• 한국연초학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1988

This study was conducted to relate among growth characteristics, quality, and chemical components for flue-cored tobacco. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Starch content in harvested green leaf was correlated negatively with leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf weight of harvested green leaf, respectively, while positively with total sugar content in cured leaf, and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width of harvested green leaf. 2. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively, and total nitrogen in the soil negatively with total sugar content in cured leaf. 3, Amount of fertilizer, application date of MH, priod of harvesting, and yield were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively , while negatively with total sugar content. Application amount of MH was correlated positively with total sugar content, but negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. Also amount of compost was correlated negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. 4. The ratio of total sugar to nicotine (TS/N) per plant was correlated positively with price (Won/kg) and specific leaf area, but negatively with leaf length. leaf width, leaf area, harvested leaves, and leaf weight in cured leaves, respectively. Yield was correlated negatively with TS/N per plant. 5. TS/N of the best quality tobacco per plant was 12.0. Those of the best quality tobacco in each stalk position were 42.1 for first~third leaf, 28.4 for 4th~6th leaf , 23.7 for 7th~9th leaf, 7.7 for l0th~12th leaf , and 7.8 for over 13th leaf from bottom, respectively. 6, When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of growth characteristics per plant were 100.5 $\pm$ 10.3g for leaf dry weight, 755.1$\pm$53.2cm for leaf length, 294.4$\pm$25.1cm for leaf width, 8, 892$\pm$111cm2 for leaf area, 16.0$\pm$0.6 leaves for harvested leaves, and 7.32$\pm$0.44mg/cm2 for specific leaf area, respectively. 7. When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of chemical components per plant were 1.92$\pm$0.28% for nicotine content, and 20.4$\pm$ 1.4 % for total sugar content, and that of yield was 238.3$\pm$ 9.8kg/10a.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

Root and shoot development of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different genetic backgrounds was studied with reference to their relative growth. Tongil type (indica-japonica hybrid) cultivar 'Kuemkangbyeo' and japonica cultivar 'Koshihikari' were grown in $5000^{-1}$ a Wagnar pots under flooded condition. Three plants with roots of both cultivars were taken in every phyllochron through the heading stage to record morphological characteristics of shoot and root system. Compared to Koshihikari, Kuemkangbyeo produced more tillers and had greater shoot weight and leaf area per hill. Length and weight of the root system in both cultivars increased exponentially with time. At the same time, root system development was significantly faster in Kuemkangbyeo than in Koshihikari after the panicle initiation stage. As a result, Kuemkangbyeo has a vigorous root system which consists of larger number of nodal roots compared to Koshihikari. Also, the root length and weight per unit leaf area of Kuemkangbyeo were larger than those of Koshihikari in the later half of growing period, which suggests possible higher physiological activity of the root system of Kuemkangbyeo which is known as a high-yielding cultivar. The relationship between root traits (crown root number, total root length, and root dry weight) and shoot traits (leaf area and leaf+culm dry weight) in both cultivars closely showed allometry until the flag leaf stage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2004

