• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1990

Effect of liming material application on the prevention or cure of Mn toxicity symptoms including marginal leaf chlorosis in 3-year-old ginseng plants grown in acidic soils were investigated. It was found that the ratio of Fe to Mn was above about 0.5 and the ratio of Mn to Fe was below about 2.00 in 4-year old ginseng leaves when liming materials were applied in field experiments. It was apparent that the occurrence of marginal leaf chlorosis was decreasing affected by application of Ca, Mg and Fe. The appearance of marginal leaf chlorosis was decreased to about 78 percent in 4-year-old ginseng and to about 69 percent in 5-year-old ginseng, and then the fresh root weight was increased up to 66 percent in 4-year ginseng plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the correlations among degree of carbonization, chemical components and chromatic characteristics, and to establish the criterion of carbonizaion in leaf tobacco during aging storage. The flue-cured (B2O) and burley (B2T) leaf tobaccos were redried with conventional practices for each other type, and moisture contents of leaf tobaccos were adjusted to 13, 15, 17 and 19% after redrying. The leaf tobaccos were packed in carton box and stored for 8 months in the controlled-environment rooms($35^{\circ}C$, 65% R.H. and $40^{\circ}C$, 80% R.H.). Degree of carbonization, chemical components, and chromatic characteristics(L ; black-white, a ; red to green, b ; yellow to blue) were invetigated every month. Carbonization Index (C.I.) was established as (equation omitted) in accordance with degree of carbonization in two types. The C.I. value of flue-cured leaf(56.5) for slight carbonization was higher than that of burley leaf(48.0). C.I. and rate of usable leaf, L and b were positively correlated in two types. C.I. was significantly shown positive correlation with pH in two types. The correlations between the predicted and the observed values of slight carbonizating times(month after storage) using C.I. and pH were positive significant in two types. The results suggest that cabonization index may be useful to forecast and prevent the carbonization, and pH may be useful to estimate cabonization indirectly for flue-cured and burley leaves during aging storage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1986

Under the different conditions of planting density and nitrogen level with aromatic tobacco, some agronomic characters of tobacco like plant height, leaf size, LAI, yield and price were investigated in view of aroma volatile acid contents, the main compounds contributing to the aroma of oriental leaf tobacco. The closer a spacing interval became, the smaller the growth of plant and the leaf size with increment of yields, until about 22,000 plants per 10 are. But the leaf size became smaller without increment of yield when the planting density became more than 22,000 plants per 10 are. There were definite trends toward increase in leaf size, LAI and yield with increase in nitrogen rate. Correlation coefficient between aroma volatile and plant height, largest leaf length, one leaf area was -0.49, -0.49 and -0.47, respectively, showing significance at 1 % level. But LAI (r=-0.14) and dry weight of unit leaf area(r=0.25) was not observed to be significantly associated with aroma volatile, respectively. The results suggest that closer spacing is desirable for smaller leaves, higher contents of aroma volatile and for increased yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.140-152
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 1984

In the tobacco industry, it is important to study the change of mechanical property occurring the expansion process. The purpose of this study is to attain basic data for development of a tobacco expansion method. 1 . Freon gas was adsorbed to tobacco under various conditions of temperature, relative humidity and pressure, and then the amount of freon gas adsorbed was analyzed by GC. Freon adsorption rate of Burley 21 was more than that of By104 at the same condition and about 17 $\pm$ 1% moisture content produced better adsorption rate. 2. Freon adsorbed sample were heated to about $150^{circ}C\;to\;230^{\circ}C$ in a drying oven and recycle duct form about 2 to 30 seconds, and then the change of mechanical property were measured. Heated leaf was damaged when the tissue was pressed by the force of above $0.5x10^8dyn/cm^2$. The optimum condition of no damage of the sample was below the temperature of 15$0^{\circ}C$ and heating time of 10 seconds. It was more economically advantages to treated sample in a recycle duct than to be in a drying oven. By this process, the specific volume of the heated sample was increased from 80 to 110 percent in comparison to that of untreated sample.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

