• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.661-665
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• 1995

Ginsenoside-Rg$_{1}$(G-Rg$_{1}$) has been shown to stimulate DNA synthetic activity in SK-HEP-1 cells. This study was therefore designed to determine in SK-HEP-1 cells whether the stimulatory effect of G-Rg$_{1}$ may be mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) which is known to play a key role in the signal transduction pathway leading to the cell proliferation. Using the tn situ PKC assay method, the PKC enzyme activity was determined in SK-HEP-1 cell cultures in response to G-Rg$_{1}$ at 3*10$^{-5}$ M or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) at 10$^{-6}$ M which in the enzyme activity by 1.5- and 7-fold, respectively. Furthermore, G-Rg$_{1}$, was also able to synergistically increase the enzyme activity by 11-fold m the cell cultures in the presence of PMA. These stimulatory effects of G-Rg$_{1}$ or PMA on the DNA synthetic activity and the PKC activity were ablished by a specific PKC inhibitor, GF109203X. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of G-Rg$_{1}$ on the DNA synthetic activity may be partly due to stimulation of PKC-mediated signal transduction pathway leading to the proliferation of SK-HEP-1 cells.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1999

Today, information society is affected by new technologies including Electronic Commerce(EC), Electronic Data Interchange(EDI), Commerce At Light Speed(CALS ), multimedia and teleconferencing. Electronic Commerce is believed to be a field that will bring about a huge revolution of human life in the 21st century and thus its industry will give greatly influential effect on other industries In this paper, we have surveyed and studied through the internet and related materials for the development of framework of Electronic Commerce. It is required that we need the leading role of our government for the earlier activation of Electronic Commerce usage and have to establish the solid background of EC technology creation of our nation's originality and to activate the venture industry oriented for idea and technology rather than the industries in the form of larger enterprises. In conclusion, we have to expand our own ability of research and development to keep the continuous growth of our Electronic Commerce market and industries through the development of new product and prior acquisition of market as well as to expand the path of various technology aquisition by the strategic M&A and capital investment with the leading foreign enterprises.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. Chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action have shown an increase in cure rates. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of low concentration of paclitaxel (taxol, 5 nM) and topoisomerase 1 inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Although the viability of cells treated with taxol alone was similar to that of control cells, sequential treatment with taxol and CPT exhibited high cytotoxicity. However, the opposite sequence of treatment did not exert cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cells. This enhanced cytotoxicity of the sequential combination therapy was the result of mitotic arrest, which increased the level of $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Knockdown by $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ siRNA or treatment with a p38 inhibitor reduced the viability of cells sequentially exposed to taxol and CPT. Taken together, a low taxol concentration in combination with CPT induced mitotic arrest in HCT116 cells, leading to synergistic cell death through enhanced expression of $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ and p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, taxol could playa role as a sensitizer of CPT in colon cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.132-137
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• 2015

The effects of the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive on the electrochemical performance of an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode were investigated. Coin-type EDLC cells with an organic electrolyte were fabricated using the electrode samples with different ball-milling times for the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive. The ball-milling time had a strong influence on the electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode. The homogeneous mixing of the active material and the conductive additive by ball-milling was very important to obtain an efficient EDLC electrode. However, an EDLC electrode with an excessive ball-milling time displayed low electrical conductivity due to the characteristic change of a conductive additive, leading to poor electrochemical performance. The mixing of an active material and a conductive additive played a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of EDLC electrode. The optimal ball-milling time contributed to a homogeneous mixing of an active material and a conductive additive, leading to good electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.355-380
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• 2015

China has been experiencing a series of changes after gradually opening up its society. Such changes have now seeped into almost every sector of the society, leading to overall change. While the political system has been maintained without much change, the structure of life for Chinese has undergone a shift, especially in the sectors related to industry or the economy. The Chinese have adopted capitalism in their own way, leading to fast growth in their industries. Those who were born in the 1980s amidst such change (so-called the post-80s generation) are now playing a major role in Chinese society. Understanding this generation can help understand some of the most important phenomena in today's China. Therefore the language used by this generation is in particular meaningful as language often reflects the society it is used in. This study focuses on the newly created words arising from the lifestyles of the post-80s generation to better understand how the China's move towards a more open society over the past three decades have brought about changes. The work culture and consumption styles of the post-80s generation are also showing some collective characteristics. As such, a review of newly created Chinese words related to this generation is expected to increase understanding of the overall Chinese society and Chinese culture of today.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2021

