• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1993

Ladino clover stolen growing in grazed sward transplanted in 1/5,000a Wagner pot with two rows and were grown in green house with 12h lighting. Fifty days after transplanting the first cutting was made, the secound and 3rd cutting was made 20 days after each harvest. Treatment were nitrogen fertilization level of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg N/10a. Nitrogen was top dressed after transplanting and each cutting. Growing point, above and under ground DM yield, nitrogen fixation, crude protein of stolon, root and change of acetylene reduction activity after cutting were investigated. Result are as follows. 1. Growing point, DM production were heighst in 5 kg N at the first and 2nd harvest while 2.5 kg at 3rd cutting. Plants with 7.5 kg N/10a were dead at 3rd harvest. There were significant differences in growing point between treatment. 2 Nitrogen fixation of ladino clover were the heightest in 2.5 kg N pot at 1st cutting and as cutting and N fertilization were contiuned nitrogen fixation activity was lowered. 3. Leaf have more crude protein than that of stolen and root while plant crude protein increased by 2nd cutting as plant got more nitrogen fertilizer and again decreased in 3rd cutting. 4. Acetylene reduction activity were lowest at 3 week and recovered normal level at 5 week after cutting, also DM root was same trend.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the runner cutting time on the growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa cv. Maehyang and Seolhyang) during nursery period of two consecutive years (2009 and 2010). Strawberry runners which connected from mother plants to daughter plants were cut 30, 20, 10 and 5 days before transplanting day (11 Sep. 2009 and 10 Sep. 2010). When runner cutting time delayed, more nutrition was supplied to the daughter plant until late nursery period. It showed that there was a tendency to increase the fresh weight, crown diameter and leaf chlorophyll content. On the other hand, when the runner was cut earlier, the growth of underground part such as root weight was improved. Irrigation demand increased to 29.7% in case of runner cutting from mother plant compared with runner non-cutting treatment. In addition, infection ratio of anthracnose through runner part was 37.6% higher in case of runner cutting than that of runner non-cutting treatment. After transplanting, budding and flowering period were delayed up to 2 or 3 days because of late runner cutting. But there was no significant difference in marketable fruit yield among runner cutting times. It is recommended to conduct runner cutting 5 or 10 days before transplanting for reducing the occurrence of anthracnose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.8-11
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out in order to the effects of NAA on rooting of stem cutting of leaf variegated Aster glehni, dwarf type of Achillea sibirica and Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica native to Korea. Higher rooting percentage(85%) of Aster glehni, promoted root number and root length of Achillea sibirica were obtained by basal dip treatment with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA for 3 hours on late June. Percent rooting of the Solidago was not enhanced, but root number and root length were promoted by basal dip treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop the regulating methods for the optimal harvest stage of new sprout for woody plants, and to clarify the effects of storage condition and period on the growth of new sprout formed of Aralia elata cv. 'Jeongkwang'. Japanese angelica tree were collected in the Jangheung district of Jeonnam on 20. March, 2005, and those cut branches were stored at $5{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and 80 to 90% of the relative humidity, and were cut in water. Survival rate of cut branches for Aralia elata cv. 'Jeongkwang' was significantly increased when that was used for the cutting after the collection with no storage. And those survival rate was much more increased when that was stored at 80 to 90% of relative humidity than 40 to 50% of relative humidity. Number of new sprouts formed which were not stored immediately after the collection 3.2 to 3.4, and that were stored at cold storage room before cutting and cut on 1. June and 1. August were 5.1 to 5.3. Leaf growth of cut branches cut in water on 20. March started at ten days after cutting, and that on 1. June and 1. August at one to two days after cutting. Slow and mature sprout growth of Aralia elata cv. 'Jeongkwang' which were cut in water were different by the cold storage periods. Nineteen days were needed for the mature growth of sprout when cut in water on 20. March, and thirteen days on 1. August.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum irrigation method for propagation of cutting strawberry ($Fragaria{\times}ananassa$ Duch. cv. Maehyang) plantlet in summer season. The cutting strawberry plantlets were planted in 24-cell tray ($60{\times}34{\times}10cm$) filled with commercial mixed medium (Tosilee) and placed in semi closed-type small plastic tunnel. Each semi closed-type small plastic tunnel was treated as follows; control (non-treatment), over head irrigation (twice a day), capillary mats irrigation (twice a day), or fog irrigation (30 minutes turn on and 10 minutes off from 8:00 to 18:00). The strawberry plantlets were rooted during 8 days in the semi closed-type small plastic tunnel, and then plastic film was removed. Growth parameters, such as plant height, root length, number of primary roots, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width, crown diameter, SPAD, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root, were measured at 61 days after cutting. Relative humidity in tunnel was high in the order by fog irrigation, over head irrigation, capillary mats, and the control as 72.5, 56.3, 45.8, and 29% on average, respectively. However, the air temperature was similar in all treatments. On the 4 and 8 days, the rooting rate of strawberry plantlet was significantly higher in the over head irrigation and fog irrigation treatments. Plant height, petiole length, crown diameter, and leaf area were highest in the over head irrigation and fog irrigation treatments. In addition, fresh and dry weights of shoot were greater in over head irrigation and fog irrigation treatments than the others. Dry weight of root was differed significantly heaviest in the fog irrigation treatment. However, root length, no. of primary roots, SPAD value, and fresh weight of root were not significantly different in all treatments. These results indicated that growth and rooting for propagation of cutting strawberry plantlet 'Maehyang' were best achievement in the over head irrigation and fog irrigation treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1997

