• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The morphology of the leaves and the flowers of angiosperms exhibit remarkable diversity. One of the factors showing the greatest variability of leaf organs is the leaf index, namely, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width. In some cases, different varieties of a single species or closely related species can be distinguished by differences in leaf index. To some extent, the leaf index reflects the morphological adaptation of leaves to a particular environment. In addition, the growth of leaf organs is dependent on the extent of the expansion of leaf cells and on cell proliferation in the cellular level. The rates of the division and enlargement of leaf cells at each stage contribute to the final shape of the leaf, and play important roles throughout leaf development. Thus, the control of leaf shape is related to the control of the shape of cells and the size of cells within the leaf. The shape of flower also reflects the shape of leaf, since floral organs are thought to be a derivative of leaf organs. No good tools have been available for studies of the mechanisms that underlie such biodiversity. However, we have recently obtained some information about molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis as a result of studies of leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a homolog of animal CtBP genes, controls leaf width. AN appears to regulate the polar elongation of leaf cells via control of the arrangement of cortical microtubules. By contrast, the ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene controls leaf length via the biosynthesis of steroid(s). We provide here an overview of the biodiversity exhibited by the leaf index of angiosperms. Taken together, we can discuss on the possibility of the control of the shapes and size of plant organs by transgenic approaches with the results from basic researches. For example, transgenic plants that overexpressed a wild-type ROT3 gene had longer leaves than parent plants, without any changes in leaf width. Thus, The genes for leaf growth and development, such as ROT3 gene, should be useful tools for the biodesign of plant organs.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1988

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cultivation systems of forage, corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture and corn-cowpea (Vigna sinesis King) inter-cropping were compared and obtained follow results. 1. The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf length, leaf width and length of internode with harvesting time. 2. The weight of stalk and leaves of a plant were decreased with maturity, while weight of ear was markedly increased. The patterns of relative ratio of each components was essentially same in each cultivation system. In corn monocrop., the percentages of stalk, leaf and ear at final harvesting stage were 22.9, 13.7 and 63.4, respectively. 3. Dry matter yield per unit area (33kgIlOa) of intercropped corn at yellow stage was similar to that of monocropped corn ( l,482.8kg/ 10a vs 1 ,SO8.9kg/ 10a). At ripe stage, however, the DM yield of intercrop. was higher than that of monocrop. (1,810.4kg/lOa vs 1,660.4 kg/ 1 Oa). 4. The same pattern was observed in organic matter yield.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1990

Toxic effert of water extract from leaves of Pinus rigida and some phenolic compounds on the seeds germination of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino has been studied. There was little difference of germination percentage among the pH value of leaf extract (pH3~9). The germination percentage drastically with increased concentration level of leaf extract at about 60 percent. Seeds gemination of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino inhibited severely by caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid at M, but the germination percentage was higher than that of the control group in vanillic acid. In electrophoresis, there was no differences at earlier seedling stage of protein band between allelochemical treated and non-treated group, but in late stage, two protein band near 58kd and 27kd did not appeared in the toxic affected group. In case of caffeic acid treatment, two protein band near 58kd and 27kd did not found at late stage too.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 1988

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cropping systems, corn monoculture and 'wrnsoybean intercropping, were compared and the obtained results were as follows; 1.The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf length, leaf width and length of internode at harvesting time. 2.The weight of stalk and the leaves of a plant were decreased with maturity, while the weight of ear was markedly increased. The patterns of relative ratio of each components were essentialy same in each cultivation systems. In corn monoculture, the percentages of stalk, leaf, and ear at final harvesting stage were 22.9, 13.7, and 63.4 and in corn-soybean intercropping, they were 21.8, 10.9, and 67.3 respectively. 3.Dry matter yield per unit area (kg/lOa) of intercropped corn at yellow stage was similar to that of monocultured corn (1, 483 kg/ 10a vs 1, 509 kg/ 10a). At ripe stage, however, the dry matter yield of intercropped plant was more than that of monocultured (1, 679 vs 1, 660 kg/ 10a). 4.The same pattern was observed in organic matter yield.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1984

참깨의 주요병해인 역병에 대한 품종선발시험과 엽고병에 대한 발병조건을 구명하기 위하여 포장과 온실을 이용하여 시험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 중요 사항이 관찰되었다. 1. 역병에 대한 저항성품종은 Orotall. Suweon 7, Suweon 27 및 조치원이 저항성 품종으로 나타났고 PI 280795, IS 103도 다소 강한 품종으로 보였다. 2. 참깨 엽고병예 대한 발병률은 고온인 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 광의품종이 15%, 김포품종이 25%의 병반면적률을 보였고, 저온인 17$^{\circ}C$에서는 광의가 50%, 김포가 70%로 높은 이병성을 보였다. 3. 참깨 엽고병의 발병률은 다습조건에서 품종 광의가 55%, 김포가 80%의 병반면적률을 보였고. 건조조건에서는 광의와 김포품종이 각각 10%와 15%의 병반면적률을 보임으로서 다습조건에서 심한 발병현상을 보였다. 4. 엽령별 엽고병 발병정도를 보면 6엽기와 개화기에 각각 20%와 52.5%의 병반면적률을 보여 심한 발병현상을 보였고, 10엽기와 20엽기에는 이보다도 낮은 발병률을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2019

Leaf rust is the most widespread and destructive fungal disease, and outbreaks have always caused considerable losses in wheat yields. Thus, worldwide increases in wheat production depend on the development of leaf rust-resistant wheat varieties. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of forty Korean wheat cultivars to leaf rust at the seedling stage. Only two Korean wheats, Ol and Jonong, were resistant to leaf rust, whereas the remaining thirty-eight Korean wheats were susceptible to leaf rust. The Ol and Jonong varieties presented larger dry seed weights and higher antioxidant activity in response to leaf rust than the susceptible wheat varieties. No differences in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase activity or chlorophyll content between resistant and susceptible wheat varieties were observed. Overall, these results are important for the development of wheat varieties that are highly resistant to leaf rust and to understand the underlying mechanisms that confer leaf rust resistance.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic effects of leaves, stems, and roots in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Antibacterial activity of leaf extract by disk diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli respectively showed 13.3 and 13.75mm diameters of clear zone. There was no significant difference between the stems and leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration of leaves' heating and agitation extraction showed a restrain of strain at 1mg/ml, but the stems and root extract did not appear. Yacon is a functional antibacterial material, and methanol extraction is more effective than water. This research was to investigate the growth stage of collection has the most effective antibacterial effects. It has collected yacon's leaves from June to October, which is an appropriate time for collection right before reaping. Yacon leaf has antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Salmonella enteritifis. There were no significant differences by the growth stage of collection. Leaves collected in July are high in phenol which helps in sulfating activity works well considering the high scavenging capability of DPPH. Leaves collected in September are high in total flavonoid.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 1990

Ethylene was released from leaf and fruit but root of Panax ginseng. Root callus showed higher ethylene release (ER) than fruit ER increased with leaf senesence. Fruit during ripening showed decreasing ER in the order of green stage, early stage of reddening and fully ripened stage. between leaves from the plant with fruits in different stages of ripening showed similar trend of fruit in ER but it was about 10 times higher in leaves than in fruits. Leaves of P. quinquefolius showed about 200 times higher ER than that of P ginseng on 22 July Fruits from the plant treated with ethephon showed higher ER after 109 days. Forty-five day-old seedlings grown with various growth regulators showed a significant decrease of stem length and significant increase of ER only in Uniconazole (0.1 ppm) and H-9 (0.0, 5 ppm) solution.