Typhoon "MAEMI", happened in September 2003, hit the great damage to Gyeongnam province area. Especially, rice plant was lodged or severe leaf damage was caused. This study was conducted to find out the extents of leaf damage among different rice cultivars, and to evaluate rice yield and eating quality due to leaf damage after typhoon. Rice cultivars torn off over half of the flag leaf length (FLL) were one medium-late maturing cultivar (Donginl), medium maturing cultivar (Yeonganbyeo), eight early maturing cultivars (Samcheonbyeo, Jounghwnbyeo, Munjangbyeo, Taebongbyeo, Odaebyeo, Samhaegbyeo, Sobaegbyeo, Sinunbongbyeo), two long-il type cultivars (Samgangbyeo, Namcheonbyeo), and three special use cultivars (Heukseonchalbyeo, Jinbuchalbyeo, Yangjobyeo). Cultivars torn off below 1/10 FLL were eight medium-late maturing cultivars (Chucheongbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Saechu cheongbyeo, Donganbyeo, Daeyabyeo, Hwamyeongbyeo, 방eongsanbyeo, Dongjinbyeo) and two medium maturing cultivays (Donghaebyeo, Gumobyeo2). The rest cultivars were tore off by 1/10∼1/2 ELL. In yield components, the longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was ripened grain ratio, grain weight and brown/rough rice ratio, which was severly impacted to late than to ordinary season cultivation. However, rice yield did not decrease up to tearing by 1/10 ELL. Head rice ratio decreased from flag leaf tearing over 1/10 ELL in late season cultivation. The longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was eating quality, which could not show significantly different.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) extracted from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax ginseng CA. Meyer). This study measured the intake levels and efficiency ratio, growth rate, absorption ratio of carbohydrate, lipid and protein of rat by feeding with LSE during 6 weeks. We analyse the hematological and serum metabolic variables, serum lipid concentrations. Total diet and protein intake levels were low, but efficiency ratios were significantly high in LSE administered groups than the control group. Weight gain, liver and kidney weight of LSE groups were significantly higher than the control group. Blood RBC, Hct, Hb, total protein and albumin concentrations were reasonable levels in LSE administered groups compared to the basal diet group. Also serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents of LSE groups were low, but HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the basal diet group. These results imply that leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources, functional food material and feed stuff.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2004

The reduced ratio of red:far-red (R:FR) light acts as a measure of the proximity of competitors and plants can detect the potentially competing neighbor plants by perceiving reflected R:FR signals and initiate the response of “shade avoidance” before actual shading occurs. The phytochrome system is responsible for monitoring the changes in the R:FR and initiating the shade avoidance response. The response to low R:FR ratio was studied in a white aspen Populus alba clone ‘Bolleana’ using two filter systems: a clear plastic filter system that allows a R:FR ratio less than 1.0 to pass from adjacent border plant reflection; and a special commercial plastic that blocks FR light and creates a R:FR ratio above 3.0. The reduced R:FR signals enhanced the stem elongation in response to competition at the expense of relative stem diameter growth. Trees grown inside clear chambers were 27 ％ taller than trees grown inside the FR-blocking filter chambers. Stem taper of clear chamber trees was 16％ less than the FR-blocking filter trees. Low R:FR also induced 22％ more stem dry weight and 13％ greater petiole length per leaf compared to the FR-blocking filter trees. There were no statistically significant differences in leaf area, leaf number increment, and total dry weight between the two light filter treatments.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1984

This study was carried out to find out the variations in Burley 21 variety of Surely tobacco. Jeonjul and nine other selected lines of Burley 21 were evaluated. Plant height and several other characteristics were significantly different among tested lines. Especially, Jangsu-1, the earliest flowered line, flowered 5 to 7 days earlier than other lines and had the smallest length width ratio of the largest leaf. Narrow-leaved type, whose length/width ratio of the largest leaf was above 2, 16, was significantly different in number of leaves and weight per unit leaf area from broad-leaved type whose length/width ratio of the largest leaf being below 1.97. Among tested lines, Jeonju (2) - 2 was the best in major agronomic characteristics, yield and physical properties.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 1998

Characteristics of seed and plant growth of the nine local collections of the medicinal plant, Agastache rugosa were evaluated. Seed size of the collection from Garyungsan was larger than the others. Seeds of Damyang collection were the smallest in size. Seeds of the collections were mostly oval shaped. There were no differences between brown and black seed coat color groups in seed width, ratio of seed length to seed width and 1,000 seed weight. Stem lengths of Garyungsan and Bongpyung collections were 99.9 and 95.6 cm, respectively, and were longer than Damyang and Jindo collections. Garyungsan collection had long leaf shape. Leaf size was the smallest for Damyang collection, but was the largest for Bongpyung collection. Inflorescence length of Mokpo collection (15.6 cm) was longer than the average over all collections (12.3 cm). Damyang collection was the shortest (10.1 cm) in inflorescence. Top dry weight of each collection from Soonchun, Bongpyung, Mokpo, Jindo, and Gurye was greater than the average over all collections (20.38 g/plant). Jinju and Damyang collections had less top dry matter than others. There was no difference in the growth traits examined between brown and black seed coat groups. The brown seed group was greater in leaf weight than the black seed group. However, these two groups were not different in stem and inflorescence weight. Collections of A. rugosa from Bongpyung, Soonchun, and Mokpo were promising for commercial cultivation because of their great top dry weight, especially in leaf and inflorescence.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1998

