• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of the seed, flesh (seedless fruit), and leaf of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindle.) on antioxidative activity and anti-proliferation in human cancer cells. Total polyphenol contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 17.77, 32.32, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. Also, total flavonoid contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 18.77, 28.73, and 21.35 mg/g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were 0.049, 0.063, and 0.042 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative indexes of loquat leaf and seed ethanol extracts was highly and it was similar to the BHA and BHT. The antioxidative activities in loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts were higher in loquat flesh. The antiproliferation effect of loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and lung cancer cell line (A549) showed higher values compared with the flesh ethanol extracts. These results indicate that loquat ethanol extracts may play a positive role in antioxidative properties and cancer prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia is important, as it is implicated in the development of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. An inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-amylase which acts in the first step of carbohydrate digestion, is expected to be a suppressor of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated the porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flower, leaf, stem and grain. Flower, leaf, stem and grain of buckwheat were extracted by water and ethanol (40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Flower and leaf extracts were more effective ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors than stem and grain extracts in all tested solutions. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts or powders on the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities. At concentrations of $0.5%{\sim}10%$ (w/w, starch basis), the flower extracts of 40%, 70% and 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90% and the results were similar to the values of acarbose. At the same concentrations, the leaf extracts of 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90%. These results suggest that buckwheat flower and leaf ethanol extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and lower postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of water extracts ($20^{\circ}C$ and $95^{\circ}C$) against different parts (leaf and petiole) from Wasabia japonica (wasabi). Water extracts were divided into six types of wasabi powders: leaf hot air dried (LD), petiole hot air dried (PD), whole (leaf+petiole) hot air dried (WD), leaf steamed and hot air dried (LSD), petiole steamed and hot air dried (PSD), and whole steamed and hot air dried (WSD). Turbidity was higher in wasabi $20^{\circ}C$ water extracts than in $95^{\circ}C$ hot water extracts. Browning degree was higher in wasabi leaf extracts than in petiole extracts. The pH of hot water extraction was lower than that of room temperature extraction. Wasabi extracts did not show much difference in Hunter's color values according to extraction temperature, expected that b value of yellowness was significantly higher in leaf extracts than in petiole extracts. Carbazole pectin contents of leaf extracts were significantly higher than in petiole extracts, however water soluble pectin was higher in petiole extracts. The total polyphenol contents of LD20 and LD95 were 1,561.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g and 1,163.02 mg GAE/100 g, respectively, and total polyphenols decreased during hot water extraction. Extracts from different parts of wasabi showed a significant difference in total flavonoid contents. Total flavonoid contents of LD20, LD95, PD20, and PD95 were 554.44 mg/100 g, 396.65 mg/100 g, 55.42 mg/100 g, and 47.68 mg/100 g, respectively. In the sensory evaluation, LD95 extract showed significantly higher values than other samples in terms of color, flavor, taste, mouth feeling, and overall acceptability. In the analysis of sourness, saltiness, umami, sweetness, and bitterness taste by an electronic tongue, the sourness values of LD20 and PSD95, saltiness values of WSD20 and WSD95, and umami values of PD20 and PD95 were significantly higher than other extracts. The results of this study suggest that wasabi leaf and petiole extracts enhance qualities and antioxidant activities when used different parts together.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1999

Methanol extracts of 9 kinds of native medicinal plants(Taraxacum platycarpum, leaf; Pinus densiflora, leaf; Artemisia prinseps, leaf; Allium tuberosum, leaf; Cassia obtussifolia, whole; Sophora angestifolia, root; Stemonae sessilifolia, root; Lonicera japonica stem, leaf, flower; and Clivia miniata) were investigated for insecticidal effect. Methanol extracts of Pinus densiflora leaves and Sophora angestifolia radix showed relatively good insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens larvae. Strong larvicidal activity against the Musca domestica larvae was produced from methanol extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum leaves and Allium tuberosom leaves. while Stemonae radix showed moderate activity. All materials tested revealed little or weak insecticidal activity against M. domestica adults.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

The antioxidant properties of mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf added to Kimchi were investigated by total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS anion scavenging, FRAP reducing power, and ORAC value. Total phenolic content of functional Kimchi (FK) was significantly higher than that of control Kimchi (CK). DPPH radical and ABTS anion scavenging activities of functional Kimchi were significantly higher than those of control Kimchi by 2.7 and 1.7 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Also, the FRAP reducing power and ORAC value of functional Kimchi increased compared to those of the control Kimchi by 1.6 and 1.1 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that functional Kimchi made by mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf may be a potent antioxidant source and could be developed as a antioxidant functional food that may be for the effective treatment of oxidant conditions. Through continuous research and development of functional Kimchi by the use of mushroom and sea tangle extracts, it will be necessary to try to identify other functions that could be useful for preventing various diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1338-1344
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• 2016

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of different concentrations of extracts of hot air-dried ramie leaf (HR) and freeze-dried ramie leaf (FR) in 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. To analyze the effect on cell proliferation, cells were treated with $25{\mu}g/mL$ or $100{\mu}g/mL$ HR or FR extract for 2 days. Cell differentiation was evaluated by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and intracellular triglyceride content. Treatment with either HR or FR extracts inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. HR extract treatment inhibited the differentiation of both cell types more effectively than FR treatment. The extent of triglyceride accumulation decreased significantly in both cells following either HR or FR treatment. Furthermore, LPL activity significantly decreased after treatment with HR or FR extract. These results indicated that HR and FR extracts may inhibit proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. Further studies are needed to explore the anti-obesity effect of HR and FR extracts.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.573-580
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• 2013