Scholars of new religious movements have emphasized the role of "second founders," such as Judge J.F. Rutherford for the Jehovah's Witnesses, Brigham Young for the Mormons, or Deguchi Onisaburo for Oomoto. They systematize and structure movements often created by the "first founders" with a minimal organization only. The paper argues that the model for the sequence first founder/second founder described by these scholars is the relationship between Jesus and Paul of Tarsus at the origins of Christianity. It proposes a comparison between Jesus of Nazareth and Kang Jeungsan, who established the tradition leading to present-day Daesoon Jinrihoe. It then summarizes the biography of Jo Jeongsan, recognized by Daesoon Jinrihoe as its "second founder" within the same tradition, and discusses the analogies between his connection to the "first founder," Kang Jeungsan, and the connection Paul of Tarsus established with Jesus Christ. The paper considers recent scholarship about Paul, often described as the "New Perspective on Pauline Scholarship." Paul never personally met Jesus Christ, except after the latter's death through a spiritual revelation, just as Jo Jeongsan never met Kang Jeungsan, except after his death, when he manifested himself to him in spirit. Nonetheless, Paul was able to decisively shape the largest branch among the followers of Jesus Christ, just as Jo Jeongsan originated the lineage leading to Daesoon Jinrihoe, currently the largest religious order among those recognizing Kang Jeungsan as the incarnated Supreme God.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.727-735
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• 2023

Stem cells require high amounts of energy to replicate their genome and organelles and differentiate into numerous cell types. Therefore, metabolic stress has a major impact on stem cell fate determination, including self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that influence stem cell function and fate by regulating the degradation of intracellular components and maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic stress. Lysosomal functions altered by metabolic stress are tightly regulated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3, critical regulators of lysosomal gene expression. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of TFEB-mediated lysosomal function may provide some insight into stem cell fate determination under metabolic stress. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of TFEB/TFE3 in modulating stem cell lysosomal function and then elucidate the role of TFEB/TFE3-mediated transcriptional activity in the determination of stem cell fate under metabolic stress.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 1995

Promotion of immunization including early recognition of disease symptoms and effective control of communicable disease have been the important role of the school heath teacher in Korea. The school heath teacher as a nurse have been practiced vaccination for students as one of the major method for promotion of immunization in school. Recently it was occured difficulty for school vaccination that is practicing by school health teacher. So it is predicted for reducing of vaccination coverage rates of students. The objectives of this study are, first; to examine current guidlines of government, second, to analysis problem according to current guidline, third, to discuss further direction for school vaccination. There are used study methods as litrature review, analysis of statistical data and case study etc. Analytical framework for increased effects of vaccination in this study was safty, cost -effectiveness and coverage rates of vaccination. Major suggestions are as follows : First, It is different from the role of the public and private sectors in preventive health services. The preventive health services are characterized that the effect of health promotion is large, but the period of input effect is slow. Therefore the leading role of school vaccination should be have school and school health teacher including public sectors. Second, Health management of contemporary people can be effective with cooperative relationship between various health manpower. School health teacher as a medical manpower should be provide vaccination service continiously for health promotion of students. Third, It is necessary to maintain collective vaccination in school because have lots of advantage at safty, cost-effectiveness and coverage rates. In conclusion, school heath teacher should have central and independent role in school vaccination in according to current law. Also it will be assured lawful compensation in prepare to accident in vaccination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.949-956
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• 2002

There are several physiological and pharmacological evidences indicating that opening of voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels play a critical role in induction of acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm. We determined the intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in ejaculated goat sperm using a fluorescent, $Ca^{2+}$-specific probe, Fura2/AM, after the suspension of sperm in KRB medium, capable of sustaining capacitation and the acrosome reaction. We used nifedipine, D-600 and diltiazem, the $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonists belonging to the classes of dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines, to investigate the possibility that L-type voltage gated $Ca^{2+}$ channels play a role in the progesterone-stimulated exocytotic response. Progesterone promoted a rise in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in goat sperm and addition of nifedipine (100 nM) just prior to progesterone induction, significantly inhibited both intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ rise and exocytosis suggesting that $Ca^{2+}$ channels are involved in the process. However, the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase during the process of capacitation was not affected with the addition of nifedipine suggesting a role of focal channel for $Ca^{2+}$ during capacitation. Studies using monensin and nigericin, two monovalent cation ionophores showed that an influx of $Na^+$ also may play a role in the opening of $Ca^{2+}$ channels. These results strongly suggests that the entry of $Ca^{2+}$ channels with characteristics similar to those of L-type, voltage-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ channels found in cardiac and skeletal muscle, is a crucial step in the sequence of events leading to progesterone induced acrosome reaction in goat sperm.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Displays, playing an essential role in HCI, have been developed to deliver more vivid and live pictures. LCD and PDP have the most common usage among various displays to present the dynamic textual information in restricted and open places. Important and unsolicited information is being provided by hundreds of displays while we don't even perceive the information. Watching context, effective color combinations of the text and background, speeds of presentation, contexts, and types of display for leading method, moving words cross the display from right to left, were investigated with readability, comprehensibility, and overall satisfaction were compared. LCD peformed better than PDP on all comparisons u4th typical text (black, white) and background (white, black) color better than other color combinations. Normal and fast text presentation was believed more preferred when only textual information was given while slower presentation was evaluated more efficient if multimedia contents were presented with textual information.