• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2023

Considering that the number of middle-aged single-person households is increasing, this study investigates dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and mental health according to household type. Data were procured from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 5,466 participants aged 50-64 years were classified into 2 groups: a household with one member was defined as a single-person household, and households with two or more members were described as multi-person households. Single-person households comprised 10.63% of the total, with a higher average age, and lower income and economic levels than multi-person households. Compared to multi-person households, single-person households had a higher frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and dining out, the moderately and severely food insecure group was more than 5 times, and nutrient intake and dietary quality were poorer. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms were 2.35 times (95% CI: 1.39-3.96), and suicide ideation was 1.95 times (95% CI: 1.35-2.82) in single-person compared to multi-person households. Our results lead us to conclude that poor dietary intake in middle-aged single-person households affects the mental health, and the above factors should be considered when framing the dietary policy.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2006

Objective : This study was conducted to quantify chronic lead exposure from various media(ie. working environment, food, ambient air), and to certify the usefulness of exposure assessment using Monte-Carlo simulation in the fields of occupational health. Methods : Data were obtained from Korean Industrial Health Association, Korea Food and Drug Administration, and the Ministry of Environment. Then lead worker's exposure was estimated indirectly from various media and parameters (ie. volume inhaled, body weight, dietary intake, etc.). Uncertainty was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation with Crystal Ball software. Exposure doses and hazard indices were simulated with various hypothetical scenarios including weekly working hours and respiratory protective equipment. Results : Without respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight of lead workers was estimated as $5.45{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated as 2.26, and exposure contributions were calculated as follows : working environment(82.42 %); foods(17.57 %); and ambient air(0.01 %). But, if working condition has changed - reduction of working hours and using respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight was estimated between $1.34{\times}10^{-3}-1.49{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated between 0.56 - 0.62. Conclusions : This study suggested that occurrence of hazardous impact(ie. increased blood pressure) through lifetime lead exposure would be expected, and that the Monte-Carlo simulation was useful for the fields of occupational health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.350-360
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• 2017

본 연구는 제5기 (2010~2011) 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여, 초경 후 여자 청소년, 폐경 전 여성과 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 철 영양상태 및 식품 섭취 빈도와 혈중 중금속 농도와의 상관성을 규명하고자 수행되었고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 폐경 후 여성, 폐경 전 여성, 여자 청소년 순으로 혈중 납, 수은, 카드뮴 농도가 높았다. 수은 중독 비율은 폐경 후 여성에서 가장 높았다. 2) 철 영양 상태와 결핍은 초경 후 청소년의 경우, 혈청 페리틴 농도의 평균값이 가장 낮았고, 폐경 전 여성의 경우 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿 농도의 평균값이 가장 낮았고, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 혈청 페리틴, 철 결핍비율이 가장 높았다. 3) 철 영양상태와 혈중 중금속 농도 관계에서 초경 후 청소년은 철 영양 상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 높았다. 폐경 전 여성도 철 영양 상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 높았으나, 혈중 납 농도, 혈중 수은 농도는 낮아 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 후 여성은 철 영양 상태가 좋을수록 혈중 납 농도는 낮았고, 혈중 수은 농도, 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았다. 4) 혈중 중금속 농도와 식품군별 섭취빈도의 상관성은 초경 후 청소년의 경우, 혈중 납 농도는 우유 및 유제품 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 곡류, 우유 및 유제품 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 전 여성의 경우, 혈중 납 농도와 서류, 육류 및 난류, 과일 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 곡류, 서류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 서류, 육류 및 난류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 후 여성의 경우, 혈중 납 농도는 패스트푸드 및 튀긴 음식 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 서류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 과일섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 폐경 후 여성의 혈중 중금속 농도와 중독비율이 다른 여성에 비해 더 높았고, 폐경 전 여성의 철 영양상태가 초경 후 청소년과 폐경 후 여성에 비해 좋지 않았다. 초경 후 청소년은 철 영양상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았으며, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취 빈도는 혈중 납 농도, 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 음의 상관관계에 있었다. 폐경 전 여성의 경우, 철 영양상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았으며, 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도가 많을수록 혈중 수은 농도가 높아졌다. 결론적으로 여성의 연령, 월경여부 등으로 인해 철 영양상태가 상이함에 따라 혈중 중금속 종류에 따른 농도와의 상관성이 달랐으며, 식품군 섭취빈도와의 상관관계도 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2001

