• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth response of 3 grasses to seed coating with chitosan solution and the attempt was made to estimate adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution in each grass for the growth to be stimulated. Three species used in this experiment were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution were applied as 0%(control), 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. the results were obtained as follows; 1. Dry weight of tiller(WT), leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and C/F ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of tiller(WT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and T/R ration were significantly different between seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution. 3. The adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution for the growth stimulating effect were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 1% in orchardgrass and tall fescue, and 0.05% in reed canarygrass, respectively. 4. Growth stimulating effect of seed coating in each species were different. The highest values were obtained in leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW) and dry weight of biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. The values of dry weight of stem(SW) and C/F ration were highest in reed canarygrass. 5. An increase in number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). Among the aboved increasing factors, the dry weight of leaf(LW) was a main factor for the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). 6. An increase in dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in biological yield(BY). Both the dry weight of leaf(LW) and dry weight of root(RW) were main factors for the increase in biological yield(BY).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.164-184
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to establish a characteristic discrimination of internal and external morphological standard of original plants and herbal states in Pogostemonis and Agastachis Herba. Methods : In this studies, the external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Results : 1. The external characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has hairs and brown-like in stem, elliptical fruit. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa has no hairs and red-like in stem, obovatic trigone fruit. 2. The physical characteristics: Pogostemon cablin is gray in whole, has hairs in stem and numerous hairs of ash in leaf. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is yellow-green in whole, has no hairs in stem. Specially the latter has deep-green colour and numerous hairs presenting mostly at lower epidermis in leaf. 3. The physical characteristics in currents: Pogostemon cablin is brown, has hairs and round-like stem. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is green or yellow-green, has no hairs and tetragon in stem. 4. The internal characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has progressed spongy tissue in epidermal cell of leaf and many rank of epidermal cell in stem. On other hand, Agastache rugosa has I rank palisade tissue in leaf and few rank of epidermal cell in stem. In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial cIassification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. Conclusion : Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for applying herbs in the future. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 1992

Five varieties of silage corn were cultivated to compare the growth characteristics and productivity. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19 (S 19). The corns were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15, and measured the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and yields of fresh and dry matter. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Plant height of P 3352 and P 3144 grown about 280cm throughout the experimental period was the tallest(P<.Ol), and those of P 3160, P 3282 and Suweon 19 ranged from 246.3 to 256.0 cm. 2. Leaf length is the longest in P 3352 and the shortest in P 3282(97.63cm vs 84.17cm), and there was significant(P<.Ol) difference between corn varieties. 3. Stem diameter was the longest in P 3144 and the shortest(P<.Ol) in P 3352(3.28cm vs 2.66cm). 4. P 3144, P 3282 and P 3352 had the greatest(P<.Ol) fresh matter yields per 10a in leaf, stem, and ear and whole plant, respectively. 5. Dry matter yield of P 3282 was the greatest(P<.Ol) in stem(1,080.6 kg/lOa) and leaf(304.5 kg/lOa), and that of P 3352 was the greatest in ear(864.1 kg/lOa) and whole plant yield(2,021 kg/lOa). 6. Ratios of respective part of corn to total dry matter were ranged from 12.7 to 17.8 76 for leaf, 44.5 to 66.9% for stem and husks, and 16.9 to 42.8 % for ear, and the highest in P 3160, P 3160 and P 3352, respectively. Consequently, P 3352, P 3144 and P 3282 shown high productivity in dry matter yield could be recommended as a reliable corn varieties for silage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Effects of adding of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour on the quality characteristics of bread were inves tigated. The content of total dietary fiber was 31.89% in flour of Angelica keiskei Koidz leaf and 43.37 % in that of stem. The content of insoluble dietary fiber increased by blanching, but those of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased by steeping in NaCl solution. In the results of sensory evaluation of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, leaf steeped in NaCl solution and blanched stem showed good overall preference. With the addition of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, water binding capacity and loaf weight increased, while the loaf volume decreased. The loaf volume of bread added with leaf steeped in NaCl solution and blanched stem were higher than those added with natural Angelica keiskei Koidz flour. The lightness and redness values decreased with the increase of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour content in bread but yellowness values increased. In the texture analyzer measurement for bread added with Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, hardness and springiness somewhat increased, while cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness decreased. As the results of sensory evaluation of bread added with Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, the score of the breads added with 5% leaf steeped in NaCl solution and 5%, 10% blanched stem were somewhat lower than those of control bread. In terms of rate of addition of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, the bread added with leaf at 5% level, natural stem at 5% level and stem by blanching at 5%, 10% level had good overall preference.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 1989

