• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2013

A leaf spring, especially the longitudinal type is liable and persistent element in automotive suspension system. In the present scenario the composite materials are widely used in the automobile industries has shown a great interest in the replacement of steel spring due to high strength by weight ratio. Previous investigations focused on stresses and displacement analysis of single leaf spring for different materials. The present work aims to design and analysis of leaf spring for two different cases by considering the Young's modulus to yield strength ratio. In the first case the analysis deals with the design and analysis of a single cantilever solid triangle beam which is an equivalent beam of a spring with three leaves having uniform strength. In the second case a 3-beams of rectangular cross section has been considered which is equivalent to a spring with three leaves. The analysis was carried out based on contact mechanics approach. The results were compared, that the fiberglass composite leaf spring is suitable for high loading capacity, reliability and efficiency.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2011

Leaf structure is one of the important agronomic traits. A rolled leaf mutant was induced from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-treated japonica rice, 'Koshihikari'. The rolled leaf mutant showed phenotypes of reduced leaf width and leaf rolling. In addition, several abnormal morphological characteristics were observed, including dwarfism, defected panicle, delayed germination, and lower seed-setting. Microscopic analysis revealed that the number of small veins was decreased and the sizes of adaxial bulliform cells were reduced in the mutant leaves. The genetic study with two $F_2$ populations from the crosses of the rolled leaf mutant with 'Koshihikari' and Milyang23 suggested that the mutant phenotype might be controlled by a single dominant gene.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2001

This paper describes the development of performance analysis technique for a leaf-type gas lubricated fail bearing. Stiffness coefficient and frictional damping due to the slip between all contacts of leaves are evaluated for various leaf structures. The fluid film thickness and pressure distribution are computed but it is not considered the elastic deformation by film pressure. The analysis results include the effects that the curvature radius and the length of leaf and the friction coefficient have on the static and dynamic characteristics of the foil bearings.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

To establish the method for investigating the behavior of aerosol particles deposited on the leaf surface against fog water under natural conditions, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and wash water analysis by ion chromatography after the washing treatment were performed using leaves of white birch collected from low part of the tree crown and the top of the tree in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Each of collected leaves was divided into two parts according to the treatment performed: leaf surface (adaxial side) was 1) untreated, and 2) washed with deionized water with a pipette. In untreated samples, many particles of various shapes, including soil particles and organic debris, were deposited on the surface. Particles containing S were found on the surface of samples collected from only low part of the tree crown. After the washing treatment, SEM-EDX analysis revealed that soil particles and particles containing S had been washed off with water, although some particles such as soil particles and organic debris still remained on the leaf surface. The major anion such as $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was detected in wash water of all samples, although the peak of S in X-ray spectra was not detected from samples collected at top of the tree. The combination of SEM-EDX analysis with wash water analysis indicated that $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was deposited on the leaf surface in dissolved state and/or in state of submicron particles. These results suggested that fog water could remove soil particles and particles containing S and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ from the leaf surfaces, but not all particles. There was no difference in sampling position in the tree crown. Our study suggested that combination with SEM-EDX analysis and wash water analysis would be effective for investigation of the behavior of particles on the leaf surface against fog water.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.544-555
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• 2003

DNA 마이크로어레이 실험으로 나오는 데이타는 아주 많은 양의 유전자 발현 정보를 담고 있기 때문에 적절한 분석 방법이 필요하다. 대표적인 분석 방법은 계층적 클러스터링(hierarchical clustering) 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 클러스터링의 결과로 나오게 되는 덴드로그램(dendrogram)에 대해서 후처리(post-Processing)를 시행함으로써 DNA 마이크로어레이 데이타 분석을 더 용이하게 해주는 리프오더링(leaf-ordering)에 대해서 연구하였다. 먼저, 기존의 리프오더링 알고리즘들을 분석하였고, 리프오더링 알고리즘의 새로운 접근 방식을 제안하였다. 또한 이에 대한 성능을 실험하고 분석하기 위해서 계층적 클러스터링과 몇 가지 리프오더링 알고리즘들, 그리고 제안된 접근 방식을 직접 구현한 HCLO (Hierarchical Clustering & Leaf-Ordering Tool)에 대해서 소개하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2003