The effect of Dolichos lablab leave extract on enzyme activities in mice blood was investigated in this study to clarify the new useful application of the Plant leaves. There were not significant differences in the enzyme activities in mice blood among treatment fed with the leave extract and non fed control. The feeding treatment with the extract showed a tendency to activity compared to the nun fed control. The activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in mice blood at the treatment fed with lead and the leave extract were significantly low compared to their activities at the non fed treatment with the extract, respectively. The choline esterase activity was high at the leave extract feeding. The cadmium dietary treatment showed the same result as the lead treatment. In conclusion, the physiological function of the Jebikong leave was significantly in creased when the mice was stressed by the hear metal intake. Therefore, the plant leave extract would consider the reduction of heart metal effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.347-361
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• 2012

Limited studies are available concerning the effect of heavy metal exposure on cardiovascular diseases. As environmental pollution increases, food contamination, including heavy metal contamination of fish, also increases. However, researches based on the intake of heavy metals, cardiovascular disease, and fish intakes are inconclusive. We assessed an association of heavy metal exposure with cardiovascular disease and fish intake in a nationally representative group of general Korean adults. We used data from the combined 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), and analyzed the data of 5,139 Koreans who participated in KNHANES. All participants were older than 20 years, and were diagnosed with stroke, ischemic heart disease, or hypertension. The mean blood cadmium, lead concentration, and mercury concentration of subjects were $1.07{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/L$, $2.49{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/dL$, and $5.19{\pm}0.08{\mu}g/L$, respectively. We used the survey logistic regression model to account for the complex sample design of the cardiovascular disease risk in order to estimate the odds ratios (OR). After adjusting for age, education, income, alcohol, smoking, and BMI, the increase of serum cadmium in blood was associated with the increase in the prevalence of hypertension. Further, the increase in blood cadmium concentration was associated with the increase of both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Although higher fish intakes were significantly associated with higher blood mercury concentration (p for trend < 0.0001), fish intakes did not affect either blood cadmium or lead concentration. Comparing the highest fish intake group with the lowest intake group, the OR of hypertension was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.19-0.59) in the crude model for total fish. However, these associations were no longer significant after the adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, cadmium in blood was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the general Korean adult population. However, we found no evidence of a clear relationship between cardiovascular disease and frequency of fish consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.526-533
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• 1991

식이 셀렌이 납섭취에 따른 흰주의 혈액 및 간장중의 $\delta$-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase(ALAD)활성 저해에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 체중이 141$\pm$5g이 되는 Sprague-Dawley 종 숫쥐를 식이내 납함량을 0(대조군), 200, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000ppm으로 달리하고, 다시 0.5ppm의 셀렌을 첨가한군과 비첨가군등 9군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 후 체중증가, 식이효율, 혈중hemoglobin, hematocrit치, 혈액 및 간장중의 ALAD 효소활성, 그리고 뇨증 aminolevulinic acid(ALA)의 배설량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 식이섭취량은 대조군과 납식이군과 별 차이가 없었고, 식이효율 및 체중증가량은 2,000, 5,000 ppm 납식이군이 유의적으로 낮았으나, 셀렌을 첨가했을 때는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 2. 장기의 무게는 200, 1,000ppm 납식이군에서 신장의 무게가 대조군에 비해 비대했으나, 셀렌을 첨가했을때는 타실험군과 차이가 없었다. 3. Hemoglobin 함량과 hematocrit치는 납함량이 높을수록 대조군에 비해 감소하였으나, 납함량이 1,000, 2,000ppm군에서는 셀렌을 첨가했을때 비첨가군에 비해 증가되었다. 4. 혈액중 ALAD효소 활성은 납함량이 증가될수록 대조군에 비해 ALAD활성이 현저히 감소되었고 200, 1,000, 2,000ppm 군에서는 셀렌을 첨가했을때 비첨가군에 비해 그 활성이 증가되었다. 간장중의 ALAD효소 활성도 혈액에서와 같은 경향으로 납함량이 즐가될수록 감소되었으나, 혈액에서 보다는 ALAD 활성 감소가 적었으며 셀렌을 첨가한 경우 모든 식이군에서 비첨가군에 비래 ALAD 활성이 증가되었다. 5. 뇨중의 ALA 배설량은 ALAD활성과는 반대로 식이내 납함량이 높을수록 그 배설량이 증가되었고, 셀렌 첨가군에서는 그 배설량이 감소되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2010

The amount of salt intake of Korean people is 11.4 grams per a day, which is 2.3 times of the recommended daily salt intake by WHO - 5 grams of salt a day. The relationship between high salt consumption and increased risk of high blood pressure, observed not only in hypertensive but also in normotensive patients. High salt intake is also associated with an increased risk of heart attack, cerebral ischemia and osteoporosis. Therefore, this research is for developing a salt taste sensor to reduce sodium consumption and improve meal habits for the perception of a more bland taste of most foods. When the sensor was put into food sample, current intensity achieved with distribution cables. Current intensity was correlate with a simple equivalent of salt taste stimulus intensity. The salt taste sensor consists of salinity & temperature measuring probe, signal processing circuit and LCD display & LED warning light. When salinity is going over a set point, LCD displayer indicate salt taste on LCD panel by percent value (%), and at the same time, blue LED light change to red LED light. So we could know the grade of salt taste in soup before meals conveniently and objectively. The results show that operating range of 10 to $80^{\circ}C$ and accuracy of ${\pm}0.1%$ were achieved with an analysis time of about 2 or 3 sec. Moderate reductions in salt intake can help to avert adult diseases and lead a healthy life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2011

