• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

The plant morphological and chromosome characteristics of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal', a formolongi-Asiatic (FA) interspecific hybrid species bred at the National Institute of Horticultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), were investigated in this study. The flowering time of these species were found to have some variation. 'Bonanza' flowers in the middle to late June (medium-late maturing cultivar), 'Coral Candy' in the mid of June (medium maturing cultivar), and 'Purple Crystal' was observed to be in early June (early maturing cultivar). The flowering direction of all three cultivars are upward facing flowers and having a weak fragrance. The height of the plants was recorded in the range between 101.0 cm ('Purple Crystal') to 142.3 cm ('Bonanza'), thus they are able to develop cut flowers with excellent stem elongation. Flower diameters of 'Bonanza' (17.1 cm) and 'Coral Candy' (16.9 cm) were classified to be large sized flowers. On the other hand, 'Purple Crystal' had a narrow flower diameter (12.3 cm) with an outer petal width of more than 4.0 cm. Leaf length was observed for 'Bonanza' (15.7 cm), 'Coral Candy' (19.7 cm), and 'Purple Crystal' (11.1 cm). Chromosome analysis was done using FISH technique. Results revealed that all three cultivars were observed as triploids (2n=3x=36). FISH analysis also showed 5S/45S rDNA of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal' as 4/11 loci, 4/12 loci, and 4/11 loci, respectively. The results of the FISH analysis are useful as markers to distinguish cultivars, since the patterns of rDNA observed on the remaining chromosomes are significantly different except FISH patterns of chromosome #3.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

There is a need to breed and distribute of domestic varieties for Lilium longiflorum because most of the lily bulbs cultivated in Korea were imported from foreign country. The L. longiflorum 'Ace' and 'Nellie White' collected from 1996 had been self-crossed from 1996 to 2010. In 2012, the L. longiflorum 'Bright LoSong' was developed as a F₁ hybrid crossed between 'L₂-17-4' and 'L₂-16-6' that obtained by 7th self-fertilization. The 'Bright LoSong' was tested for homogeneity, regional adaptability test, consumer preference show from 2014 to 2015, and it was registered in 2017. The flower of 'Bright LoSong' is a trumpet shaped single flower with no spots.It has 5.8 flowers per plant, which is a relatively many number compared control 'Mount Carmel', Its flower diamater is 9.8cm, relatively a bit small size. And the flower inflorescence has umbel or raceme while the attitude of longitudinal axis is horizontal. The plant height is 38.4cm with 30.8 leaves per plant and 1.9cm of the leaf width. 'Bright LoSong' has a longer flowering period because of relatively small diameter or many number of flowers than those of the control 'Mount Carmel'. Thus, the 'Bright LoSong' showed a high consumer preference, and the cultivar has the advantage of being able to reproduce since the parents are pure lines.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.64-72
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• 2023

Biopolymer is a versatile material used in food processing, medicine, construction, and soil reinforcement. 𝛽-glucan is one of the biopolymers that improves the soil water content and ion adsorption in a drought or toxic metal contaminated land for plant survival. We analyzed drought stress damage reduction in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. cv. Sodammi) by measuring the growth and major protein expression and activity under 𝛽-glucan soil amendment. The result showed that sweet potato leaf length and width were not affected by drought stress for 14 days, but sweet potatoes grown in 𝛽-glucan-amended soil showed an effect in preventing wilting caused by drought in phenotypic changes. Under drought stress, sweet potato leaves did not show any changes in electrolyte leakage, but the relative water content was higher in sweet potatoes grown in 𝛽-glucan-amended soil than in normal soil. 𝛽-glucan soil amendment increased the expression of plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase, but it decreased the aquaporin PIP2 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) in sweet potatoes under drought stress. Moreover, water maintenance affected the PM H⁺-ATPase activity, which contributed to tolerance under drought stress. These results indicate that 𝛽-glucan soil amendment improves the soil water content during drought and affects the water supply in sweet potatoes. Consequently, 𝛽-glucan is a potential material for maintaining soil water contents, and analysis of the major PM proteins is one of the indicators for evaluating the biopolymer effect on plant survival under drought stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2022