Suspension system of vehicle have enough endurance during its life time to protect passenger. Spring is one of major part of vehicle. Thus, a fatigue strength evaluation for leaf spring based on road load response was carried out. At first, strain of leaf spring is measured on the city condition and proving ground condition. And next, the damage analysis of road load response data was carried out. And fatigue test of leaf spring were also carried out. Based on -N life relation, fatigue life of leaf spring was evaluated at belgian mode, city mode and drawing test specification. After that, it is compared the design life of leaf spring and evaluated fatigue life by belgian mode, city mode and drawing test specification. From the above, the maximum load-fatigue life relation of leaf spring was defined by test. and new test target of belgian mode and city mode was proposed to accept design specification of leaf spring. It is expect that proposed test target can verify leaf spring fatigue endurance at specific road condition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a model to estimate crop leaf surface temperature. The results were as following; A definition for the daily time based on elapsed time from the midnight (00:00) as "E&E time" with the unit of Kmin. was suggested. The model to estimate the scaled temperature ($T^*e$) of crop leaf surface temperature by scale factor ($T^*$) according to the "E&E time : Kmin."(X) was developed as eq. (1) $T^*e=0.5{\cdot}sin(X+780)+0.5$ (2) $T^*=(Tx-Tn)/(Tm-Tn)$, Tx : Daily leaf temperature, Tm : Daily maximum leaf temperature, Tn : Daily minimum leaf temperature. Relative sensitivity of the measured temperature compared to the estimated temperature of red pepper, soybean and persimmon was 1.078, 1.033 and 0.973, respectively.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1981

Data for this study were obtained from Burley 21 (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown under various densities on the field in 1978 and 1979 at the Jeonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute. Interrelations between yield and its components were statistically studied by correlation, regression, and pathway analysis. Correlation of yield with plant population was significant and positive. Quadratic functions for yield vs. plant population and the length of the largest leaf were fitted to the data. Multiple recession equation between yield and its components (leaf number ($X_1$), a leaf area ($X_5$), weight per unit leaf area ($X_9$), plant population ($X_14$)), was significant at the 5% level. Measuring the relative importance of its components on yield, plant population was 49.5%, weight per unit leaf area 25.3%, a leaf 15.6%, and leaf number 9.8%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1998

The elastic stiffness formula of leaf type holddown spring(HDS) assembly is verified by comparing the values of elastic stiffness with the characteristic test results of the HDS's specimens. The comparisons show that the derived elastic stiffness formula is useful in reliably estimating the elastic stiffness of leaf type HDS assembly. The elastic stiffness sensitivity of leaf type HDS assembly is analyzed using the formula and its gradient vectors obtained from the mid-point formula. As a result of sensitivity analysis, the elastic stiffness sensitivity with respect to each design variable is quantified and design variables of large sensitivity are identified. Among the design variables, leaf thickness is identified as the most sensitive design variable to the elastic stiffness of leaf type HDS assembly. In addition, the elastic stiffness sensitivity, with respect to design variable, is in power-law type correlation to the base thickness of the leaf.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sponge cake added with pine leaf powder. The pine leaf powder sponge cake was prepared with different ration of pine leaf powder(0, 10, 20, 30, 40%). The specific gravity, baking loss rate and cake weight increased significantly with increasing the levels of pine leaf powder. In terms of color, lightness and yellowness increased with increasing levels of pine leaf powder. The sponge cake added with ratio of 40% pine leaf powder appeared to be the highest. In terms of textual property evaluation, sponge cake were increased by the level of pine leaf powder. The substance's level of springiness, and cohesiveness decreased by increasing of the level of pine leaf powder. In sensory evaluation, 10% pine leaf e sponge cake was better on taste, overall acceptability, and flavor. The results showed that sponge cake quality with 10% pine leaf powder was considered the best.