Previous studies have shown that plant-based vegetarian diets, which typically contain a variety of antioxidants and dietary fiber, help reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, some studies have reported that vegetarian diets can lead to deficiencies in protein and trace minerals compared to non-vegetarian diets. This study was conducted to compare anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, dietary intake, and hair mineral status in long-term vegetarians (MV; moderate vegan, LV; lacto-ovo vegetarian) and non-vegetarians (NV). Thirty MV (12 males, 18 females; mean age, $50.58{\pm}5.05$ years), 15 LV (11 males, four females; mean age, $49.45{\pm}4.97$ years), and 30 NV (15 males, 15 females; mean age, $48.90{\pm}3.62$ years) participated. No significant differences were observed for age, height, weight, or body mass index, but body fat was significant lower in MV and LV males than that in NV males. White blood cell counts of MV, LV, and NV male subjects were significantly different. Dietary intake data showed that plant protein and plant iron intake were significantly higher in MV and LV than those in NV. Animal protein, animal fat, and animal iron intake were significantly higher in NV than those in MV and LV. A hair mineral analysis showed that calcium and iron were higher in the hair of MV and LV than those in NV. Zinc concentration in hair was not significantly different among the groups. The results suggest that vegetarian diets are adequate to sustain mineral status to at least the same degree as that of non-vegetarian diets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.771-784
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationships between dietary factors and the stress perception levels of College students. A survey was conducted in June, 2010, targeting 332 college students in Gwangju. General environmental factors, stress perception levels, dietary behaviors, and dietary action guide performance of the subjects were evaluated by questionnaire, and food intakes was determined by the 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows.: The score of frequency experiencing was $45.1{\pm}16.9$ for male students, and $47.0{\pm}16.7$ for female students. The importance scores were $50.8{\pm}18.5$ for males, and $53.3{\pm}18.7$ for females. The total score for dietary action guide performance was $39.6{\pm}7.2$ for males and $40.6{\pm}6.5$ for females. Nutrient intake levels were evaluated based on dietary reference intake (DRI), revealing energy intakes to be 68.5% EER in males and 73.9% in females. The mean intakes of nutrient were 54.2% RI for calcium, 73.6% RI for riboflavin, and 51.2% RI for vitamin C but 203.6% AI for sodium, which indicates an imbalance in nutrient intake. Analysis of the correlations between stress perception levels and dietary factors, scholarship achievements, financial problems, future problems, value senses, and family relationships revealed significant correlations with general environment factors, dietary behaviors, Dietary action guide performance, and nutrient intakes (p<0.05). The higher the stress perception levels of the students, the higher the energy, coffee and alcohol intake, which predicts that appropriate stress control in college students will lead to better dietary habits. It is expected that the results above will be used as basic data for the development of proper nutrition education programs and stress control strategies.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.587-597
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• 2006

This study was performed in order to identify nutritional factors affecting on skin sebum content with 131 female university undergraduates in 2003. We measured the sebum contents of 4 facial spots to classify their skin types. Daily energy and nutrient intakes of the subjects were not deficient except in calcium and iron, which were 466.2 mg (66.6% RDA) and 8.5 mg (53.4% RDA) relatively. We observed no significant difference of energy and nutrient intakes among the 3 skin types. But significantly higher consumption of grains and slightly higher frequencies of several food groups (excepting starches) were shown in oily skin types, so they might have higher nutrient intakes. Serum indices and food preferences mostly revealed no difference among the 3 skin types. But in the oily skin type, serum phosphorus levels were significantly lower than others, suggesting phosphorus-rich food consumption like soft drinks and pains could lead to a dry skin type rather than an oily one. Also in the oily skin type, sweet taste preference was slightly tower than others; more-over, sweet intake was lower samely significantly. There was mostly no significant relationship between facial sebum contents and nutrient intakes, dietary behavior, food frequency and food preference except in some factors. Animal protein intake showed a significant negative relationship toward facial sebum content. On the other hand, in normal skin type, Fishes consumed was slightly higher than others, so that higher animal protein consumption presumably leads to normal skin type. Frequency of fried food and bacon and preference of fried foods showed slightly negative relationships toward facial sebum content. Regular meal times showed significantly increased facial sebum content.