• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-85
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• 1994

This study was carried out to develope DBMS program and use CAD for flower, leaf and fruit characteristics of deciduous woody landscape plants in Suwon, Korea from January 1, 1992 to March 20,1993. The results were as follows : 1. The flower, leaf and fruit characteristics of 211 species which were anthesis, flowering period, flower color, leaf spreading, leaf color before fall leaf coloring, fall leaf color, fruiting, fruit period, fruit color and trunk color were investigated through field survey. 2. DBMS program for flower, leaf, fruit and trunk characteristics of deciduous woody landscape plants was developed with data through field survey. And the DBMS program might contribute to the decision of appropriate times for planting design for flowers, fall foliage color, fruit color and hark color. 3.During this procedure, CAD software was used to demonstrate the deblossom before leaf spreading and leaf spreading in flowering, fall foliage color, fruit color after leaf falling, and hark color for planting design as well as seasonal color change of deciduous woody landscape plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1982

To clarify the morphological characteristics of Korean ginseng cultivated, the shapes and frequencies of Inflorescence, flowering bud, fruit, and leaf were investigated. The shapes of inflorescence, flowering bud and fruit, and leaf were divided into 6, 3, and 7 groups, respectively. The frequencies of these shapes were not significantly different according to the planting positions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2016

Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure and heart disease has increased with increased meat consumption in Korea. This study was performed to determine the optimal mixing ratio among ratios of 0, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder based on the anti-inflammatory effects. Then, the quality characteristics of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder were assessed. The inhibitory effects of ML2MF1 (2:1 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) on NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were superior to those of other mixing ratios. With respect to color values of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder, as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratios was increased, redness was increased but lightness and yellowness were decreased. The sensory evaluation of ML1MF5S (1:5 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) sauce for meat showed the highest score with respect to color, smell, taste, harmony with meat and the overall preference. In conclusion, as the mulberry leaf powder mixing ratio was increased, the anti-inflammatory activities were increased. But sensory evaluation scores were increased as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratio was increased. Therefore, by performing further study, the method to increase mulberry leaf powder in the mixing ratio for improving the sensory evaluation should be provided.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cultivar development. Therefore, there are limited information for farmers to cope with the reduction in productivity due to various physiological disorders and premature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit orchard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing 'Hayward' (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical properties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the recommended level, except for pH, and especially, the exchangeable potassium reached about 300% of the recommended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic content, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three percent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a significantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium content, but showed a significantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was significantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acidity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and magnesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1021-1025
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• 2001

복분자딸기 열매의 미숙과와 완숙과 그리고 잎을 사용하여 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬 유, 식이섬유, 조회분과 pH, 가용성고형분, 산도, 색도 등의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 주요 유리당은 glucose와 fructose로서 미숙과보다 완숙과에서 증가하였으며, 미숙과에는 sucrose가 나타나지 않았으나 완숙과와 잎에서는 sucrose가 합유되었다. 유기산 조성은 미 숙과, 완숙과 및 잎 모두 citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid로 이루어져 있었고, 특히 미숙과에서 citric acid함량이 1.21 g%로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 복분자딸기 열매의 미숙과 와 완숙과에서는 16종의 아미노산이 분리되었고 잎은 여기에 methionine을 포함하여 16종의 아미노산이 분리되었다. 미숙과 및 완숙과, 잎 모두 glutamic acid의 함량이 다른 성분에 비하여 높은 411, 246.59 및 898.42 mg%를 나타내었다. 무기질은 미숙과 및 완숙과, 잎 모두 potassium의 함량이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 총무기질 함량은 잎이 완숙과나 미숙과보다 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2003

The objectives of this study, an analysis of the variation for leaf and fruit characteristics among the selected ten populations of Sorbus commixta Hedl. could be used for the conservation of gene resources and could provide information to superior trees selection. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows; Approximately, the Mt. Sungin population at Ulleung island showed larger values in overall characteristics and populations. On the other hand, Mt. Halla population at Jeju island showed the smaller values of the overall characteristics and populations. ANOV A tests showed that there were statistically significant differences in all leaf characteristics among the populations as well as individual trees within populations. But, for fruit characteristics, differences were statistically significant only among the populations. Cluster analysis using single linkage method based on leaf and fruit characteristics showed that ten selected populations of S. commixta in Korea could be clustered into three groups. Group I is Mt. Sungin at Ulleung island, Group II is Mt. Halla at Jeju island, and Group III comprises Osan, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Duckyoo, Mt. Balwang, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. O-dae, Mt. Jiri, and Mt. Taebaek. The selection level based on major agronomic traits, which are the Number of Fruit per Fruiting Lateral(NFL) over 50, and Fruit Length(FL) and Width(FW) over 10 mm, and Weight of 100 Fruit(WFI00) over 66 g, was applied on 100 sample trees, and five trees were selected. The selection effects from selected trees in NFL, FL, FW, and WF100 were evaluated as 132%, 151 %, 142%, and 264% compared to the mean of those 100 sample trees, respectively. Especially, Ulleung 2 showed excellent values that NFL and WFI00 were 95, and 69 g, respectively, suggesting a promising new cultivar for larger fruit and high productivity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

