• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1974

Author has studied and reported on taxonomy of Korean sedges, using gross morphology, anatomy and epidermal patterns of the leaf blades(1969, 1971, 1973, 1974). This paper is the 6th report of epidermal patterns of leaf blade on sedges and includes 5 genera, Eriophorum, Fuirena, Kobresia, Rhynchospora and Scirpus. The author proposed to find epidermal patterns of leaf blades as an important taxonomic characteristic of sedges classification. The result of this study, the elements of leaf epidermis, subsidal cells, silica body, cell wall of long cell, prickles, and arrangement of the elements are considered to be significant characteristics for the identification and classification of sedge.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

The effects of light and darkness on stomatal aperture and guard cell apoplastic pH in the intact leaf and in the isolated epidermal strips of Commelina communis have been investigated. Stomata in the intact leaf opened wide in the light. In contrast, stomata in the isolated epidermal strips did not respond clearly to light. To eucidate the relationship between the stomatal aperture and the guard cell apoplastic pH, apoplastic pH was measured. In the light the guard cell wall of intact leaf was acidified by pH 1.9 units, falling from pH 7.3 to pH 5.4 in the first 10 minutes. On the contrary, apoplastic pH of isolated epidermal strips changed slowly from pH 7.3 to pH 6.9 at 20 min. Stomata in the intact leaf closed rapidly in the dark. On the other hand, stomata in the isolated epidermal strips failed to close in dark. There was a slow increase in apoplastic pH on transfer to the dark after incubation for 1.5 h in the light and the level observed before the experiment was regained after around 40 min. When the isolated epidermal strips were transferred to the dark, apoplastic pH maintained a uniform level of around pH 7.2-7.4. These results indicate that the mechanism of stomatal opening and closing from isolated epidermal strips and intact leaves could be different.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-409
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• 2003

Morphological and anatomical characters of selected 3 taxa of Rhynchospora were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of achene and leaf were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of bract, spikelet, scale, achene, stem, leaf and leaf sheath, and shape of inflorescence, spikelet, scale, apex of scale, perigynium and achene, and number of stigma and anatomical characters (transectional shape of the stem, and leaf: vascular bundles in stem and leaf epidermal patterns: shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification. Keys based on data were presented here.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.301-338
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Rhomboidales (four taxa) and Digitatae (seven taxa) of the subgen. Eucarex (genus Carex, Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated by SEM and LM. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak and base of perigynium, achene, hair present or absent in perigynium, number of involucre and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf(shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. According to the current study, examined 11 taxa of sections Rhomboidales and Digitatae were distinct from each other regarding by length of leaf, stem, pistillate scale and perigynium, shape and epidermal cell of perigynium beak. C. lanceolata and C. humilis have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. lanceolata and C. humilis were distinct, however with respect to from length of stem, leaf ligule present or absent, shape of cross-sectioned stem, epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf. And C. lanceolata could be distinguished from C. pediformis by shape of perigynium and achene, shape of cross-sectioned of stem, epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 1993

Ammonia and/or sulphur dioxide treated and untreated wheat leaf sheaths were compared for cell wall digestion by incubation with rumen liquor for 24 and 48 hours. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the relative rate and extent of cell wall digestion. Treated wheat straw leaf sheaths were distorted, with more distortion observed in ammonia and sulphur dioxide combined treatment than any other treatment. Rumen liquor digestion for 24 hours of untreated leaf sheath showed disrupted phloem, partially ruptured parenchyma and vascular tissues and further partially distorted inner bundle sheaths and vascular bundle after 48 hours incubation. Sulphurated leaf sheaths showed extensive degraded parenchyma and sclerenchyma material in 24 hours incubation, however, all tissues were irregulary shaped in 48 hours incubation. In ammoniation, epidermal cell walls and small vascular bundles began to disintegrate by 24 hours incubation, extensively changed structure and degraded epidermal tissue by 48 hours incubation. Combination treatment of leaf sheaths degraded all cell walls of parenchyma, phloem and vascular bundle by 24 hours incubation, however, structures only of inner bundles sheath with extended land, sclerenchyma and cutinized epidermal cell walls remained.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.223-251
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• 2001

Morphological characters of section Atratae of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, and leaf, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium and achene, and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf (shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identifications of the observed seven taxa. C. gmelinii, C. hancokiana and C. peiktusani have been confused each other due to similar morphological characters. Howerever these taxa were distinct with respect to shape of scale, apex of scale, perigynium, type of silica body, frequence of stomatal complex, subsidal cell shape, and epidermal patterns of achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.183-222
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• 2001

Morphological characters of section Acutae of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of stem. leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium and achene, and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf (shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape. size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula were distinct. however with respect to from width of leaf, shpae of scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, and epidermal patterns of achene and leaf.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.257-292
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Foetidae(one taxon), Arenariae(one taxon) and Multiflorae(six taxa) of genus Carex(Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters, such as length and width of stem, leaf, leaf sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynuim, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns(fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae present/absent of perigynium, and leaf were useful for the identification of observed eight taxa. According to the current study, examined eight taxa of sections Foetidae, Arenariae and Multiflorae were distinct from each other with respect to length and width of stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, length of spike peduncle, shape of bract, scale and apex of scale, perigynium, perigynium beak, hair presence/absence of perigynium and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2004

In plants, nitrogen is the major component for growth and development. Leaf growth is based on the division, elongation and maturation of cells, which are used for making of epidermis, mesophyll, bundle sheath, xylem, phloem and so on. Dynamics of these tissues with respect to nitrogen are required for better understanding. This experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of nitrogen on the elongation of epidermal and guard cell of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, Seoanbyeo and Dasanbyeo on May 2000 at Chungbuk national university in Cheongju. After transplaning the 20-day-old seedlings into a/5000 pots, the main characteristics related with cell elongation were investigated and evaluated. A maximum. leaf length reached at 7 or 8 days after emerging from the collar, and also the leaf elongation rates were greatly affected by the increase of N application rate. The initial and final cell length were about $17\mu\textrm{m}$ and $130\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Cell divisions occurred within 1.0mm from leaf base. With die higher nitrogen application rate of 22 kg-N $10\textrm{a}^{-1}$, cell division per hour was greater 1.5 to 1.9 and 1.2 to 1.3 fold as compared to the N application rate of 0 and 11 kg-N $10\textrm{a}^{-1}$, respectively. Cell enlargement of epidermal and guard cell under higher N application rate (22kg-N $10\textrm{a}^{-1}$) was finished within about 20 (Seoanbyeo) and 15 hours (Dasanbyeo), while it took much time, about 30 hours.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-253
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• 2003

Morphological characters of C. kobomugi, C. gibba, C. echinata. C. remotiuscula. C. maakii. C. curta, and C. loliacea of genus Carex were rexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters. such as length and width of stem and leaf, sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size, and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynium, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns (fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae, prickle present/absent of perigynium and leaf were useful for the identification of observed seven taxa. Examined six taxa of section Macrocephalae, Gibbae, Stellulatae, Elongatae, Ovales, and Heleonates were distint from each other with respect of length and width stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, lenght of spike peduncle, perigynium, and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.