• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2010

Purpose: Full thickness skin grafts are useful in the reconstruction of facial skin defects when primary closure is not feasible. Although the supraclavicular area has been considered as the choice of donor site for large facial skin defect, many patients are reluctant to get a neck scar and some patients do not have enough skin to cover the defect owing to the same insult occurred to the neck such as burn accident. We present several cases of reconstruction of facial skin defects by freehand full-thickness skin graft from anterolateral chest wall resulting aesthetically acceptable outcome with lesser donor site morbidity. Methods: Retrospective review was performed from March, 2007 to September, 2009. 15 patients were treated by this method. Mean age was 31.5 years. The ethiology was congenital melanocytic nevus in 7 cases, capillary malformation in 5 cases and burn scar contracture in 3 cases. Mean area of lesion was measured to 67.3 cm2 preoperatively. The lesion was removed beneath the subcutaneous fatty tissue layer. The graft was not trimmed to be thin except defatting procedure. For the larger size of defect, two pieces of grafts were harvested from both anterolateral chest wall in separation and combined by suture. Results: The mean follow up period was 9.7 months. All the grafts survived without any problem except small necrotic areas in 4 cases, which healed spontaneously under conventional dressings in 6 weeks postoperatively. Color match was relatively excellent. There were 2 cases of hyperpigmentation immediately, but all of them disappeared in a few months. Conclusion: In cases of large facial skin defects, the anterolateral chest wall may be a good alternative choice of full-thickness skin graft.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.531-534
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• 2010

Purpose: Lipobean$^{(R)}$s, widely used in lipodissolving techniques, contain phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as its main substances. They have been approved only as medication for liver disease by the FDA. However, they have been used under various clinical settings without exact knowledge of its action mechanism. The authors designed an in vitro study to analyze the effects of different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate on adipocytes and other types of cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cell were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Fibroblasts extracted from human inferior turbinate tissue, and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast lines were cultured. Phosphatidylcholine solution dissolved with ethanol was applied to the culture medium at differing concentrations (1, 4, 7, 10 mg/mL). The sodium deoxycholate solution dissolved in DMSO applied to the medium at differing concentrations (0.07, 0.1. 0.4. 0.7 mg/mL). Cells were dispersed at a concentration of $5{\times}10^3$ cells/well in 24 well plates, and surviving cells were calculated 1 day after the application using a CCK-8 kit. Results: The number of surviving cells of adipocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts decreased as the concentration of sodium deoxycholate increased. However, all types of cells that had been processed in a phosphatidylcholine showed a cell survival rate of over 70% at all concentrations. Conclusion: This study shows that sodium deoxycholate is the more major factor in destroying adipocytes, and it is also toxic to the other cells. Therefore, we conclude that care must be taken when using Lipobean$^{(R)}$s as a method of reducing adipose tissue, for its toxicity may destroy other nontarget cells existing in the subcutaneous tissue layer.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.209-219
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• 1996

This research was carried out to get the basic information on the current situation of personal computer utilization for poultry farm management, and the results obtained could be used in developing of the software system for the poultry farm management. Survey method by interview and mail was adopted to carry out the research, and the total number of data used to statistical analyses was k6 poultry farmers. 1. The ratio of the poultry farmers who had the personal computer(P/C) was about 25%, and the most of the layer farmers from age 30 to 40 who manage the flock size 20,000 or above had the P/C. 2. About 70% of the farmers who had P/C have bought the system after 1993, and 83% of those farmers had the P/C-486 or above level system. They bought the P/C with intent to apply it to farm management(39%) and education for children(31%). 3. About 50% of the farmers who had P/C obtained the relevant knowledge for operating computer system by themselves, and the 33% of the P/C-possessed farmers used P/C for word-processor. 4. About 35% of the farmers who had P/C applied their system to analyse the management analyses, and the sarne ratio of the farmers answered that they didn't apply the system to their farm management. 5. About 25% of the farmers who had P/C used package software, and the company which installed the automated cage system offered the software. 6. Most of the farmers considered the computerization of the farm management positively, and they answered that they will apply P/C to their management actively from now on. 7. About 56% of the farmers didn't think that they had sufficient knowledge for operating computer system, and a quarter of them pointed that the difficulty of the buying software for poultry farm management was the most biggest problem to spread out the computerization in the poultry farm. 8. Most of the poultry farmers didn't buy P/C because they didn't have the relevant knowledge for computer system, but they wanted to learn basic knowledge for computer, and they had the intention to apply computer to their management positively. In order to expand the computerization for poultry farm management, appropriate education system for the farmers from age 30 to 40 who manage the flock size 20,000 or above and the development of the software that could be applied to poultry farm management on the spot efficiently should be made.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