대추나무에 관한 연구 및 2008년부터 시행될 산림수종의 품종보호제도에 대비하여 대추나무의 특성조사요령검정지침서(TG : Test guidelines) 작성 등에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 우리나라에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 대추나무 복조 등 5품종을 대상으로 과실과 엽의 형태적 특성들을 조사, 주성분분석 및 군집분석 등과 같은 다변량 분석법을 이용하여 분석 고찰한 결과, 인(仁)과 관련된 특성에서는 유의성이 인정되지 않아 대추나무의 품종간 유연관계를 고찰하는 특성으로는 부적절 한 것으로 판단된다. 과실중량을 비롯한 모든 특성들에서 보은대추 품종이 복조를 비롯한 다른 4품종과는 형태적 특성에서 명확하게 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 주성분분석 결과, 제1주성분의 고유값은 10.45로 전체 분산에 대하여 65.3%의 기여도가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 고유 값이 1이상인 제3주성분까지의 전체 분산에 대한 기여도는 96.5%로 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 과실종경을 비롯하여 엽장과 엽병장 및 정엽장과 정엽폭, 과형지수와 핵형지수 및 정엽형지수와 같은 형태적 특성들이 대추나무 품종의 유연관계를 구명하는데 높은 기여도를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과, 거리수준 3.3을 기준으로 보은대추를 제외한 무등과 월출 및 금성과 복조품종이 포함된 I group과 보은대추 품종만이 포함된 II group등 크게 2개의 group으로 구분할 수 있었으며 I group은 무등과 월출 및 복조품종이 포함된 sub group과 금성 품종 등 2개의 sub group으로 다시 구분할 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

This study was conducted in order to promote the utilization of Hovenia dulcis Thunb as food. The physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of the extracts from the leaf, fruit, stalk and stem were examined. The extract of stem was the brightest in L value (p<0.05), but the lowest in b value (p<0.01). By the sensory evaluation, the external appearance was the best in the extract of stem. The extract of leaf was the darkest in color and that of stem the lightest. The bitter and astringent taste was stronger from the leaf compared with other parts. The extract of fruits stalk of Korean Hovenia dulcis was preferred in most of attributes. The total sugar content was the highest from the fruits stalk. Among free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine were rich in order. Potassium contents were the highest among minerals from the fruits stalk, leaf and stem. Ca and Mg followed the next. The results were the same both in Korean and in Chinese tree. Among organic acids, malic acid was the most in the fruits stalk, leaf and stem. It was followed by citric acid. In the test of free sugar, glucose was the most and followed by sucrose and fructose in the fruits stalk. Fructose was contained the most in leaf and stem.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2014

꾸지뽕나무의 수요 증가에 따라 자생지 파괴가 심각한 반면 꾸지뽕나무에 대한 연구는 미비하기 때문에 자생지 복원과 새로운 농가 소득원으로 이용하기 위하여 국내에 자생하는 꾸지뽕나무 16개 집단을 대상으로 엽과 열매의 형태적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사된 꾸지뽕나무 집단에서 엽의 형태적 특성에 대한 유집분석 결과 4개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 열매의 형태적 특성을 분석하기 위해 꾸지뽕나무 15개 집단의 열매길이, 폭, 무게 등 3가지 형질을 분산 분석한 결과, 유의확률이 p=0.05로 각각의 형질에 따라 집단 간에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 열매의 3가지 형질별 특성을 이용하여 군집분석을 실시한 결과 세 집단으로 구분되었다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 꾸지뽕나무 엽과 열매의 형태학적 특징은 각 집단 간 차이가 있었으며, 엽의 형태적 특징과 열매의 특징이 일치하지는 않았다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate growth, morphological characteristics, and sugar content among fifty six blackberry (Rubus fructicosus) genotypes derived from gamma-ray treatment (fifty two lines), MNU treatments (three lines), and cross breed R. fructicosus${\times}$R. parvifolius(one line). While 56 genotypes had similar stem diameter with origin variety, the most of mutants showed reduced leaf size. Also, they showed a wide range of variation in fruit size and one hundred fruit weight compared with origin variety. In fruit size and sugar content, two mutant lines showed large fruit sizes and ten mutant lines showed 20% higher sugar content than the original variety. In the correlation analysis, positive relationships were determined between sugar content and stem diameter, fruit length, leaf wide and fruit length/fruit wide ratio. However, leaf length/leaf wide ratio showed a negative correlation with sugar content. The results will be used as fundamental data for Rubus fructicosus breeding program.