Recently, PE (polyethylene) film has been used increasingly in com cultivation. However, PE films often cause soil and environment contamination. In order to reduce this problem, many researches have been carrying out studies on biodegradable films (BF) that are easily decomposed by soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine which BF is optimal for growth and yield of com crops while also having the highest rates of film decomposition. BFs Farmsbio (Farm Hannong), Heulgro Film (Sejin Bio), Vonto Film (Eco-Hansung) as well as a selected PE film were used in this study. For the control, we used crops grown without any kind of mulching. Experimental fields were fertilized according to conventional cultivation methods, tilled, and then covered by either BF or PE. After 1 week, com (cv. MIBECK2ho) at the 3-leaf stage (16 days after seeding) was transplanted. Plant height was measured at 18 and 32 days after transplanting and heading stages. Yield components and yield were also measured at harvest. In addition, pH, EC, and decomposition and light transmittance levels of films were investigated during the experimental period. Daily average temperature, relative humidity and organic matter in soils were also measured during the experimental period. There was no significant difference in plant height, heading date, and silking between crops with BFs and PE, but the crops grown with BFs and PE films reached higher growth parameters in a shorter amount of time than the crops in the non-mulching control. Additionally, there were no significant differences in yield components such as length of ears, ear width, ear weight, and yield in crops that were grown using films or crops in the control plot. Light transmittance and decomposition levels of films generally increased with time after transplanting, and was highest in the Heulgro film than other BFs. Soil pH and organic matter in crops using BFs and PE films were significantly higher than in the control plot at 99 and 113 days after transplanting. In general, the EC contents in the control plot was lower than in crops using BFs and PE films. The average daily moisture in soil was higher when BFs and PE films were used than in the control plot. However, the daily average soil temperature was higher in crops using BFs and PE films than in the control plots at the beginning of the experimental period, but there was no consistent difference in soil temperature towards the later part of the experimental period. Therefore, the BFs used in this study were shown to be helpful without causing negative impacts on the growth and yield of com.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2020

Though there is an on-going need for the diversity of ornamental plants for in-door environment, their growth and stress adaptability in comparatively low light intensity condition require further studies for implementation. Here investigates the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam, Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H.Bailey and Acorus gramineus Aiton under several light intensities which were based on common in-door environment. The growth measurement of the plants included the quantity, length, width and SPAD value of the leaves. Calculated values of Fm/Fo, Fv/Fm, Pi_Abs, ETo/RC and DIo/RC were used as the parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence under 10, 50, 100 and 200 PPFD (μmol·m^-2·s^-1) light intensities. In-door plants group was put in a closed room allowing no other light sources for 10 weeks and the control group was put in glass-greenhouse for the same period. The overall in-door growth of L. muscari was not significantly different in all light intensities compared to the control group and even showed the higher SPAD values. Also, an increasing tendency of Pi_Abs value under 10 to 100 PPFD was observed implying that L.muscari could adapt well to in-door environment. Measurement of A. gramineus growth mostly showed the highest values in the control group especially in the number of the leaves. Nevertheless, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed no significant value difference between in-door and the control groups and thus, A. gramineus might have possibility of successful adaptation to in-door environment. F. japonicum showed deficient growth in plant height and leaf length compared to the control but, it seemed to be able to sustain ornamental value under in-door light intensities. Furthermore, Pi_Abs and DIo/RC values were increased under in-door light conditions suggesting potential adaptability of F. japonicum.