. After the tissue culture of garlics, the viral infections (OYDV and GSV) of TCR was far less than that of conventional ones. In case of LYSV, the infection ratio was 6.7% at $2^{nd}$ generation and 26% at $8^{th}$. However, the ratio was far less than that (80%) of the conventional ones.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen, potassium application on the plant growth, grain yield and nodule formation of Winged bean. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, NAR, RGR and CGR increased with basal and top dressing of nitrogen and potassium application. Especially CGR was increased significantly with the added amount of potassium. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight decreased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, but increased with the added amount of potassium. Green pod, tuber and grain yield increased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, and the added amount of potassium. There appeared positive correlation coefficient between grain yield and growth charateristics, and between grain yield and components. But there showed negative correlation coefficient among yield, number of nodules, dry weight and P$_2$O$\_$5/ contents in leaf.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1999

Yield and growth characteristics were compared for five rice cultivars; a new Tongil-type, so called "super-rice", Dasanbyeo, an old Tongil-type Milyang 23, two japonicas Dongjinbyeo and Ilpumbyeo, and a new plant type (NPT)line IR65600-27-1-2. The objective of this stusy was to clarify the high yielding capacity of Dasanbyeo in terms of growth characteristics. The average grain yield (9 t/ha) of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Milyang 23 by ca. 9% that of japonicas by 20 to 30%, and that of NPT line by ca. 100%. The higher grain yield of Dasanbyeo was attributable not only to the greater dry matter production but also to the higher harvest index (HI). Dasanbyeo showed the greatest dry matter at harvest owing not only to the rapid leaf expan-sion at early growth stage and the resulting high LAI through the entire growth stage but also to the high NAR despite the high LAI. The rapid leaf expansion of Dasanbyeo at early growth stage seemed to be related in part to the profuse tillering capacity. HI was 0.53 in Dasanbyeo, 0,51 in Milyang 23, 0.41 in japonicas, and 0.35 in NPT line. Dasanbyeo was indebted for its higher HI to the relatively high grain filling ratio in spite of a much greater sink size than the other cultivars. Dasan had a greater source to sink ratio during grain ripening as measured by LAD/spikelet and dry matter production/spikelet which showed positove correlations with the grain ripening ratio. New plant type (NPT) line showed the lowest grain yield owing to the small sink size and the low grain filling ratio which seemed to have resulted from the abundant occurrence of weak-strength spikelets. The weak sink strength, in turn, seemed to have suppressed photosynthesis during the grain ripening stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 1984

The effects of retardants B995 and CCC on the growth and yield of soybean cultivar, kwanggyo, were investigated. The 3 application times(4th, 5th and 6th trifoliate leaf stage) combined with 4 concentrations (500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) were treated, and the retardant solutions were sprayed on the foliage. Only stem length in retardants, rate of podding in application times, and, in concentrations, stem length, number of branch, number of pod per plant and grain yield, were significant. In the inhibition of stem elongation, B995 was more effective than CCC, and rate of podding was the highest in the 4th leaf-spraying. The highest concentration, 3000 ppm, was the most effective in the inhibition of stem elongation and in the increase of number of branch and pod, rate of podding, and in yield. The number of node of mainstem, dry stem weight, chlorophyll and 100 grain weight were not significant with any treat. Yield had positively correlated with number of branch and pod, and rate of podding but negatively with stem length. The retardants was thought to be considerably conducive to the increase of yield.