The most commonly grown economical and flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yellow Special A was used in pot-culture tests in order to study Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosponic acid) effects on accelerating maturity of tobacco leaves in relation to the most adequate level of the chemical useful for field growing, nitrogen level in soil for the most pronounced response, and the most suitable spray period during the growth stages of pre-, post- and topping periods. The following conclusions, thus, were obtained from the present studies; 1. 500ppm Ethrel spray was reconfirmed to be adequate in the practical applications, although the extent of yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was increased as the Ethrel level increased. The highest leevel treated resulted in causing chemically damaged lesions on leaves and early defoliation. 2. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper yellowish tinge to them than those without treatment, while different levels of the chemcial had less influence on the tinge. 3. An adequate level of nitrogen supply to plants favored the Ethrel response, whereas either very low or high level of nitrogen in the soil lowered the chemical effect on accelerating the yellow-ripening. When carbohydrates versus total nitrogen ratio became relatively high, the condition brought out some outstanding Ethrel effects. 4. Chlorophyll level of leaves increased as soil applications of nitrogen level increased, and that also increased carotenoid level of the tobacco leaves. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper orange tinge than those without treatment, while the highest level of nitrogen application showed the deepest orange tinge to tobacco leaves. 5. Pre-topping treatment (12 days before topping and flowering) resulted in almost no Ethrel response, and that treatment right on the day of topping, showed response of yellow-leaf ripening at nearly bottom-half leaves of a tobacco plant. The post-topping treatment (12 days after topping) made plants showing full response of Ethrel from bottom to the top leaves of tobacco plant in accelerating the leaf maturity. 6. The extent of Ethrel responses on accelerating yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was discussed for the modifying influences brought about by certain environmental factors. Discussions were also made about the possible practical applications (particularly for pre-rice planting) and quality difference that may be caused by such growth environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 1983

In order to obtain the basic information for the most successful breeding of Burley tobacco, these studies were performed on the correlations among agronomic characters and on the heterosis and combining ability in $F_1$ generation. Heterosis ratio was highly variable in different $F_1$ combinations. Positive heterosis was observed in all characters except days to flowering and yield showed the highest heterosis ratio. As the results of analysis of dialled table, the general combining ability (GCA) in all characters was shown to be significant . All characters except the number of leaves in the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, Variety, L8, contributed negative GCA for all characters. Burley 21, ky 10 and ky 14 contributed negative GCA for leaf width, quality and yield, respectively. Hybrid of ky 10 x ky 14 showed negative SCA and hybrids of ky I0x L8 and ky 14 x L8 showed positive SCA for all characters. There were significant correlations between yield and number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width or leaf area. Correlation between yield and days to flowering was non- significant .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1983

Varietal difference of crop stand, growth of each organs and the factors of dry matter Production at different growth stage of three local tobacco varieties (Hyangcho, Youngwolyub and Yonginyub) were investigated in 1979 and 1980. Varietal variation of total standing crops was clear from 45th day after transplanting to end maximum value of photosyntheticinon-photosynthetic organs was Hyangcho: 1.9, Youngwolyub; 1.6, Yonginyub; 2.3. Maximum value of L/S and T/R ratio was clear from 35th day after transplanting to 45th day. RGR, NAR and CGR were in decreasing order of Yonginyub) Youngwolyub)Hyangcho through out growth stage, LAR and SLA were in decreasing from early growth stage to last growth stage, LAI was obtained to maximum value in the large growth state and LAI was increasing order of during the total growth period that it was Hyangcho is 7.6. Youngwolyub is 9.1 and Yonginyub is 8.7, SLA was Hyangcho;$2.088\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf, Youngwclyub;$2.173\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf and Yonginyub;$2.020\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1994

Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivars were subsequently carried out in relation to different plant density. Results are summarized as below. The higher was the plant density, the greater was the plant height and mean leaf inclination(MLI). As the plant density increased, the horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in proximal to the stem in NTN 77 and Br.49 but evenly in distal part in Br.21. Meanwhile, in terms of vertical leaf area distribution, it was decreased much more in middle and lower leaves than in upper in NTN 77 and Br.49 although it steadily decreased in any part of the plant in Br.21. Br.49 was the largest but Br.21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars(NTN 77>Br.49>Br.21). These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were planted more densely in the field. Dry leaf weight and dry matter weight per plant were heavier in the larger MLI and increased with lower plant density. Total nitrogen content was greater in lower plant density and larger MLI cultivar. The plant density increases filling power seems to be enhanced regardless to the plant type. There was no discernible tendency on combustibility according to the plant density or plant type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of distance of planting holes (51, 45, and 40 cm) and number of plants per a hole(4, 5, 6 plants) on agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang. The results are as follows: 1. Relative light intensity increased by widening the distance of holes. 2. Leaf area per a plant or per a leaf, and leaf length and width increased by widening the distance of holes and decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. But L. A. 1. increased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. Leaf shape index (Leaf length/Leaf width) showed little differences among treatments. 3. Dry weight of leaf, root, and stem per a plant decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. 4. Total nitrogen decreased by increasing number of plants per a hole and in the case of narrow distance of holes, but nicotine, reducing sugar, ether-extract and ash showed little differences. 5. Yield per 10a decreased by widening the distance of holes. 6. Quality(price per kg) was improved by increasing the number of plants per a hole at the Plot of 51m distance of holes. But there was no variation at the Plot of 45cm. And quality was decreased at the plot of 40cm distance of holes by increasing the number of Plants per a hole. 7. Price per 10a was highest in the plot of which plant spacing was $90\times$40cm and the number of plants per a hole was 4 (11112 plant/10a).