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify the optimal street tree planting method to improve the summer thermal environment in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The effects of road direction and street tree planting patterns on urban thermal environments using ENVI-met simulations were analyzed. The 68 scenarios were analyzed based on four road directions and 17 planting patterns. The results showed that tree planting had a reducing air temperature, mean radiant temperature, human thermal sensation (PET and UTCI). The most effective planting pattern among all scenarios was low tree height (6m), wide crown width (9m), high leaf area index (3.0), and narrow planting interval (8m). The largest improvement in the thermal environment was the northern sidewalk of the east-west road. Since this study used computer simulations, the difference from real urban spaces should be considered, and further research is needed through field measurement and consideration of more variables.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of plowing frequency and sowing dates on the agronomic characteristics, feed value, weed yield and palatability of silage corn. Treatments were a basal treatment(C: May 5 seeding, plowing once, weeding control once), T1(May 12 seeding, plowing twice, weeding control 0 time), T2(May 19 seeding, plowing three times, weeding control 0 time, T3(May 26 seeding, plowing four times, weeding control 0 time) and T4(June 2 seeding, plowing five times, weeding control 0 time). The experiment was performed at the College of Life and Natural Sciences of Sangju University in Sangju in 2006. The plant height and ear height showed highly in order to C > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 treatment, leaf length was the highest at T2 (96.0cm). Leaf width and number of dead leaf were the highest at C and T3 (11.2cm), C, C and T1 (4.6), respectively. Stem diameter was the highest at T3 as 31mm, while T2 was the lowest as 25mm (p<0.05). Ear circle showed highly in order of C > T1 > T4 > T3 > T4 (p<0.05), and tip filling degree was the highest at C treatment as 8.8, while T4 treatment was the lowest as 6.0 (p<0.05). The stem hardness and grain hardness were C < T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 (p<0.05). Stem saccharinity was T1(6.1%) was the highest, while T2(3.0%) was the lowest(P<0.05). Fresh yield of weed was the lowest at C treatment as 500 kg/ha, but T1 treatment was the highest as 44,100 kg/ha (p<0.05). Weed coverage rate showed highly in order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > C treatment (p<0.05). Fresh yield of corn was the highest at C treatment as T3,550 kg/ha, but T4 treatment was the lowest as 65,500 kg/ha (p<0.05). Dry matter yield of corn showed highly in order of C(26,978 kg/ha) > T1(26,130 kg/ha) > T2(20,255 kg/ha) > T3(20,255 kg/ha) > T4(17,508 kg/ha) treatment (p<0.05). Crude protein content was T1(7.69%) > T4(7.42%) > T2(6.34%) > T3(5.99%) > C(5.91%) treatment (p<0.05), and Crude fat content showed highly in order of C (2.13%) > T1(2.04%) > T2(1.96%) > T3(1.95%) > T4(1.84%) treatment. Relative palatability of Holstein, Korean native goat and spotted deer was the highest at C treatment, but Korean native cattle was the highest at T1 treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate which hydroponic system is the optimum for growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Angelica gigas during experiment. Angelica gigas 'Manchu' were sowed and managed under a growth room chamber. The environmental conditions (temperature $22^{\circ}C/18^{\circ}C$ (day/night), relative humidity 50-70%, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) $120{\pm}6{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) were maintained for 3 weeks. Forty eight seedlings with 4-5 leaves were transplanted in deep flow technique (DFT), substrate, and spray culture systems [culture bed: 800 (L) ${\times}$ 800 (W) ${\times}$ 400 mm(H)] under $150{\pm}5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ PPFD provided with fluorescence lamps and cultivated for 11 weeks. At the end of the experiment, fresh and dry weights, leaf lenghth and width, SPAD, root fresh, and dry weights, and root volume of Anglica gigas were measured. Photosynthetic rate of Anglica gigas were measured with portable photosynthesis systems to investigate optimum PPFD, $CO_2$ concentration, and air temperature conditions. Fresh and dry weights of Anglica gigas grown in substrate were significantly greater than DFT-treated, but there were not significant with spray treatment. Leaf photosynthesis of Anglica gigas showed the tendency to sharply increase as PPFD was increased from 50 to $200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Though $CO_2$ saturation point was around $1000-1200{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$, increase in air temperature from 16 to $26^{\circ}C$ did not quite affect photosynthesis of Anglica gigas. In conclusion, Anglica gigas may be optimally cultivated with a spray culture system as air temperature, PPFD, and $CO_2$ concentration for environment are controlled at $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$, $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and around $1000{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$ for mass production.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2012