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, dry matter yield and crude protein yield according to different planting dates at sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid(SSH) and soybean intercropping. Planting dates were five treatment of may 6(Tl), may 13(T2), may 20(T3), may 27(T4) and june 3(T5), and cutting frequency was two times a year. 1. Plant length of SSH was the highest at T2 as 253cm, but T5 was the shortest as 203cm. In the soybean, T3 and T4 were the highest as 113cm, respectively. Leaf length of SSH was high at T5. In the soybean, T2 was the highest as 17cm. Average leaf width of T2, T3 and T4 was higher than TI and T5. 2. Leaf number of T3(SSH and soybean) was higher than other treatments, Stem diameter of SSH and soybean showed the highest as 12.3mm and 8.6mrn at T5 and T3, respectively. In the SSY mean stem hardness of TI was the highest as 2.5kg/$cm^2$, but soybean was the highest at T1(8.0kg/$cm^2$) 3. Deed stubble according to move seeding date of SSH were 11.4 percentage at TI, and 3.9 percentage at T5 treatment. 4. Total dry matter yield according to move seeding date was the highest at T3 as 20,937kghq but T5 of late seeding was the lowest as 16,04Okgha(P < 0.05). 5. In the first cutting time, protein content of SSH was the highest at T3 as 9.9 percentage, but T1 was the lowest as 8.4 percentage. In the 2nd cutting, T5 was the highest as 8.7% but T1 was the lowest as 6.2%. In the soybean, T5 was the highest as 19.4% but TI of early seeding was the lowest as 16.2 percentage. Crude protein yield was the highest at T3 as 2,233.5kghq but TI of early seeding was the lowest as 1,579.7kgha (P < 0.05). As mentioned above the results, T2(may 13), T3(may 20) and T4(may 27) treatment could be recommended as the best suitable seeding date when drymatter and protein yield were considered.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.768-776
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• 2010

This study was conducted to predict number and fresh weight of leaves, and total leaf area of a single-stemmed rose 'Vital' based on the accumulated thermal units, and to develop a model of shoot development for the prediction of the time when the flowering shoot reaches a phenological stage in a plant factory system. The base temperature ($T_b$), optimum temperature ($T_{opt}$), and maximum temperature ($T_{max}$) were estimated by regressing the rate of shoot development against the temperature gradient. The rate of shoot development ($R$, $d^{-1}$) for the phase from cutting to bud break (CT-BB) was best described by a linear model $R_b$ ($d^{-1}$) = -0.0089 + $0.0016{\cdot}temp$. The rate of shoot development for the phase from bud break to harvest (BB-HV) was fitted to the parabolic model $R_h$ ($d^{-1}$) = $-0.0001{\cdot}temp^2$ + $0.0054{\cdot}temp$ - 0.0484. The $T_b$, $T_{opt}$, and $T_{max}$ values were 5.56, 27.0, and $42.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $T_b$ value was used in the thermal unit computations for the shoot development. Number of leaves, leaf area (LA), and leaf fresh weight showed sigmoidal curves regardless of the cut time. The shoot development and leaf area model was described as a sigmoidal function using thermal units. Leaf area was described as LA = 578.7 $[1+(thermal units/956.1)^{-8.54}]^{-1}$. Estimated and observed shoot length and leaf fresh weight showed a reasonably good fit with 1.060 ($R^2=0.976^{***}$) and 1.043 ($R^2=0.955^{***}$), respectively. The average thermal units required from cutting to transplant and from transplant to harvest stages were $426{\pm}42^{\circ}C{\cdot}d$ and $783{\pm}24^{\circ}C{\cdot}d$, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars 'Afterglow (AG)', 'Berkeley Light (BL)', 'Mason (MS)', 'Subsessilis Light (SL)', 'Cream Tea (CT)', and 'Ben Badis (BB)' were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $60{\pm}10%$, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in 'SL' but shoot formation in 'AG' was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.483-487
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the role of attached leaflet on rooting and growth by one nodal cutting in tomato. As cutting sources 4 to 6 nodes could be obtained from one nursery seedling. Medium for cutting was a mixture with perlite plus peat moss (1 : 1, v/v), and each plug capacity was 30mL in the 72 cells-plug tray. Plant height and the number of leaves were significantly increased by attached leaflet cutting in 'Pepe' and 'Coco' cherry tomato. Dry weights of top and root were increased as much as 3 to 15 times in the cutting attached leaflet. Rooting percentage was 93.5% in one node cutting and 86% in the cutting with hypocotyl node part. At 20 to 24 days after nodal cutting, healthy nursery plant could be produced to transplant in field. The nursery plants by nodal cutting (NPNC) showed more fibrous roots and less tap roots than that of seedling. In terms of rooting pattern, NPNC rooted at the whole ground stem part, while rooting of seedling occurred at basal part of hypocotyl.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2003

Soilborne diseases pose a serious problem for mulberry cultivation during nursery plantation and established gardens, which cause severe loss in revenue generation of mulberry growers as compared to foliar diseases. Various soilborne diseases affect mulberry. Among them, root knot and root rot affect the established plantation resulting in severe loss in leaf yield apart from deterioration in leaf quality, which is a pre-requisite in successful sericulture to get the good quality of cocoons. Besides, stem-canker, cutting rot, collar rot and die-back, affect the initial establishment and survivability of mulberry plantation in nursery. The problem is difficult to handle, due to the complex nature of the diseases and also involvement of various biotic and abiotic factors. This is compounded by the occurrence of disease complex (especially nematode ＋ soilborne pathogenic microbes) in established mulberry gardens, which facilitates quick spread of the disease and enhance the plant mortality, resulting substantial loss in leaf yield. Therefore, prevention and timely control measures need to be taken up to protect the mulberry plants from different soilborne plant pathogens. In this review article, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease cycle and control measures of soilborne diseases of mulberry are discussed.