• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1997

Characteristics of leaf morphology and vegetation were examined in 6 populations of rare endemic tree species, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Additionally we studied genetic variation employing isozyme marker. Nested anova showed that there were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in all 8 leaf morphological traits. In 7 of 8 traits, variance components among populations were larger than those among individuals within populations. Only a few tree species were found within each population and all the populations seemed to have been disturbed by man. Level of genetic diversity for this rare endemic species was very low, especially compared with those of geographically widespread tree species(A/L=1.1, P=9.5%, $H_o=0.021$, $H_e=0.035$) and degree of genetic differentiation was high($F_{ST}=0.114$). Factors contributing to the low level of genetic diversity and high level of genetic differentiation might include genetic drift, inbreeding and limited gene flow. Finally, implications for the conservation of genetic diversity of Koelreuteria paniculata were discussed.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2020

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.63-73
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• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.435-454
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• 2003

The morphology of plants and scanning electro-microscopical features of fruits were examined to evaluate the taxonomic entities of Korean Adonis L. in sensu lato (Ranunculaceae). The species of Korean Adonis were readily diagnosed by the branching pattern of stem, the number of flowers, the bifurcation of leaf main axis, the number of tepals, the flowering periods in relation to leaf sprouting, and the number of stomata and the texture of fruit surface. This study demonstrates that there are three species, A. amurensis, A. pseudoamurensis, and A. multiflora., found in Korea. However, A. ramosa, which has been often claimed to be distributed in Korea, is not present in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of potato crops. Harmonizing immunity to pathogens and crop yield is a balance between productive, economic, and environmental interests. In this work, the agronomic performance of two events of potato cultivar INIA Iporá expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana EFR gene (Iporá EFR 3 and Iporá EFR 12) previously selected for their high resistance to bacterial wilt was evaluated under pathogen-free conditions. During two cultivation cycles, the evaluated phenotypic characteristics were emergence, beginning of flowering, vigor, growth, leaf morphology, yield, number and size of tubers, analyzed under biosecurity standards. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated did not show differences, except in the morphology of the leaf with a more globose appearance and a shortening of the rachis in the transformation events with respect to untransformed Iporá. The Iporá EFR 3 genotype showed a ~40% yield decrease in reference to untransformed Iporá in the two trials, while Iporá EFR 12 did not differ statistically from untransformed Iporá. Iporá EFR 12 shows performance stability in the absence of the pathogen, compared to the untransformed control, positioning it as an interesting candidate for regions where the presence of the pathogen is endemic and bacterial wilt has a high economic impact.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2014

Objectives : Paemo is a phlegm-resolving drug with cold properties and classified 5 kinds which come from 11 species of original plant. All the more, according to literature record, 20 species of original plant were used. As a natural result, these are easily to confuse and there are a lot of counterfeit product. So we are to present a differential standard of Paemo. Methods : It was planed a differential standard form through outer appearance of the original plant and outer appearance in the form of each medicines which was collected local market or field for 11 species which is listed in Korea or China pharmacopeia. Results : It was possible to distinguish the orignal plant between Fritillaria and Bolbostemma through its stem shape. In Fritillaria of original plant, it was possible to distinguish through its width of leaf, number of leafy bracts, color and position of flower and shape of leaf apex. In outer appearance in the form of each medicines, there are difference in color and texture of medicine between Fritillaria and Bolbostemma and there are difference in size, shape, size of inner and outter fleshy leaf of bulb, pattern of surface and apex of fleshy leaf of bulb among 10 Fritillaria species. Conclusions : This study presents various differences in the outer appearance of the original plant and the outer appearance in the form of each medicines among Paemo. It will be helpful to further applied research.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Coriandrum Sativum L. on lipid metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, we compared the effects of the leaf, seed and root of Coriandrum Sativum L. on lipid metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia was induced in 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 108$\pm$13 g through the feeding of high-fat diets containing 20% fat and 5% cellulose for ten days. The rats were divided into four groups as follows : control (C), leaf (L), seed (S) and root (R) groups. For the five-week experimental period, the C group was fed the above diet an the L, S and R groups were fed Coriandrum Sativum L. diets containing 5% dry leaf, seed and root of Coriandrum Sativum L., respectively. Intake of diet and weight gain were significantly lower in the C group than in the L, S and R groups. But there was no significant difference among the L, S and R groups. Because of weight differences among the groups, all obtained data was adjusted to weight. The level of plasma total cholesterol was not significantly different among the four groups. But after adjusting to weight differences, the level of plasma triglyceride was significantly higher in the C groups than in the L and S groups. These results suggest that dietary Coriandrum Sativum L. may increase appetite and have an inhibitory effect on the lipid metabolism of rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, those effects may be partly different (leaf, root and seed) from those of Coriandrum Sativum L.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acid rain in spraying copper hydroxide 77% wettable power(WP) on leaf surface morphology and crop injury of the garlic(Allium sativum L.). Leaf chlorosis, hooked leaves, wrinkled epidermal cells and increased stomata open of garlic were induced by foliar application of simulated acid rain(SAR). It was become to be severe in application of copper hydroxide solution after application of SAR, but those yield of garlic was not significantly different from the untreated control. Leaf chlorosis was sharply increased above 100 ppm of copper ions. Amount of solved copper ions in copper hydroxide solution was remarkably increased below pH 5.5 and the residue in garlic leaves was significantly increased by application of copper hydroxide solution after spraying SAR compared with application of copper hydroxide solution only. When calcium carbonate was applied together with copper hydroxide leaf chlorosis was less than copper hydroxide only.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-187
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• 2006

Taxonomic studies were conducted to evaluate the interspecific relationships in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa using seven populations for morphology, palynology and anatomy. Molecular phylogenetic studies were also examined in 28 populations including 19 Korean, four Chinese, two Japanese, one American population and two outgroups using nrITS, and 27 populations except V pinnata for trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA. Morphological differences was observed among seven populations of three species in leaf shape, but characters such as serrate number of leaf margins, petal size, pistil shape were showed overlap between populations. Pollen shape of seven populations was monad and grain shape on the polar axis was semi-angular. Morphology of aperture was tri-colporate, and the surface sculpturing was scabrate in rugulate. The grain shape of equatorial view of five populations was prolate whereas V albida var. taknhashii type 1 and V albida var. chaerophylloides type 3 were subprolate. The anatomical characters of rnidvein of leaf, petiole, peduncle, root were also described for the species. The stomatal apparatus of the leaves was observed only in abaxial surface, and the number of stoma per unit ($mm^2$) were abundant in incised than lobate or cleft margin of the leaves. The nrITS analysis shows that V. pinnata and V. dissecta was monophyletic and occupied a basal position in the V. albida var. albida and its related taxa. The other clade including infraspecific populations of V. albida, and V. eizanensis was paraphyletic. The trnL-F noncoding region analysis was similar to the ITS tree. According to the above observations in morphology, palynology, anatomy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the significant differences were not found except for leaf shape in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa, therefore V. albida var. takanhashii and V. albida var. chaerophylloides were considered to be an infraspecific taxa of V. albida var. albida rather than an independent species, subvariety or variety of V. pinnata and V. dissecta.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.