Arisaema robustum, which has the ability to change sex, was studied in a temperate broadleaf forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Kyonggi Province, Korea. \ulcornerThe study, carried out from 1993 to 1997, focused on population dynamics energy budget among organs, size distribution, mortality, the relationships between sex and size, seed production and germination rate. In terms of energy budget among the organs, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass was 36.6 : 63.4 in non-female plants, and 81.4 : 18.6 in female plants. Also, in female plants, the ration of leaf to sexual organ biomass was 39.5 : 41.9. Therefore, the belowground ratio of female plants was lower than that of non-female plants. Plants were classified into 8 levels relative to the amount of leaf area by $100cm^2$. The rates of the smallest and the largest classes were 49% and 1%, respectively, and population distribution by size was relatively stable. The mortality averaged 13.1% per year and decreased in inverse proportion to leaf size (6.6% in the smallest and 0.0% in the largest size classes). Leaf areas were $64.1{\pm}48.5cm^2$ in non-flowering plants, $232.1{\pm}123.9cm^2$ in males and $444.8{\pm}153.9cm^2$ in females. The increase rates of leaf area per year varied from 1.9% in plants changing from female tomale, to 152.4% in plants changing from non-flowering to female. But plants which remained female for 2 years showed a decrease of 34.7%. >From this result, it is thought that the female plants invest more energy to reproduction than to vegetative organs. The correlation coefficient (CC) value between plant size and the number of seeds produced (0.55) was larger than the CC value between plant size and total seed weight (0.73). That is, the larger the plant size, the heavier the seed produced. The germination rate increased along with seed weight, and it was 95% in plants which were over 60mg fresh weight/seed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out to predict the growth period and fresh weight of sprouts grown in a cultivator designed to grow sprouts under optimal conditions. Methods: The temperature, light intensity, and amount of irrigation were controlled, and images of seed sprouts were acquired to predict the days of growth and weight from pixel counts of leaf area. Broccoli, clover, and radish sprouts were selected, and each sprout was cultivated in a 90-mm-diameter Petri dish under the same cultivating conditions. An image of each sprout was taken every 24 hours from the 4th day, and the whole cultivating period was 6 days, including 3 days in the dark. Images were processed by histogram inspection, binary images, image erosion, image dilation, and the overlay image process. The RGB range and ratio of leaves were adjusted to calculate the pixel counts for leaf area. Results: The correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and the growth period of sprouts were 0.91, 0.98, and 0.97 for broccoli, clover, and radish, respectively. Further, the correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and fresh weight were 0.90 for broccoli, 0.87 for clover, and 0.95 for radish. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we suggest that the simple image acquisition system and processing algorithm can feasibly estimate the growth period and fresh weight of seed sprouts.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sponge cake added with pine leaf powder. The pine leaf powder sponge cake was prepared with different ration of pine leaf powder(0, 10, 20, 30, 40%). The specific gravity, baking loss rate and cake weight increased significantly with increasing the levels of pine leaf powder. In terms of color, lightness and yellowness increased with increasing levels of pine leaf powder. The sponge cake added with ratio of 40% pine leaf powder appeared to be the highest. In terms of textual property evaluation, sponge cake were increased by the level of pine leaf powder. The substance's level of springiness, and cohesiveness decreased by increasing of the level of pine leaf powder. In sensory evaluation, 10% pine leaf e sponge cake was better on taste, overall acceptability, and flavor. The results showed that sponge cake quality with 10% pine leaf powder was considered the best.