We investigated the physiological activities of extracts from Lindera obtusiloba Blume leaf and twig (LLW: water extract from Lindera obtusiloba Blume leaf, LLE: 50% ethanol extract from Lindera obtusiloba Blume leaf, LTW: water extract from Lindera obtusiloba Blume twig, LTE: 50% ethanol extract from Lindera obtusiloba Blume twig). Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of LTE were 445.38 mg/g and 302.09 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating ability (95.38%) of LTE was higher than that of the LLE (93.76%), LTW (88.09%), and LLW (82.06%). The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of extracts were improved with 50% ethanol condition, rather than hot water. Superoxide radical scavenging activity and FRAP activity of the extracts were improved with an increase of treatment concentration. All the extracts($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) stimulated a production of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In particular, the NO stimulating activity of LTE was superior to that of LLE, LTW, and LLW. The antitumor activity of LTE ($500{\mu}g/mL$) in A549, HeLa and SNU719 was 55.63%, 83.87% and 68.11%, respectively. The UVB-induced MMP-1 production in HS68 cells was suppressed by the treatment of LTE (88.28%), LLE (83.96%), LTW (80.59%) and LLW (76.08%).

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2014

Reactive oxygen species are known to mediate various pathological conditions associated with malaria. In this study, the antioxidant potential of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts, an indigenous antimalarial remedy, was evaluated. Total phenol, flavonoid, selenium, vitamins C and E contents of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts were determined. The free radical scavenging activities of the extracts against DPPH, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide coupled with their reducing power were also evaluated in vitro. Moreover, responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in a rodent malaria model to a 4-day administration of Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts were also evaluated. The methanolic extract was found to contain the highest amounts of antioxidant compounds/element and also demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity in vitro. The results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SOD and CAT activities with a concurrent significant (p < 0.05) increase in GPx and GR activities in both erythrocytes and liver of untreated Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected animals compared to the uninfected animals. The extracts were able to significantly increase (p < 0.05) SOD and CAT activities and significantly reduce (p < 0.05) GPx and GR activities in both the liver and erythrocytes compared to those observed in the untreated infected animals. The results suggest the augmentation of the antioxidant system as one of the possible mechanisms by which Clerodendrum violaceum extract ameliorates secondary effects of malaria infection, alongside its antiplasmodial effect in subjects.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to contain water-soluble substances that are biologically active. Aqueous or methanol extracts and residues from leaves of lettuce plants were assayed to determine their allelopathic effects, and the causative allelochemicals from fractions were quantified by means of HPLC analysis and bioassayed. Extracts from oven-dried leaf samples were more phytotoxic than those from freeze-dried samples. Leaf extracts of 40 g L$^{-1}$ were completely inhibitory on root growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), while root growths of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were less sensitive. Early seedling growth of both alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was significantly reduced by methanol leaf extracts. The major allelopathic substances analyzed by HPLC were coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. Of them p-coumaric acid was found as the greatest amount (8.9 mg 100 g$^{-1}$ ) in the EtOAc fraction; only coumarin was found in all the fractions. Hexane and EtOAc fractions of L. sativa reduced alfalfa root growth more than did BuOH and water fractions. These results suggest that lettuce had potent herbicidal activity, and that its activity differed depending on type and amount of causative compounds by fraction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 1998

This study was planned to investigate the effect of 40 plant ethanolic extracts on antioxidant activities in vitro. The total phenolics, $\beta$-carotene, $\alpha$-tocopherol and selenium contents were also determined . Antioxidant activities fo the ethanolic extracts(0.02%, w/w) in the soybean oil were measured both by determining the peroxide value (POV) during 35 days of storage at 4$0^{\circ}C$ in a forced draft air-incubator and by determining changes in conductivity at 11$0^{\circ}C$(Rancimat method.). Soybean oil without any additives was used as a control and that treated with 0.02% BHT was used as a positive control. Based on the POV determination, green tea extract was found to be the most effective in stabilizing soybean oil, then followed by long tea, which both of them showed higher antioxidant activities compared to the BHT treatment. The antioxidant activities of them showed higher antioxidant activities compared to the BHT treatment. the antioxidant activities of coffee, cinnamomi cortex, acanthopanacis cortex, black tea, orange peel , instant coffee, peony and crni fructus extracts were stronger compared to the control .By the Rancimat method, green tea leaf and oolong tea leaf, foxglove, acanthopanacis cortex and peony extracts. Compared to other extracts, green tea leaf, black tea leaf, foxglove, acanthopanacis cortex and peony extracts had stronger antioxidative effects in both the POV and Rancimat methods used in this study. ethanolic extracts which showed the stronger antioxidative effect also has the higher contents of total phenolics, $\beta$-carotene, and/or $\alpha$-tocopherol. The antioxidative effect of ethanolic extracts was found to be due to the combined effect of various antioxidants.