PURPOSE: In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS: We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum $200{\mu}l$ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution $50{\mu}l$ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer $50{\mu}l$ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer $50{\mu}l$ and melatonin antiserum $50{\mu}l$, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with ${\gamma}$-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS: The results were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 난소자궁적출술에 있어서 티타늄(titanium) 클립 적용 시 발생할 수 있는 합병증을 평가하고, 난소혈관과 난소걸이인대의 두 가지 결찰법을 비교하여 합병증을 최소화 할 수 있는 수술법을 찾고자 하였다. 실험을 위해 6마리의 암컷 비글견이 사용되었으며, 세 마리씩 두 그룹으로 나누어 한 그룹은 난소걸이인대와 난소혈관을 함께 결찰 하였고, 나머지 한 그룹은 난소걸이인대를 결찰하지 않고 난소혈관만 결찰 하였다. 두 수술법을 비교하기 위해서 매달 1회씩 1년 동안 복강 X-ray 검사를 통해 적용된 클립의 위치 변화를 확인하였고, 적용된 클립에 의한 염증반응 유무는 혈액검사를 통해 확인하였다. X-ray 검사 상에서 두 그룹의 클립 위치는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 혈액 검사에서도 거의 모든 수치들이 정상범위에 있었고, 염증과 관련된 임상증상 또한 관찰되지 않았다. 부검을 통한 두 그룹의 클립 포매 형태를 관찰한 결과 난소걸이인대를 결찰한 클립은 복강의 얇은 막으로 두껍게 싸여서 신장 후연에 위치하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, 난소걸이인대를 결찰하지 않은 클립은 얇게 둘러싸인 막 표면에 위치하여 신장의 아래쪽에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 난소걸이인대가 클립의 움직임을 최소화 할 수 있도록 지지해주는 역할을 하는 것을 의미하며, 따라서 티타늄 클립을 적용하는 난소자궁적출술에서 난소걸이인대를 함께 결찰하는 방법이 합병증 예방에 있어서 보다 적합한 방법으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.952-960
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• 2003

p53은 cyclin Bl을 통해 세포주기 중 G2-M checkpoint 이행을 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 이것은 p53이 여러 종류의 악성종양의 생성과 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 암시한다. 본 연구의 목적은 식도 편평세포암 환자에서 세포주기 조절인자인 cyclin Bl과 p53의 역할을 규명하는 데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 46예의 식도 편평세포암 환자에서 채취한 정상 편평상피, 이형성 조직과 암조직에서 면역조직화학검사를 이용하여 cyclin Bl과 p53의 발현을 조사하고 임상병리학적인 인자 및 생존율과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 정상상피의 기저층에 있는 몇 개의 세포들에서 cyclin Bl이 발현되었다. Cyclin Bl 양성세포의 범위는 이형성증의 정도가 심해질수록 증가하였다. Cyclin Bl의 양성율은 41.3% (19예/46예)였고 p53의 양성 발현율은 58.7% (27예/46예)였다. 임상병리학적 인자들 중 병기(p<0.05), 식도 주위 림프절 전이(p=0.05), 림프혈관 침범(p<0.05)만이 cyclin Bl의 발현과 관련이 있었고 단변량분석과 다변량분석에서 cyclin Bl의 발현은 예후불량과 관련이 있었다. p53의 발현은 cyclin Bl의 발현과는 상관관계가 있었으나, 임상병리학적 인자들과 예후와는 무관하였다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 cyclin Bl은 식도암의 생성에 관여함을 알 수 있었고 식도 편평세포암 환자에서 cyclin Bl의 발현은 불량한 예후를 나타내며 술 후 보강 항암요법을 시행함으로써 생존율의 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 sol-gel법을 이용하여 균일하고 결함을 최소화한 세라믹 한외여과막을 제조하였다. 알루미나 중공사 정밀여과막 지지체의 기공 크기를 줄이기 위해, 합성된 boehmite sol과 sol-ethanol 혼합 용액을 사용하여 dip coating법으로 지지체 표면 위에 ${\gamma}$-알루미나 활성층을 형성시켰다. pristine sol을 이용하여 4회 이상 코팅했을 경우 박막층의 두께가 상당히 증가하여 균열 및 박리현상을 야기시키고, 3회 코팅을 진행하였을 경우 표면 결함이 최소화된 최적의 시료를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 소결 온도가 ${\gamma}$-알루미나 활성층의 기공 크기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 소결 온도가 $1000^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 높은 순수 투과도 값을 보였으며, 10 nm 크기의 dextran 분획분자량(molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) : 51 kDa)이 관찰되었다. 600, $800^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 막의 경우, 12 kDa MWCO (dextran 5 nm)를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 결과적으로, 코팅 용액의 조성은 박막층의 두께에 큰 영향을 주었고, 소결 온도에 따라 분획분자량이 크게 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.586-591
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• 2010