The morphology and flowering time of two Suaeda japonica populations from different habitats, the creek and the bank of the mudflat in Sorae, were surveyed. And standard transplantation and reciprocal transplantation were carried out to determine whether their characteristics were genetically fixed or not. Also soil sample of these habitats were analyzed. The amounts of loss on ignition, maximum field capacity, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and potassium, and soluble phosphorus were found to be significantly different between two habitats. Leaf thickness, leaf width, leaf length, stem height number of branches, and number of seeds were significantly different between plants of two populations. And flowering times of two populations did not overlap. According to the results of transplantation, leaf width, leaf thickness, and flowering times were the same as those at their original habitat. But the stem lenght, leaf lenght, number of branches and unmber of seeds were not. Therefore, the differences in the leaf length, leaf thickness, and flowering time seemed to bo genetically fixed. It were suggested that the creek bank populations of Suaeda japoinica were to be considered as different ecotypes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1369-1379
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• 2014

The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of leaf, stem, and root of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) were determined. Nutrient composition, reducing sugar, saponin, mineral, heavy metal, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities based on DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay were measured. Catechins, gingerols, shogaols, and capsaicin compositions were also determined by HPLC. The contents of water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, and ash from ginger root were 6.4, 6.8, 3.2, 65.4, 7.3, and 18.2%, respectively. Crude fiber contents of leaf and stem were 4~5 times higher than those of root (P<0.05), and reducing sugar content of stem was about 3 times higher than those of root. Crude saponin contents were in the order of stem

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2007

Callus cultures of Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. was induced on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 6-benzyl adenine, indole acetic acid and kinetin (1 ppm each). Methanolic extracts of whole plant, leaf, stem and leaf and stem calli were tested for anticonvulsant activity against standard drug phenytoin using maximal electroshock model on mice. It was observed that the animals treated with methanolic extracts of stem callus, leaf callus and whole plant (200 mg/kg, oral) showed significant protection against tonic convulsions induced by transcorneal electroshock. Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of stem callus was comparable to that of standard drug phenytoin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a new preparation process of ginseng leaf and stem extracts having high concentrations of ginsenoside Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rh1, a special component of red and black ginseng. Chemical transformation from ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenin was analyzed by the HPLC. Extracts of ginseng (Panax ginseng) leaf and stem were processed under several treatment conditions including ultrasonication treatments. The content of total saponin reached their heights at 17 hr (UGL-17) of ultrasonication treatment, followed by 16 hr (UGL-16) and 7 hr (UGL-7) of ultrasonication treatment at $100^{\circ}C$. UGL-17 findings show that the ginseng leaf and stem that had been processed with ultrasonication for 17 hours peaked in the level of Rg2, Rg3 and Rh1. In addition, UGL-16 contained ginsenoside Rg5 at high concentrations. It is thought that such results provide basic information in preparing ginseng leaf and stem extracts with functionality enhanced.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.301-338
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• 2002

Morphological characters of sections Rhomboidales (four taxa) and Digitatae (seven taxa) of the subgen. Eucarex (genus Carex, Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated by SEM and LM. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak and base of perigynium, achene, hair present or absent in perigynium, number of involucre and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf(shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. According to the current study, examined 11 taxa of sections Rhomboidales and Digitatae were distinct from each other regarding by length of leaf, stem, pistillate scale and perigynium, shape and epidermal cell of perigynium beak. C. lanceolata and C. humilis have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. lanceolata and C. humilis were distinct, however with respect to from length of stem, leaf ligule present or absent, shape of cross-sectioned stem, epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf. And C. lanceolata could be distinguished from C. pediformis by shape of perigynium and achene, shape of cross-sectioned of stem, epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 2005

Activated carbon(AC) can be utilized as a soil conditioner in agricultural crop areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of AC on Leaf and Stem Production of Angelica acutiloba as affected by different amounts of AC. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth characteristics including plant height and leaf length were the highest when activated carbon added with 10, suggesting that optimum amount of activated carbon was ranged from 10 to $20\%$. Growth and enlargement of the root were improved by $10\%$ AC.