• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

The primary cilium protrudes from the cell body like a bio-antenna that has many receptors, channels and signaling molecules to sense and response to external stimuli. The external environment such as ultraviolet irradiation, temperature, humidity, gravity and shear stress always influences skin. Skin responds to external stimuli and differentiates by making melanin, collagen and horny layer. Ciliogenesis participates in developmental processes of skin, such as keratinocyte differentiation and hair formation. And it was reported that skin pigmentation was inhibited when ciliogenesis was induced by sonic hedgehog-smoothened-GLI2 signaling. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormones (${\alpha}$-MSH) increase melanin synthesis through activation of the cAMP pathway in melanocytes. We observed that ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP production inducers inhibited ciliogenesis of melanocytes. Therefore, we thought that regulation of ciliogenesis is potential candidate target for the development of agents to treat undesirable hyperpigmentation of skin. As a result, we found out that an ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (EGG) root and 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamate thymol ester (TCTE, Melasolv) significantly inhibit melanin synthesis of normal human melanocyte by inducing primary cilium formation. This study proposed new theory to regulate skin pigmentation and cosmetic components for skin whitening.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.431-443
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• 2009

Recently, turbidity problem is one of the hot issues in dam and reservoir management works. Main reason to bring about high density turbid water is sediment yield by rainfall intensity energy. Because existing researches didn't consider diverse types of crops, it was difficult to calculate more accurate soil erosion and sediment yield. This study was evaluated the reduction efficiency of soil erosion and sediment yield using ginseng layer extracted from IKONOS satellite image, and the area and the ratio of ginseng area represented $0.290km^2$ and 0.94%. The reduction efficiency of soil erosion considering ginseng area represented low value in 0.9% using GIS-based RUSLE model, because the area of ginseng was small compared to areas of other agricultural lands. To reflect future land use change, this study was calculated the reduction efficiency of soil erosion and sediment yield by considering many scenarios as kinds of crops of paddy, dry field, orchard, and other agricultural areas convert to the ginseng district. As result of analysis of them according to scenarios, scenario (1) in which dry field was converted to ginseng area and scenario (2) in which fully agricultural lands were converted to ginseng area showed high reduction efficiency as 31.3% and 34.8% respectively, compared to existing research which didn't consider ginseng area. Methodology suggested in this study will be very efficient tools to help reservoir management related to high density turbid water.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2015

The visual cells in the retina of Iksookimia longicorpa (Pisces, Cobitidae) were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopes. The retina ($216.42{\pm}13.36{\mu}m$) has several layers, and the visual cell layer consists of unequal double cones and large rods. In a double cone, two members are unequal such that one cone is longer than the other (long element $26.42{\pm}1.7{\mu}m$, short element $16.82{\pm}1.1{\mu}m$). The cones form a row mosaic pattern in which the partners of double cones are linearly oriented with a large rod. The visual cells observed have an outer segment (hematophilic), inner segment (eosinophilic). In scanning electron microscopy, the outer segment links to inner segment by so-called calyceal piles (calyceal processes) of membrane discs surrounded by double membranes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 1987

Lipids in Bush Clover (Lespedza bicolor) seed were extracted with the mix ture of chloro-form-methanol (2 : 1, v/v) and then fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography. Components and fatty acid composition of each fraction were determined by thin layer and gas chromatographies. The results were summarized as follows. In Bush Clover seed, the contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were 71.75%, 23.26% and 4.99% respectively. Triglycerides(61.90%) and free fatty acids(22.04%) were the major components among the neutral lipids. Esterified sterols, free sterols, diglycerides and monoglycerides were the minor components. The major components of glycolipids were monogalactosyl diglycerides(38.19%) the others were esterified steryl glycosides, cerebrosides and digalactosyl diglycerides. The major components of the phospholipids were phosphatidyl cholines(36.46%), phosphatidyl inositols(21.52%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamines(17.29%). The major fatty acid of total lipid, neutral lipids and glycolipids were linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. On the other hand, predominate fatty acid of phospholipids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.9
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• pp.361-368
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• 2014

The LPR(License plate recognition) system has been developed to efficient control for complex traffic environment and currently be used in many places. However, because of light, noise, background changes, environmental changes, damaged plate, it only works limited environment, so it is difficult to use in real-time. This paper presents a heuristic segmentation algorithm for robust to noise and illumination changes and introduce a real-time license plate recognition system using it. In first step, We detect the plate utilized Haar-like feature and Adaboost. This method is possible to rapid detection used integral image and cascade structure. Second step, we determine the type of license plate with adaptive histogram equalization, bilateral filtering for denoise and segment accurate character based on adaptive threshold, pixel projection and associated with the prior knowledge. The last step is character recognition that used histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and multi-layer perceptron(MLP) for number recognition and support vector machine(SVM) for number and Korean character classifier respectively. The experimental results show license plate detection rate of 94.29%, license plate false alarm rate of 2.94%. In character segmentation method, character hit rate is 97.23% and character false alarm rate is 1.37%. And in character recognition, the average character recognition rate is 98.38%. Total average running time in our proposed method is 140ms. It is possible to be real-time system with efficiency and robustness.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 2005