Solar cells have been more intensely studied as part of the effort to find alternatives to fossil fuels as power sources. The progression of the first two generations of solar cells has seen a sacrifice of higher efficiency for more economic use of materials. The use of a single junction makes both these types of cells lose power in two major ways: by the non-absorption of incident light of energy below the band gap; and by the dissipation by heat loss of light energy in excess of the band gap. Therefore, multi junction solar cells have been proposed as a solution to this problem. However, the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation solar cells have efficiency limits because a photon makes just one electron-hole pair. Fabrication of all-silicon tandem cells using an Si quantum dot superlattice structure (QD SLS) is one possible suggestion. In this study, an $SiO_x$ matrix system was investigated and analyzed for potential use as an all-silicon multi-junction solar cell. Si quantum dots with a super lattice structure (Si QD SLS) were prepared by alternating deposition of Si rich oxide (SRO; $SiO_x$ (x = 0.8, 1.12)) and $SiO_2$ layers using RF magnetron co-sputtering and subsequent annealing at temperatures between 800 and $1,100^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen ambient. Annealing temperatures and times affected the formation of Si QDs in the SRO film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that nanocrystalline Si QDs started to precipitate after annealing at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for one hour. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly showed SRO/$SiO_2$ SLS and Si QDs formation in each 4, 6, and 8 nm SRO layer after annealing at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for two hours. The systematic investigation of precipitation behavior of Si QDs in $SiO_2$ matrices is presented.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2005

약물의 서방화에 있어서 독성이 특히 강하거나 유효 치료영역이 좁은 약물일수록 초기 버스트는 매우 중요하다. 이러한 약물의 전달을 위한 단일층으로 이루어진 나노미립구의 이용은 표면에 존재하는 약물 때문에 초기 버스트가 커서 서방화에 적절치 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생분해성 고분자인 덱스트란과 락타이드-글리콜라이드 공중합체(PLCA)를 이용한 이중층 나노미립구를 제조하여 서방성 방출 거동을 보이는 약물 전달체 제조에 대한 연구를 수행 하였다. 덱스트란과 PLCA의 나노미립구는 W/O/W법을 이용하여 이중 에멀젼 과정을 통해 제조하였고 계면활성제로는 폴리(비닐 알코올)(PVA)을 사용하였다. 덱스트란의 생체외 방출 거동을 확인하기 위해 동결 건조된 시료를 직경 $3{\times}1mm$ 몰드를 이용하여 웨이퍼를 제조하여 증류수에서 7일간 방출 거동을 확인하였다. 이중층 나노미립구는 각각의 단일고분자로 이루어진 나노미립구에 비해 다른 방출거동을 보였다. 특히 유화제인 PVA농도가 $0.2\%$인 것이 0차 방출에 가까운 결과를 보였다. 본 실험을 통해 대조군인 물리적인 혼합 모델, 덱스트란 또는 PLGA로만 이루어진 웨이퍼 및 단일층 미립구에 비해 이중층 나노미립구의 내부물질인 덱스트란의 방출 거동이 서방형을 보임을 확인할 수 있었으며 PVA의 함량에 따라 방출 거동을 조절할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2003

이프리플라본은 이소플라본의 파생물로서 골의 재흡수를 방지하여 골의 재형성을 방해함으로써 골 형성에 도움을 준다. 이프리플라본은 칼슘의 양을 안정적으로 증가시킴과 함께 골수 줄기 세포의 작용으로 세포층에 칼슘을 침착시킨다. 조직공학적 골을 형성시키기 위해 락타이드-글리를라이드 공중합체 (PLGA)에 이프리플라본을 함유시킨 지치체를 용매 캐스팅/염 추출법으로 제조하였다. 수은 다공도계, 주사 전자 현미경, 시차 주사 열량계, X선 회절기를 이용하여 특성결정을 수행하였고, 이프리플라본이 함유된 지지체와 이프리플라본이 함유되지 않은 지지체를 면역이 결핍된 쥐의 피하에 삽입하여 이들의 골 형성을 비교하였다. 조직을 hematoxylin & eosin, 본쿠사 염색과 면역화학적 염색법인 콜라겐 I 형과 오스테오칼신 염색을 하였다. 이프리플라본이 함유된 담체의 다공도는 91.7% 이상이었고, 평균 다공 크기도 101 $\mu\textrm{m}$였다. PLGA로만 제조된 지지체와 이프리플라본을 50% 함유시킨 지지체를 동물 실험을 수행한 결과 이프리플라본은 피하 층과 다른 연조직에서 미분화 줄기 세포가 칼슘 침착, 골아 세포, 골상으로의 유도에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것을 관찰하였다. 결론적으로 이프리플라본을 함유한 지지체에서 이프리플라본이 골형성에 중요한 요인으로 작용한다고 사료된다.