The morphological characteristics, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, stable isotope values and photosynthetic rates of Porphyra yezoensis were studied at the main purple lavers production areas on southwestern coast of Korea. The morphological characteristics of leaf length, leaf width and weight of Porphyra blades were between 11.6~16.3 (average 13.8) cm, 4.6~6.3 (average 5.4) cm, $1.1{\sim}2.6(average\;1.86)g\;DW\;m^{-2}$, respectively. Photosynthetic pigment of Chl a concentration of Porphyra blades was between $2.18{\sim}17.77(average\;9.65)mg\;DW\;Chl\;a\;m^{-2}$. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations of Porphyra blades was between $201{\sim}317(average\;240)mg\;DW\;g^{-1}$, $39.8{\sim}50.0(average\;43.5)mg\;DW\;g^{-1}$ and C/N ratio 5.0~6.7 (average 5.5). The range of average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of Porphyra blades was between - 25.6 to - 24.0 (average - 24.7)‰ for ${\delta}^{13}C$, and 1.3 to 4.1 (average 2.1)‰ for ${\delta}^{15}N$. Photosynthetic characteristics of seaweeds measured by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry was used as an indicator of photosynthetic activity. We use Diving-PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic rates of the seaweeds Porphyra yezoensis at each station. Maximum quantum yield of Porphyra blades was between 0.46~0.55 (average 0.52), the variance of the effective PS II maximum quantum yield of the station was broadly similar. Maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) of Porphyra blades was between $4.71{\sim}5.84(average\;5.33){\mu}mol\;electrons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, the changes of maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) of Porphyra yezoensis were similar to those of PS II maximum quantum yield. Photosynthetic efficiency (${\alpha}$) was between 0.027~0.045 (average 0.036). Minimum saturating irradiance ($E_k$) range was $139{\sim}180(average\;156){\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Minimum saturating irradiance ($E_k$) made a difference by station within the area on southwestern coast. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and photosynthetic rates of Porphyra blades production areas on southwestern coast were broadly similar. The photosynthetic characteristics showed low photosynthetic rates because the low maximum quantum yields and low maximum relative electron transport rate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study on forage utility of Diplachne fusca L. which live in reclaimed saline land of midwest region of Korea The secondary experiment was conducted to know on growth characteristics, forage yield and forage value of Diplachne fusca L. in order to get a necessary data on possible utilization of native plant as a forage crop and practical use of reclaimed saline land. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The growth of Diplachne fusca L. was neary finished at heading stage. So plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, tillering number, fresh weight and dry weight per plant were 137.5cm, 42.6cm, 4.65mm, 2.48mm, 15.3 tiller, 44.68 and 15.3g respectively. 2. Fresh weight was the highest with 4,460kg/10a at heading stage, dry weight was 1,530kg/10a at heading stage and 1,630kg/10a at 20 day after heading. The fresh weight was significantly difference between cutting height level according to cutting time, but total fresh weight was not significantly difference between cutting height level. Total dry weight was significantly difference between cutting height, so it was a large yield at cutting height of 10cm. 3. The contents of crude protein, available protein, digestible protein and TDN were the range of 12.3~3.7%, 12.3~3.7% 10.8~3.6% and 65.2~60.7% according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of crude protein, available protein, and digestible protein were showed at heading stage, that of TDN showed at 20 day after heading. The contents of ADF and NDF were the range of 36.4~50.0% and 62.7-80.5% according to growth stage. 4. The contents of P, Ca, K and Mg were the range of 0.31~0.20, 0.70~0.52, 1.74~1.28 and 0.19~0.18% according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of P, Ca and K was showed at heading stage, that of Mg showed at 20 day after heading. 5. The contents of ENE, NEL, NEM and NEG were the range of 1.42~1.29, 0.68~0.62, 0.68~0.61 and 0.40~0.35 McaVlb according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of ENE, NEL, NEM and NEG was showed at 20 day after heading by inuease after heading. 6. The grasseating ratio of Diplachne fusca L. of before and after heading by milk cattle was 96.5% and 95.3%, respectively.