Membrane fouling by protein mixtures during microfiltration has been investigated for binary mixtures of bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein, lysozyme, pepsin, and ovalbumin. Filtration experiments were carried out using $0.2{\mu}m$ polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) membrane in a stirred cell under constant transmembrane pressure (14 kPa) and concentration of hydrogen ion (pH=11) to study the effect of mixture composition on filtrate flux decline. Flux decline data were analyzed using a pore blockage-cake formation model developed recently. It was found that the model is in a good agreement with the experimental data. Fouling parameters such as the rate of pore blockage(${\alpha}$), the initial resistance of the protein deposit ($R_{po}$) and the increasing rate of the protein layer resistance(${\beta}$) were used to evaluate the rate of filtrate flow by membrane fouling in the binary mixture system. Generally, the trend of ${\alpha}$ is comparable with that of filtrate flux decline. It was also found that fast flux decreasing was observed over the binary mixture containing casein. The result is due to high value of the initial resistance of the protein deposit ($R_{po}$) over casein.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the site and growth characteristics of Acer pictum var. mono growing in the deciduous stands at Mt. Joongwang area located in Pyungchanggun, Kangwon-do. A. pictum var. mono was mainly distributed at the rather steep slope and aspect facing from northeast to northwest, and altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 1,200m. It grew at relatively deep a soil layer with high moisture and nutrients. Major competing species in the upper stories were Betula costata, Acer mandshuricum, Quercus mongolica, Cornus controversa, and herb plants such as Meehania urtidfolia, Isodon excisus, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Ainsliaea acerifolia in the floor. The height growth was 0.25m in early time, decreased gradually and sustained growth of lower than 10cm. The diameter growth of A. pictum was under 1mm in early time, but increased to 0.3mm/yr and showed continuous growth of 2mm/yr recently. Annual volume growth showed rapid increased about age 120 and then showed stable growth, so the rotation period of A. pictum is expected more than 200 years without decay of heartwood.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.725-740
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• 2014

To figure out the vegetation situation in the ridge of the Naknam-Jeongmaek, six intensive survey sites were selected considering environmental factors and human interferences, 132 quadrats (area $100m^2$) were installed to survey appearing species of trees and major environmental factors, and the characteristics of vegetation structures were analyzed. The surveyed plots were divided into six groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; Quercus mongolica-Q. variabilis community, Pinus densiflora-Q. dentata community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community, P. densiflora-P. thunbergii community, P. koraiensis community, Rhododendron spp.-Lespedeza cyrtobotrya community. P. densiflora-Q. dentata community, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community, and P. densiflora-P. thunbergii community are expected to be succeeded by deciduous oaks because the power of deciduous oaks is strong in their lower layer. C. obtusa community, P. densiflora community, and Rhododendron spp.-L.cyrtobotrya community are artificial forests that were artificially formed and are expected to be maintained in the current state for some time because the dominance value of planted species of trees is high. Most vegetations in Naknam-Jeongmaek were secondary forests or artificial forests formed for forest tree production and forestation for erosion control. In particular the top regions and hilly sections of the mountain were mostly dominated by deciduous oaks such as Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis showed some P. densiflora community competing with deciduous oaks. On the other hand, low sections and regions adjacent to the city showed severe artificial interference since exotic species such as P. thunbergiil, C. obtusa, P. koraiensis, and Rhododendron spp. were planted.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

It is very important to estimate the physical properties of survey area and delineate the geological basement in marine site survey for the design of offshore structures. For the purpose of providing high quality data by means of engineering site survey, it is necessary to apply several survey techniques and carry out the integrated interpretation to each other. In this study, we applied single channel seismic reflection method and OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable) type seismic refraction method at shallow marine. We used a dual boomer-single channel streamer as a source-receiver in seismic reflection survey and airgun source-the developed OBC type streamer in seismic refraction survey. We made 24 channels OBC type streamer which has 4m channel interval and each channel is composed of single hydrophone and preamplifier. We tested the field applicability of the proposed method and applied the typical seismic data processing methods to the obtained reflection data in order to enhance the data quality and image resolution. In order to estimate the geological velocity distribution from refraction data, seismic refraction tomography technique was applied. Therefore, we could successfully perform time-depth conversion using the velocity information as an integrated interpretation. The proposed method could provide reliable geologic information such as sediment layer thickness and 3D basement depth map.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2012

To study the effect of surface crosslinked layer on the crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate) (cPSA) absorbent, we synthesized several surface crosslinked cPSAs with 5, 10 and 20 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) by an inverse emulsion polymerization method to delay the absorption of excess water in concrete. We measured the compressive and flexural strength of mortars having 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% cPSA-EGDMA. We observed the increase of compressive and flexural strength of the cPSA-EGDMA added cement mortars except for the 0.5 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (20 g) added cement mortar. 1.0 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (5 g) added cement mortar showed about 16% and 10% increased compressive and flexural strength than those of plain cement mortar. To study the effect of porosity on compressive and flexural strength, we used FE-SEM and porosimeter. FE-SEM analysis showed swollen cPSMAEGDMA (5 g) filled between calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) crystals. We observed the decreased porosity of the cPSA-EGDMA added cement mortars than that of plain cement mortar. 1.0 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (5 g) cement mortar showed the lowest porosity of 16.5%.